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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The development of male hormonal contraception is based on a decrease in sperm concentration without affecting libido and sexual potency. The combination of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) + extract of Javanese long pepper (JLP) with dosages of 0.94 mg and 1.88 mg decreas es the concentration of spermatozoa. However, it remains unknown whether the combination influences body weight, hematology, and blood biochemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of DMPA + JLP extracts on the body weight, hematology, and blood biochemistry of male rats (RattusnorvegicusL.) using Sprague-Dawley strains. The research uses a completely randomized design (CRD); one group control and two treatment groups. In the first group, the castrated rats were given oral administration extracts of JLP (CJ) with doses of 0, 0.94, 1.88, 2.82, and 3.76 mg. In the second group, the rats were injected with 1.25mg DMPA and given an oral administration extract of JLP. Injection was given in week-0 and 12. Administration was conducted every day from week 7-18. Analysis of the normality and homogeneity of data is done before the ANOVA test. Data that is abnormal and not homogeneous are tested with non-parametric statistical Kruskal-Wallis. This study shows that the combination of minimal doses of DMPA and administration variousdoses of extracts of JLP does not affect body weight and hematology (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrite), and the blood biochemistry of rats, such as the values of SGPT, SGOT, HDL, and triglycerides (p< 0.05), but rather the total cholesterol and LDL (p< 0.05). Furthermore, it is concluded that the combination of the minimal dosage of DMPA and weaned various dosages of JLP extracts affect the total value and LDL cholesterol but do not influence body weight, nor hematology and blood biochemistry. Such combinations can be drawn on for asafe male contraceptive model t by taking into account the value of the total cholesterol and LDL during its use.

Abstrak :
PM2,5 atau partikulat halus adalah partikulat dengan diameter kurang dari 2,5 μm dan salah satu sumber utamanya adalah emisi gas buang dari kendaraan. Sifat dari partikulat ini dapat masuk ke alveolus dan terdifusi ke pembuluh darah kemudian dapat menyebabkan inflamasi pada sel dan mengganggu kadar normal dari beberapa biokimia tubuh yang terkandung dalam darah, seperti glukosa, insulin, hs-CRP dan biomarker pendukung berupa MDA serta TNF-α. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan antara kelompok terpajan dan tidak terpajan PM2,5 dengan keluhan gangguan pernapasan serta kadar glukosa, insulin, hs-CRP, MDA serta TNF-α. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah petugas kebersihan Jalana Raya Jenderal Sudirman sebagai kelompok terpajan PM2,5 dan petugas kebersihan FKM UI sebagai kelompok tidak terpajan PM2,5. Dilakukan pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 secara personal sampling, kuesioner dan tes darah sampel oleh laboratorium. Uji statistic yang digunakan, yaitu uji kai kuadrat dan uji t. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan antara glukosa (p=0,025), insulin (p=0,001), MDA (p=0,006) dan TNF-α (p=0,039) pada petugas kebersihan jalan raya dan petugas kebersihan FKM UI. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara keluhan pernapasan (p=0,156) dan hs-CRP (p=0,169) petugas kebersihan jalan raya dan petugas kebersihan FKM UI. ...... PM2,5 or fine particles are particles with diameter less than 2,5 μm and one of the source is gas emission from vehicles. The character of these particles can enter until in alveoli and diffuse into artery and causing cell inflammation and distract the normal biochemistry blood like amount of glucose, insulin and hs-CRP also using support biomarker MDA and TNF-α. The aim of this research is to know the differentiation between exposure group and un-exposure group of PM2,5 with respiration symptoms, glucose, insulin, hs-CRP, MDA and TNF-α in cleaning service at highway. This research is analytic descriptive with cross sectional design study. The samples are cleaning service at highway as exposure group and cleaning service at FKM UI as unexposure group. Personal sampling is used to measuring the particles, questionnair and sample blood tested by laboratorium. This research used statistical chi square test and t test. Based on research, I found a differentiation in glucose (p=0,025), insulin (p=0,001), MDA (p=0,006) and TNF-α (p=0,039) in exposure group and un-exposure group. I did not found a differentiation in respiration symptoms (p=0,156) and hs-CRP (p=0,169) in exposure group and un-exposure group.