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"The book is the first one published exclusively on the field of nutritional epidemiology of breast cancer. It summarizes the currently existing knowledge, with an updated and comprehensive international bibliography (~ 1.000 references). The authors also performed a review on the epidemiological studies on nutrition and breast cancer carried out in Uruguay between 1994 and 2011, which allowed exploring and identifying the main risk and protective factors for the disease in this high-risk country. "

"This book is the one of the few textbooks that summarizes the latest information dated to inflammatory breast cancer. The uniqueness of this book is that it has summarized the latest molecular and mechanistic findings, which may lead to novel diagnostic tool or therapeutic approach to fight this deadly disease."

"Frozen section library : breast provides an easy reference and pocket book about the nuances of adequately handling breast specimens in a fashion that meets the increasingly complex environment of breast pathology. The pros and cons of frozen section versus use of touch imprint as well as related quality assurance requirements are addressed. Other less common uses of intraoperative evaluation, such as diagnosis and margin evaluation are described. The volume includes recommended guidelines for evaluation and documentation of specific gross pathologic features, in conjunction with radiological imaging. Techniques and protocols for such examinations are illustrated. The volume closes with an overview of the newly published guidelines for handling a variety of breast specimens, which are intended to be used for assessment of predictive factors."

"This important book provides up-to-date information on a series of topical issues relating to the approach to minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients. It first explains how the study of minimal residual disease and circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs) can assist in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis. A series of chapters then discuss the various technologies available for the detection and characterization of CTCs and DTCs, pinpointing their merits and limitations. Detailed consideration is given to the relevance of CTCs and DTCs, and their detection, to clinical research and practice. The role of other blood-based biomarkers is also addressed, and the closing chapters debate the challenges facing drug and biomarker co-development and the use of CTCs for companion diagnostic development. This book will be of interest and assistance to all who are engaged in the modern management of breast cancer."

"Latar Belakang: Kanker merupakan salah satu isu kesehatan yang besar di dunia. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari angka insidensi kanker payudara yang meningkat dari 20.2 per 100,000/tahun menjadi 54.9 per 100,000/tahun pada tahun 1968 sampai dengan 1972. Magnetic Activated Cell-Sorting (MACS) merupakan teknik yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan fraksi sel induk kanker payudara, meliputi CD24-/CD44+ yang merupakan penanda pluripotensi sel tersebut. Namun, pluripotensi fraksi sel induk kanker payudara belum dipelajari secara mendalam. Oleh karena itu, riset ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tingkat pluripotensi dari fraksi sel melalui ekspresi gen KLF4, yang merupakan co-regulator dari ekspresi master regulator pluripotensi. Metode: RNA diekstrak dari fraksi sel induk kanker payudara yang diseparasi dengan MACS. Untuk mengevaluasi tingkat pluripotensi dari fraksi-fraksi sel, digunakan metode One-Step real-time RT-PCR agar mendapatkan expresi relatif dari gen KLF4. Hasil: Ekspresi KLF4 terlihat sangat tinggi pada CD24-/CD44-, tetapi pada fraksi sel CD24-/CD44+ ekspresi gen hanya sedikit. Kesimpulan: Pada penyortiran sel pertama, fraksi CD24-/CD44- lebih bersifat pluripoten dibandingkan dengan fraksi CD24-/CD44+. Sedangkan pada penyortiran sel kedua, didapatkan bahwa fraksi CD44- dan CD44+ memiliki sifat pluripoten yang sebanding. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kesalahan pada penyortiran sel atau dikarenakan oleh pengaruh gen-gen pluripoten lain dalam mempertahankan sifat pluripotensi.

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Background: Cancer is a major health issue in the world and it is seen in breast cancer in which the age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) had increased from 20.2 per 100,000/year between 1968 and 1972 to 54.9 per 100,000/year between 1998 and 2002. Magnetic Activated Cell-Sorting (MACS) technique is used to obtain different breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) fractions including CD24-/CD44+ cell fraction, which is the marker of pluripotent BCSCs. However, the pluripotency of these cell fractions have not been thoroughly studied. As such, this research aims to analyze the pluripotency level of these cell fractions by studying KLF4 gene expression, which is the co-regulators of expression of master regulator of pluripotency.

Method: RNA was extracted from breast cancer stem cell fractions that have been separated by MACS. To evaluate pluripotency level of the cell fractions, One- Step real-time RT-PCR was conducted to obtain the relative expression of KLF4 gene.

Results: KLF4 is highly expressed in CD24-/CD44- cell fractions but is lowly expressed in CD24-/CD44+ cell fraction.

Conclusions: In the first cell sorting, CD24-/CD44- cell fraction is more pluripotent than the CD24-/CD44+ cell fraction while in the second cell sorting, CD44- and CD44+ cell fractions have comparable pluripotency. This can be caused by either error in cell sor."