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"Pendahuluan : Di Indonesia, menurut Biro Pusat Statistik, persentase penggunaan benzena terhadap seluruh bahan kimia yang digunakan oleh sektor Industri diperkirakan sebesar 20-40%. Pada industri minyak dan gas, para pekerja terpajan benzena dalam waktu yang lama, sehingga ada kemungkinan menderita efek toksik benzena berupa gangguan metabolisme lemak, dalam hal ini trigliserida pada pekerja terpajan benzena rendah dengan dan tanpa patahan kromosom limfosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar trigliserida pada pekerja terpajan benzena rendah dengan dan tanpa patahan kromosom limfosit dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun (2011-2012, serta pengaruhnya terhadap faktor sosiodemografi dan pekerjaan. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan disain kohort retrospektif. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di sebuah industri migas X. Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi den eksklusi adalah 99 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder, yaitu data kepegawaian dari bagian SDM dan data pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala pekerja tahun 2011 dan 2012. Analisis bivariat dengan uji kemaknaan chi square. Hasil : Rata-rata perubahan kadar trigliserida dengan patahan kromosom limfosit tahun 2011-2012 yaitu 2,52 sedangkan rata-rata perubahan kadar trigliserida tanpa patahan kromosom limfosit tahun 2011-2012 yaitu 7,08. Kesimpulan dan Saran : Hipotesis diterima karena : rerata perubahan perbedaan kadar trigliserida dengan patahan kromosom limfosit lebih rendah dibandingkan rerata perubahan perbedaan kadar trigliserida tanpa patahan kromosom limfosit pada tahun 2011 dan 2012. Pada pekerja dengan patahan kromosom limfosit dengan kadar rata-rata trigliserida tinggi atau normal perusahaan melakukan pemeriksaan kadar trigliserida minimal 6 bulan sekali.

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Introduction: In Indonesia, pursuant to Central Statistics Bureau, percentage of benzene utilization upon all chemical material used by Industrial sector was estimated at 20-40%. In oil and gas industry, workers exposed to benzene for a long time, thereby there is a possibility to suffer benzene toxic effect in form of fat metabolism disorder, in this regard triglycerides in workers exposed to low benzene with and without lymphocyte chromosome breakage. The purpose of this research is to understand the different of average levels of triglycerides in workers exposed to low benzene with and without lymphocyte chromosome breakage in period of 1 year (2011-2012), and its affect to socio demographic and work.

Method: This research is using retrospective cohort design. Place of research is in oil and gas industry of X. The amount of sample that comply with inclusion and exclusion criteria is 99 peoples. Data collection was conducted by using secondary data, that is employment data form the Human Resources division and workers? periodic health examination in year of 2011 and 2012. Bivariate analysis with chi square significant test.

Results: Average level change of triglyceride with lymphocyte chromosome breakage in year of 2011-2012 is 2.52 while average level change of triglyceride without lymphocyte chromosome breakage in year of 2011-2012 is 7.08.

Conclusion and Recommendation: Hypothesis is accepted due to: different average change of triglyceride levels with lymphocyte chromosome breakage is lower than the average change of triglyceride levels without lymphocyte chromosome breakage in year of 2011 and 2012. For workers with lymphocyte chromosome breakage with high average levels of triglyceride or normal, a company performs examination of triglyceride levels at least every 6 months."

"This book presents the comprehensive results of experimental and numerical investigations of glass façade breakage behavior under fire conditions. First of all, full-scale frame and point-supported glass facades, incorporating single, double and coated glazing, were tested under pool fire conductions. The results determined the effects of different glass frames, types of glass, and thermal shocks on breakage behavior. Small-scale tests, using the Material Testing System (MTS) 810, Netzsch Dilatometer and FE-SEM, were also performed at different temperatures to determine the basic mechanical properties of glazing.In addition, a three-dimensional dynamic model was developed to predict stress distribution, crack initiation and propagation, and has since been employed to identify the breakage mechanisms of different types of glass facade. The numerical results showed very good agreement with the experimental results and verified the models ability to accurately predict breakage. Lastly, a theoretical model based on incident heat flux was developed to predict the breakage time and heat transfer in glazing, which served to reveal the nature of interactions between fire and glass."

"The name chromosome was given by Waldeyer (in about 1888). This name is appropriate in view of the intense affinity of this structure for nucledphilicdeyes (Chroma = color; soma a body). Fifteen years earlier the now called chromosome had been described in dividing cells by Schneider to thread-like structures in these cells. In 1884 Nageli had introduced a special hereditary material, which he called "idioplasm", which according to other investigators was identical to the chromatin of the nucleus.Cytogenetics is one of the most rapidly developing field of modern biology, despite its very slow beginning. It is recognized as being basic to the understanding of many aspects of the broad science of heredity. For a good appreciation of recent studies on human cytogenetics, some knowledge of the history of human cytogenetics, which developed hand in hand with the technical development of studying chromosomes, seems to be necessary. Investigations on cytogenetics could be said to have started with the work of Arnold (1879) and Flemming (1882), who examined mitotic process for the first time. Arnold observed the genetic material in tumor cells. Flemming studied various cell division stages in the plant Lilium croceum, and in embryos of salamander (1882 ), who then introduced the term "chromatin" by which he meant the nuclear substance stainable with nuclear dyes."