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Abstrak :
The increasing prices of commercial lubricants and global attention towards a green environment have become the key issues to re-think about alternatives to commercially available lubricants. With these prospects in mind, vegetable oils can be utilized as an option to commercially available lubricants, due to their biodegradable and nontoxic nature. Moreover, they possess certain advantages like lower volatility and high flash/ fire points, higher viscosity index, excellent lubricity and cost savings. These properties of bio-lubricants are more often considered as important in the preparation of various bio-fuels. So far bio-lubricants have been employed in the preparation and testing of bio-fuels for various automotive applications. The primary aim of this study is to infer a novel application of bio-lubricants in the subject area of machining. During machining, machinability and performance are most frequently determined by the friction and wear characteristics of the tool and workpiece materials. In this work, first friction and wear characteristics of bio-lubricants (blended vegetable oils in various proportions) formulated from Palm and Mahua oils have been investigated using a Pin-on-Disk wear testing machine. A bio-lubricant (composed of blended vegetable oils) is synthesized by using two base oils and blending them in different possible proportions. The tribological properties have been studied over an AISI 1040 Steel disc specimen with aluminium pins under various bio-lubricant environments using the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE). During the study, it was observed that the abrasive and adhesive wear were the main wear mechanisms that occurred in the tests. The results have shown that total wear of the test specimens under all machining conditions for 90% Mahua and 10% Palm blended oil combination is found to be at a minimum.

Abstrak :
Due to increased environmental sensitivity, renewable-based lubricants, and food grade lubricants are being considered potential alternatives to petroleum-based lubricants. Understanding of bio-lubricant in relation to abrasive wear is essential for using ball bearings in industrial implementation. This study focused on wear mechanism on ball bearings lubricated by bio-lubricants. Palm oil and coconut oils were used in this study. Coconut oils were made by two processes, namely dry and wet processing, resulting in three types of oil (virgin coconut oil [VCO], refined coconut oil [RCO], and hydrogenated coconut oil [HCO]). Full-scale bearing life tests were conducted with 300 N load with 2,840 rpm for 6 hours. Method of lubrication was circulating oil by using pump injection to the self-aligning ball bearings. The results show that the main wear mechanism, which impacted on the surfaces of inner race, outer race, and ball for different bio-lubricants, were abrasive and adhesive wear. It found that the abrasion rate was the least severe for VCO. The discrepancies of worn surfaces are thought to be as a result of the physical and chemical properties of bio-lubricants.

Abstrak :
RBDPO olein yang dikenal sebagai minyak sawit adalah minyak nabati yang memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan minyak pelumas. Untuk mencapai sifat pelumas perlu dilakukan beberapa tahap reaksi, yaitu: trans-esterifikasi, epoksidasi, dan reaksi pembukaan cincin. Pada penelitian ini akan dibuat pelumas bio dengan skala pilot sebanyak 10 liter, dengan sistem rektor batch menggunakan tangki berpengaduk dengan kapasitas 18 liter, ukuran diameter 25 cm dan tinggi 37 cm. Pelumas yang akan dibuat dalam skala pilot ini dinamakan EFAME (Epoxide Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Gliserol. Penelitian skala pilot ini merupakan keberlanjutan dari hasil penelitian skala laboratorium yang dinilai berhasil membuat EFAME Gliserol. Hasil penelitian skala pilot ini diuji dengan FTIR, GCMS, uji bilangan iodin, viskositas, dan densitas, hasil uji scan FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya ikatan C-OH pada produk akhir yang berasal dari EFAME Gliserol. Sehingga, dapat diketahui bahwa penelitian ini EFAME gliserol berhasil terbentuk pada reaksi pembukaan cincin selama 5 jam dengan viskositas 12,6897cSt dan densitas 0,9039g/ml. Pada penelitian skala pilot ini selain dilakukan penambahan waktu reaksi pembukaan cincin dilakukan pula variasi penggunaan katalis pada reaksi pembukaan cincin untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap densitas dan viskositas produk yang terbentuk. Katalis yang digunakan pada reaksi pembukaan cincin yaitu: H-zeolit granular, H-zeolit bubuk, H3PO4 1%, dan H2SO4 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan densitas EFAME Gliserol yang terbentuk dengan penggunaan katalis H-zeolit granular, H-zeolit bubuk, H3PO4 1%, dan H2SO4 1% secara berurutan adalah 0,9046 g/ml, 0,8999 g/ml, 0,9188 g/ml, dan 0,9210 g/ml. Sedangkan viskositasnya (40_C) secara berurutan: 14,1615 cSt, 8,8577 cSt, 16,3300 cSt, dan 23,7111 cSt. ......RBDPO Oleine which is known as palm oil is vegetation oil owning potency to be made a lubricating oil. To reach the property of lubricant require some reacting phase, that is: trans-esterification, epoxidation, and ring opening reaction. At this research will be made bio lubricant with pilot scale as much 10 liter, with batch rector system use tank with 18 liter capacities, diameter 25 cm and height 37 cm. Bio lubricant to be made in this pilot scale named EFAME (Epoxide Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) Glycerol. Research in this pilot scale is continuation from result of laboratory assessed to succeed to make EFAME Glycerol. Result of pilot scale tested by FTIR, GCMS, iodine number test, viscosity, and density, result of scan FTIR test show formed tying of C-OH of final product which is from EFAME Glycerol. So that, knowable that at this research EFAME Glycerol succeed formed at reaction of ring opening during 5 hours with viscosity 12,6897cSt and density 0,9039g/ml. At this pilot scale research besides done time addition for ring opening reaction also variation of catalyst using for ring opening reaction to know its influence at viscosity and density of the product. catalysts that used at ring opening reaction that is: H-zeolite Granular, H-zeolite Powder, H3PO4 1%, and H2SO4 1%. Result or the experiment show alternately density of EFAME Glycerol formed with use of catalyst H-zeolite granular, H-Zeolite powder, H3PO4 1%, and H2SO4 1% are 0,9046 g/ml, 0,8999 g/ml, 0,9188 g/ml, and 0,9210 g/ml. While viscosity (40_C) alternately: 14,1615 cSt, 8,8577 cSt, 16,3300 cSt, and 23,7111 cSt.