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Abstrak :
Biosurfactant are microbially produced compounds that can reduce surface tension and interfacial tension of the aqueous system. Biosurfactant can be applied in various industrial and environmental uses as emulsifier, deterjency and oil recovery. Biosurfactant can be produced from various substrates of cassava flour wastewater, sugar and crude oil spills etcetera...

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kurkumin yang berasal dari kunyit dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami minuman, namun kurkumin sukar larut dalam air dan rentan terhadap suhu dan cahaya. Pada penelitian ini, telah diuji kemampuan mikroemulsi untuk meningkatkan kelarutan kurkumin dalam air dan meningkatkan kestabilannya terhadap suhu dan cahaya. Mikroemulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan biosurfaktan saponin dari ekstrak daun pletekan, span 20 sebagai kosurfaktan, palm oil sebagai fasa minyak, dan air. Ekstraksi daun pletekan dilakukan dengan cara maserasi. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan saponin terkandung dalam fraksi air, selanjutnya daun pletekan fraksi air dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan FTIR. Formulasi mikroemulsi optimum adalah pada perbandingan saponin terhadap span 20 Sm 9:1 v/v dan perbandingan Sm terhadap palm oil 10:1 v/v . Hasil uji dengan mikroskop optik diperoleh mikroemulsi tipe minyak dalam air M/A . Mikroemulsi memiliki ukuran partikel antara 5,615-15,69 nm hasil pengujian dengan Particle Size Analyzer PSA . Solubilisasi kurkumin mengalami peningkatan dari 0,0004 mg/mL, menjadi 5,2 mg/mL dalam mikroemulsi. Kurkumin dalam mikroemulsi memiliki kestabilan yang lebih tinggi terhadap suhu, cahaya, dan pH dibandingkan kurkumin tanpa mikroemulsi.

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ABSTRAK
Curcumin which comes from turmeric can be used as natural dyes, but curcumin difficult to soluble in water and not stable with temperature and light. In this study, microemulsion ability has been tested to increase solubility of curcumin in water and improve its stability to the influence of temperature and light. Microemulsion was prepared with biosurfactant saponin from leaf extract of Ruellia tuberosa L., span 20 as cosurfactant, palm oil as oil phase, and water. Leaf extraction of Ruellia tuberosa L. has been done with maceration. Phytochemical analysis showed that there was saponins which contained in the water fraction, and was characterized with UV Vis spectrofotometer, and FTIR spectroscopy. The optimum formulation microemulsion was obtained with ratio of saponin with span 20 Sm 9 1 v v and ratio of Sm with palm oil 10 1 v v . The result of optic microscope showed that the type of microemulsion was oil in water O W microemulsion. Microemulsion has droplet size with range 5,615 15,69 nm by instrument particle size analyzer PSA . Curcumin solubilization increased from 0,0004 mg mL to 5,2 mg mL in microemulsion. Curcumin in microemulsion has a higher stability against temperature, light, and pH than curcumin without microemulsion.

Abstrak :
Azotobacter chroococcum has a great potential as biosurfactant producing bacteria and was used as co-inoculant to promote the rate hydrocarbon biodegration....

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The decrease in oil production is caused by the ageing of oil production wells. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is proven to increase oil reserves and production in mature oil fields. One EOR technology that has proven to be efficient in increasing oil production is microbial EOR by using biosurfactant. The most effective biosurfactant is rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the bacteria of which can lower the interfacial tension between the petroleum and water. In biosurfactant's production thanks to these bacteria, the substrate as the source of carbon in the fermentation process is needed. The sources of carbon used in this study are glucose, glycerol, molasses,banana peels, and waste cooking oil. This research aims to determine the most optimum carbon sources to produce biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using Busnell Hass medium as a liquid medium of bacterial growth. Biosurfactant's production result are: 74mb/L from glucose; 63mg/L from banana peels; 66mg/L from glycerol; 85mg/L from waste cooking oil; and 64mg/L of molasses with the following decreasing surface tension: 33.55 mN/m from glucose; 32.51 mN/m from banana peels; 27.55 mN/m from glycerol; 22.46 mN/m from waste cooking oil; and 31.49 mN/m from molasses are as follows: 15.2 mN/m; 13.78 mN/m; 8:15 mN/m; 0.14 mN/m; and 11.2 mN/m respectively.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Biosurfaktan adalah agen aktif permukaan (surfaktan) yang dapat menurunkan tegangan permukaan minyak dan dapat digunakan dalam peningkatan perolehan minyak bumi secara hayati (Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery / MEOR). Bakteri Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 diharapkan dapat bertahan pada kondisi reservoir yang memiliki suhu dan salinitas tinggi sehingga cocok untuk digunakan dalam MEOR. Uji potensi dengan media agar darah menunjukkan hemolisis tipe alfa (α) yang menunjukkan adanya biosurfaktan yang diproduksi oleh bakteri Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4. Kultur starter optimum didapatkan setelah pertumbuhan selama 6 jam. Komposisi POME yang digunakan dianalisis dengan GC-MS dan didapatkan susunan utamanya adalah asam oleat dan asam palmitat. Kondisi optimum produksi biosurfaktan pada konsentrasi POME (v/v) 20%, suhu 65°C, pH 8 dan konsentrasi NaCl (w/v) 7% dengan nilai ODA 1,382 cm dan nilai IFT 1,817 dyne/cm. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus asam karboksilat ataupun ester yang mengindikasikan jenis biosurfaktan asam lemak.

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ABSTRACT
Biosurfactant is surface active agents (surfactant) that is able to reduce surface tension of oil and can be utilized for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4 is a strain of microorganism that is able to survive in high temperature and salinity as in oil reservoirs, which will be suitable for MEOR. Hemolysis assay with blood agar showed alpha type hemolysis that indicated biosurfactant produced by Halomonas meridiana BK-AB4. The optimum starter culture is obtained after 6 hours of culitvation. Composition of POME is analyzed with GC-MS which primarily consisted of oleic acid and palmitic acid. Optimum biosurfactant production is at POME concentration (v/v) of 20%, 65°C temperature, pH 8 and NaCl concentration (w/v) of 7% with ODA value 1.382 cm and IFT 1,817 dyne/cm. FT-IR analysis showed functional groups of carboxylic acid or ester which indicated fatty acid class biosurfactant.