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"ABSTRAKPada perawatan ortodonsi penggunaan perekat braket langsung merupakan salah satu tujuan untuk melakukan perawatan ortodonti dengan estetika yang baik. Dewasa ini banyak tersedia macam-macam bahan dasar dari pelekat braket langsung. Pemilihan dari bahan perekat braket langsung perlu mempertimbangkan kuat rekat geser dari bahan tersebut, agar waktu perawatan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah diperkirakan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan perbandingan nilai rata-rata kuat rekat geser perekat braket langsung yang berbahan dasar komposit (Unite) dan glas ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC) menggunakan alat "mechanical testing machine" Shimadzu AG-5000 dengan "cross head speed" 5 mm/menit. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan u j i t menunjukkan bahwa kuat rekat geser braket logam yang direkatkan dengan bahan dasar komposit (Unite) berbeda bermakna dengan kuat rekat geser braket logam yang direkatkan dengan bahan dasar glas ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC) (t=7,909 p < 0,05). "

"The incidence of loose brackets during orthodontic treatment has reached 5%; therefore, loose brackets should be rebonded. Rebonding without etching might decrease chair time without compromising bond strength. The objective of the study was to determine the shear bond strength and tensile bond strength of rebonded brackets without etching, in comparison with corresponding strength when using prior enamel etching. Forty human first upper premolar brackets were used as samples, divided into two groups. Group A (20 samples) were used to assess tensile bond strength, and group B (20) samples) to assess shear bond strength. Each group was tested twice with Universal testing Machine Shimadzu AG-5000. Test i was carried out to measure tensile and shear bond strength of brackets which were bonded after enamel etching, by pulling the brackets until loose. Test II was carried out to measure tensile and shear bond strength of brackets that were bonded without prior etching of the enamel, again by pulling the brackets until loose. The results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the two groups. Test II demonstrated significantly different tensile bond strength when compared to test I. Tensile and shear bond strength values of the bonding agent on rebonded bracket without etching were lower than tensile and shear bond strength values of the bonding agent in case of bonding with etching. However, even though the score decreased, it was still above the minimal score required for a bonding agent."

"This book offering advantages in design, efficiency, treatment time, and retention, self-ligating brackets have become a major part of modern orthodontic practice. Self-Ligating Brackets in Orthodontics: Current Concepts and Techniques summarizes all information and clinical studies on these popular systems, integrating them with the authors' practical, hands-on experience. From materials and mechanics, to diagnostic and therapeutic principles, to step-by-step treatment techniques, the book is a visual guide and compendium to this groundbreaking field."

"Latar Belakang: Prosedur bonding braket dengan teknik transiluminasi menjadi salah satu alternatif teknik penyinaran pada segmen posterior gigi yang dinilai memiliki akses dan pandangan yang terbatas. Hingga saat ini, masih terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai tingkat keberhasilan bonding braket dengan teknik ini. Belum ada standarisasi mengenai arah penyinaran, waktu penyinaran dan besar intensitas light-curing unit dalam bonding braket dengan teknik transiluminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai kuat rekat geser pada polimerisasi bahan adhesif dengan teknik transiluminasi pada prosedur bonding braket logam gigi premolar terhadap berbagai intensitas light-curing unit LED. Metode: Dua puluh empat gigi premolar dibagi secara acak kedalam 3 kelompok menggunakan light-curing unit LED dengan intensitas 1000, 1300 dan 3200 mW/cm2. Waktu penyinaran disesuaikan dengan petunjuk teknis alat. Penyinaran braket dilakukan dari arah oklusal dan lingual gigi premolar pada semua kelompok. Spesimen direndam dalam larutan akuades setelah bonding kemudian disimpan didalam inkubator dengan suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Uji kuat rekat geser dilakukan menggunakan mesin uji universal dengan beban automatic 5kN dan crosshead speed 0.5 mm/menit. Hasil: Nilai rerata kuat rekat geser braket logam pada kelompok LED intensitas 1000, 1300 dan 3200 mW/cm2 secara berurutan adalah 9,33±2.12 MPa, 13,34±2.66 MPa, dan 9,82±2,13 MPa. Kelompok 2 (intensitas 1300 mW/cm2) memiliki nilai kuat rekat tertinggi dibandingkan kelompok lainnya. Uji statistik menunjukan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara nilai kuat rekat geser braket logam pada LED intensitas 1300 mW/cm2 dengan intensitas 1000 mW/cm2 dan 3200 mW/cm2. Rendahnya nilai kuat rekat geser pada kelompok 3 (intensitas 3200 mW/cm2) pada penelitian ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemeliharaan light-curing unit yang digunakan sehingga mempengaruhi output intensitas cahaya. Kesimpulan: Teknik transiluminasi dengan kombinasi arah penyinaran merupakan teknik penyinaran yang efektif dan dapat diterima secara klinis pada prosedur bonding braket premolar. Ketiga intensitas yang digunakan memenuhi nilai kuat geser klinis sehingga klinisi dapat menggunakan ketiga pilihan intensitas LED tersebut. Pemeriksaan dan perawatan berkala pada light-curing unit diperlukan untuk menjaga kualitas dari perangkat yang digunakan.

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Introduction: Transillumination is an alternative technique to light-curing the posterior segment of the tooth which is considered to have limited access and vision in bracket bonding procedure. However, the effectiveness of this technique is still arguable. There is still no standardization regarding the curing direction, times and light intensity of the curing unit in the bonding bracket with the transillumination technique. This study aims to determine the differences of shear bond strength of orthodontic stainless steel braket using transillumination technique with various LED curing intensity in posterior teeth.

Methods: Twenty four premolars were divided into 3 groups using a LED curing unit with various light intensity of 1000, 1300 and 3200 mW/cm2. The curing time was adjusted to the technical instructions of the curing unit. The curing direction was performed from the occlusal and lingual surface of the premolars in all groups. The specimens were placed in distilled water after bonding and then stored in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours prior to testing. The shear bond strength test was carried out with an universal testing machine at an automatic load 5kN and crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.

Results: The average value of the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets in the LED groups with intensities of 1000, 1300 and 3200 mW/cm2 respectively were 9.33±2.12 MPa, 13.34±2.66 MPa, and 9.82±2.13 MPa. The group 2 (intensity of 1300 mW/cm2) had the highest shear bond strength value compared to other groups. There was a significant difference statistically between the shear bond strength of stainless steel brackets on LED intensity of 1300 mW/cm2 with an intensity of 1000 mW/cm2 and 3200 mW/cm2. The lower shear bond strength value of the group 3 (intensity of 3200 mW/cm2) in this study occured due to the lack of maintenance of the curing unit used which affects the light intensity output.

Conslusion: The transillumination technique with a combination of curing directions from occlusal and lingual surface of posterior teeth is an effective and clinically acceptable light curing technique for orthodontic bracket bonding procedures. The three light intensities of LED curing unit used meet the clinical shear bond strength values, therefore clinicians can use all the options above. Regular inspection and maintenance of the light-curing unit is necessary to maintain the quality of the device used."