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Abstrak :
Biocomposite fiberboards using thermoplastic adhesive polymer white glue polyvinyl acetate and two types of natural fibers, rice straw and coir fibers, were made by vacuum bag moulding. The influences of fiber loading on the biocomposite?s tensile and behavior to water properties were investigated. Prior to the fabrication of the biocomposite the natural fibers were treated using the the alkali process by soaking the fibers in NaOH 5%. Three kind of fiber board were fabricated, a biocomposite with a variation of rice straw fiber loading, a biocomposite with a mixture of 50% rice straw and 50% coir whose fiber loading was also varied, and last a biocompsite with a 30% fiber loading mixture with a variation of coir fiber loading. The biocomposites fabricated had a gradual increase of tensile strength to an optimum fiber loading which after drops with the increase of fiber loading. Rice straw based composites had an optimum fiber loading of 30% percent and the the composite with a mixture of 50% rice straw and 50% coir dah an optimum fiber loading of 35%. The increase of fiber loading also increase the water content and the water absorption for all biocomposites fabricated. The study showed that rice straw and coir fibers may not work well with PVAc as reinforcing filler but showed similar trends when varying the fiber loading with other using natural fibers.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Plastik sebagai bahan kemasan dan coating mengalami peningkatan global setiap tahun. Ini menimbulkan masalah serius bagi lingkungan karena sulitnya terdegradasi. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah limbah plastik adalah penggunaan bioplastik. Untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanik dari bioplastik, biokomposit yang dibuat dengan penambahan aditif dan pengisi tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Butil Benzyl Phthalate plasticizer BBP dan Seng Oksida ZnO nanopartikel terhadap sifat mekanik dan termal biokomposit selulosa asetat butirat CAB / organoclay.Nanopartikel ZnO disintesis dari prekursor ZnO komersial melalui metode reduksi ukuran sol-gel menggunakan asam sitrat. Seng sitrat dikalsinasi pada suhu 600oC. ZnO nanopartikel dengan ukuran rata-rata 44,4 nm diperoleh pada rasio seng nitrat 1:2 terhadap asam sitrat. Film biokomposit dibuat dengan menggunakan metode solution casting dengan aseton sebagai pelarut. Penambahan plasticizer BBP dan nanopartikel ZnO sebesar masing-masing 30 dan 10 membuat biokomposit memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik 2,22 MPa. Pergeseran nilai suhu transisi gelas Tg selulosa asetat butirat tidak dapat terlihat dikarenakan homogenitas biokomposit saat proses casting.

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ABSTRACT
Plastics as packaging materials and coatings have increased globally every year. This poses a serious problem for the environment because of the difficulty to degrade. One solution to overcome the problem of plastic waste is the use of bioplastics. To improve the mechanical properties of bioplastics, biocomposites are fabricated with the addition of certain additives and fillers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plasticizer Butyl Benzyl Phthalate BBP and Zinc Oxide ZnO nanoparticles to the mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposite cellulose acetate butyrate CAB organoclay.ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from a commercial ZnO precursor through sol gel method to reduce the size using citric acid. Zinc citrate was calcined at a temperature of 600oC. ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of 44.4 nm were obtained at a mole ratio of zinc nitrate citric acid was 1 2. Biocomposite films were made by solution casting method using acetone as the solvent. The addition of plasticizer BBP and ZnO nanoparticles by 30 and 10 respectively in the biocomposites produced a tensile strength of 2,223 MPa. Shifting value of the glass transition temperature Tg of cellulose acetate butyrate could not been observed due to the homogeneity of the biocomposite during the process of casting.