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Abstrak :
Three terpenoids, including two diterpenes (curcusone B and atrophone) and a triterpene (stigmasterol) have been isolated from the stem bark of Jatropha plants.Curcusone B and stigmasterol were isolated from J. curcas, meanwhile jatrophone and stigmasterol were from J. gossypifolia. The biological activities of these compounds have been evaluated toward bacteria, fungi and tumour cells. Isolation was carried out in vacuum liqiud cromatography (VLC) technique with silica gel as an adsorben and some solvents as eluents. The compound structures were determined by spectroscopic methodes i.e. UV-vis, FTIR, NMR (1-D, 2-D) and were then compared based on their spectroscopic data with similiar data from literatures. The biological properties of these compounds were evaluated against four strains of bacteria (Acetobacter sp., Eschericia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus sp.), 4 strains of fungi (Aspergilus niger, Penicillium sp. (grey), Penicillium sp. (white) and Rhizopus sp.) and murine leukemia P-388 cells. The results showed that cytotoxic property of curcusone B towards murine leukemia P-388 cells is better than jatrophone and stigmasterol which are IC50= 0.57μ g/mL (1.93μM) for curcusone B and IC50> 100μg/mL for jatrophone and stigmasterol. Meanwhile, activities against bacteria, jatrophon e is better than curcusone B and stigmasterol. Jatrophone is the most active against S. aureus (bacteria) with growth inhibition zone 36 mm and A.niger (fungi) is 44 mm. Further study indicated that jatrophone was bacteriostatic against S. aureus.

Abstrak :
Dari ekstrak n-heksana yang berasal dari talus Ramalina inflata, Hook, & Tayl tanaman tersebut di kumpulkan/diperoleh dari Taman Nasional Botani, Seblat, Gunung Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Sumatra, berhasil diisolasi (+) - asam usnat dalam bentuk kristal jarum berwarna kuning. Sedangkan dari ekstrak aseton berhasil diisolasi suatu senyawa baru dalam bentuk kristal putih, yang diduga merupakan turunan dari asam norstiktat, dimana strukturnya ditetapkan berdasarkan data spektrum 1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR serta massa. Diduga cincin D dari senyawa baru tersebut dibentuk oleh α, β, -δ- lakton (cincin 6), sedangkan cincin D dari asam norstiktat dibentuk dari cincin α, β, -γ-lakton tidak jenuh. Ada kemungkinan bentuk lain dari struktur senyawa B, dimana gugus metilenanya berada pada cincin depsidon (lingkar 8, sedangkan pada cincin depsidon normal terbentuk dari lingkar 7). Oleh karena itu senyawa baru tersebut diusulkan diberi nama asam norstiktat A. Sifat anti bakteri dari (+) -asam usnat sudah diketahui dan dikenal, sedangkan pada penelitian ini senyawa baru tersebut diketahui tidak mempunyai aktivitas biologi.

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From the n-hexane extracto£ the Ramalina inf lata's thallus, that is collected from the Seblat-National Botanical Garden, Mount Kerinci, West Sumatra, has been isolated usnic acid as light yellow crystal. Whereas from the acetone extract has been isolated a new compound as white crystal with structure as derivative from the norstictic acid. Its structure is established by nmr-and mass spectral data. The D-ring of the norstictic acid is formed by α, β, -unsaturated- γ-lactone, whereas the new compound is formed by α, β, -unsaturated- γ-lactone. Another possibilities are, the B compound from the depsidone ring is formed by eight ring, that means methylene group belongs to the depsidone ring. Normally depsidone ring is formed by seventh ring. So that we give the name for this new compound is norstictic acid A. The Biological activities of usnic acid is well known, but unfortunately the new isolated compound has no biological activities.

Abstrak :
Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (petai cina) merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh subur dan tersebar di wilayah tropis dan subtropis. Tanaman ini banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia, namun penggunaannya dibatasi akibat kandungan mimosin di dalamnya yang bersifat toksik. Di sisi lain, mimosin memiliki aktivitas biologis seperti antimikroba, antiinflamasi, antikanker, antitumor, antifibrosis, antivirus, dan bioherbisida. Hal menarik diketahui bahwa belakangan ini ada penelitian yang menjadikan mimosin sebagai senyawa utama yang dikembangkan sebagai inhibitor spesifik RAC/CDC42- activated kinase 1 untuk pengobatan kanker. Pada penelitian ini, senyawa mimosin diekstraksi dari biji petai cina menggunakan pelarut NADES berbasis kolin klorida-asam organik menggunakan Ultrasound Asissted Extraction (UAE). Hasil yang didapat akan dibandingkan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 30%. Optimasi kondisi ekstraksi NADES-UAE ditentukan melalui metode analisis Response Surface Methodology oleh aplikasi Design Expert-12. Optimasi dilakukan pada kombinasi pelarut terbaik. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan kombinasi kolin klorida-asam laktat sebagai pelarut terbaik yang akan dioptimasi kondisi ekstraksinya terhadap tiga variabel yaitu penambahan air pada NADES (40, 60, dan 80%), waktu ekstraksi (20, 30, dan 40 menit), dan rasio pelarut terhadap serbuk (5, 10, dan 15 mL/g). Penetapan kadar senyawa mimosin dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum 534 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar tertinggi senyawa mimosin yang didapatkan pada ekstrak UAE-NADES berbasis kolin klorida-asam laktat sebesar 28,79 mg/g serbuk dengan kondisi penambahan air pada NADES sebanyak 80%, waktu ekstraksi 30 menit, dan rasio pelarut terhadap serbuk sebanyak 15 mL/g, sedangkan kadar yang didapatkan pada ekstrak maserasi-etanol 30% sebanyak 13,49 mg/g serbuk. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan ekstraksi UAE-NADES berbasis kolin klorida-asam laktat lebih efektif menarik senyawa mimosin dari biji petai cina dibandingkan dengan penggunaan ekstraksi maserasi-etanol 30%. ......Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (petai cina) is a plant that thrives in tropical and subtropical areas. This plant is widely used as fodder for ruminants, but its used is limited due to the content of mimosine in it which is toxic. On the other hand, mimosine has biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, antifibrosis, antiviral, and bioherbicide. It is interesting that recently there have been studies that have made mimosine to the main compound developed as a specific inhibitor of RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1 for the treatment of cancer. In this study, mimosine compounds will be extracted from petai cina seeds using NADES based on choline chloride-organic acid and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). The results obtained will be compared with maceration method with 30% ethanol as solvent. Optimization is carried out on the best combination of solvents. In this study, the combination of choline chloride-lactic acid was found as the best solvent which will optimize the extraction conditions for three variables, the addition of water to NADES (40, 60, and 80%), extraction time (20, 30, and 40 minutes), and the ratio solvent to powders (5, 10, and 15 mL/g). The determination of mimosine levels was carried out using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 534 nm. The results showed that the highest levels of mimosine compounds obtained in UAE-NADES extract based on choline chloride-lactic acid were 28.79 mg/g powder with the condition of adding water to NADES as much as 80%, extraction time of 30 minutes, and the ratio of solvent to powder is 15 mL/g, while the concentration obtained in 30% maceration-ethanol extract was 13.49 mg/g powder. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of UAE-NADES extraction based on choline chloride-lactic acid is more effective for extracting mimosine compounds from petai cina seeds compared to the use of maceration-ethanol 30% extraction.