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Abstrak :
Owa kelawat (Hylobates muelleri) merupakan salah satu spesies owa yang berasal dari Kalimantan. Owa kelawat termasuk primata diurnal, arboreal, dan lebih menyukai buah-buahan. Keberadaan owa memiliki peran penting bagi kehidupan di sekitar kawasan hutan. Semakin maraknya perburuan liar dan rusaknya habitat, mengakibatkan adanya penurunan populasi sehingga owa kelawat tergolong satwa dilindungi dan berstatus Endangered (En) menurut IUCN. Owa kelawat termasuk satwa monogami yang memiliki pola pengasuhan biparental, yaitu pengasuhan dilakukan oleh induk betina maupun induk jantan. Ada beberapa kebun binatang yang memisahkan induk betina dengan induk jantan dari kandang dengan alasan untuk memudahkan pemeriksaan bayi satwa dan mengantisipasi kejadian tidak terduga misalnya induk jantan menyerang anak (infanticide), salah satunya di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka. Kebijakan pemisahan antara induk betina dengan induk jantan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka hanya dipisahkan secara barrier fisik tetapi masih dapat saling melihat satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku harian dari betina serta mengamati interaksi individu betina terhadap jantan owa kelawat yang berada pada kandang terpisah di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka. Subjek penelitian, yaitu satu individu betina (+20 tahun) dalam kondisi satu kandang dengan anaknya (2 tahun) yang merupakan hasil keturunan dengan jantan (+15 tahun) yang berada pada kandang sebelah yang dipisahkan secara fisik namun masih dapat saling melihat. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 20 pengulangan dari April sampai Mei 2023 mulai pukul 09.00 – 14.00 WIB. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu focal animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perilaku harian betina yang teramati terdiri dari istirahat (79,68%), autogrooming (5,65%), vokalisasi (4,95%), makan (4,40%), bergerak (2,68%), menyusui (2,32%), dan menggendong (0,32%), sedangkan untuk perilaku agonistik tidak ditemukan selama pengamatan berlangsung dan untuk perilaku interaksi yang teramati, yaitu sitting close (63,31%), allogrooming (36,65%), dan body contact (0,04%). Keberadaan pengunjung memiliki dampak netral bagi satwa. Implementasi The Five Freedoms di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka terlaksana dengan baik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perilaku harian tertinggi yaitu istirahat dan individu betina owa kelawat masih memiliki ketertarikan kepada individu jantan. ......Kelawat gibbon (Hylobates muelleri) is a species of gibbon originating from Kalimantan. The gibbon kelawat includes diurnal, arboreal primates, and prefers fruits. The existence of gibbons has an important role for life around forest areas. The increasing prevalence of poaching and habitat destruction has resulted in a decline in population so that the gibbon is classified as a protected animal and has Endangered (En) status according to the IUCN. The kelawat gibbon is a monogamous animal that has a bi-parental parenting pattern, in which parental care is carried out by either the female or the male parent. There are several zoos that separate the female and male parents from the cages for the reason of facilitating medical check-ups of baby animals and anticipating unexpected events, for example the male parent attacking the child (infanticide), one of which is at the Gembira Loka Zoo. The separation policy between female and male parents at the Gembira Loka Zoo is only separated by a physical barrier but they can still see each other. This study aims to analyze the daily behavior of females and observe the interactions of individual females with male gibbons in separate cages at the Gembira Loka Zoo. The research subject was a female individual (+20 years) in the same cage with her child (2 years) who was the result of offspring with a male (+15 years) who were in the next cage which were physically separated but could still see each other. This research was conducted for 20 repetitions from April to May 2023 from 09.00 – 14.00 WIB. The methods in this study were focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Based on the results of the research, the observed female daily behavior consisted of resting (79,68%), autogrooming (5,65%), vocalization (4,95%), eating (4,40%), moving (2,68%), breastfeeding (2,32%), and carrying (0,32%), while for agonistic behavior was not found during the observation and for the observed interaction behavior, namely sitting close (63,31%), allogrooming (36,65%) , and body contact (0,04%). The presence of visitors has a neutral impact on animals. The implementation of The Five Freedoms at the Gembira Loka Zoo is well done. The conclusion of this study is that the highest daily behavior is resting and the female gibbon kelawat still has an interest in the male individual.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap empat individu lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) jantan dan betina di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati interaksi individu jantan dan betina lutung jawa serta menganalisis kondisi pengelolaannya berdasarkan indikator kesejahteraan satwa di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Interaksi yang diamati adalah interaksi dari lima pasangan, yaitu P1 (jantan 1 dan betina 1), P2 (jantan 2 dan betina 2), P3 (jantan 1 dan betina 2), P4 (jantan 2 dan betina 1), serta P5 (jantan 1 dan jantan 2).  Pengamatan interaksi dilakukan dengan metode scan sampling dan ad libitum dalam interval waktu 5 menit tanpa jeda. Kondisi kesejahteraan dilihat berdasarkan pengamatan langsung dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan frekuensi interaksi perilaku afiliatif dan seksual paling besar terjadi pada pasangan jantan 1 dan betina 1, sedangkan interaksi perilaku agonistik paling sering terjadi antara jantan 1 dan jantan 2. Kesejahteraan lutung jawa di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margsatwa Ragunan termasuk sangat baik, namun ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan seperti luas kandang peragaan dan konsistensi jenis serta berat pakan sesuai untuk menghindari konflik antara individu. Jumlah pengunjung tidak memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan sebagian besar perilaku lutung jawa. Berdasarkan hasil Uji Korelasi Jenjang Spearman, jumlah pengunjung hanya berkorelasi signifikan terhahap perilaku sitting close dan allogrooming (sig.< 0,05). ...... Research has been carried out on four Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) at the Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. This study was conducted to observe the interaction of individual male and female javan langurs and analyze the management conditions based on animal welfare indicators in the Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. The interactions observed were the interactions of five pairs, namely P1 (male 1 and female 1), P2 (male 2 and female 2), P3 (male 1 and female 2), P4 (male 2 and female 1), and P5 (male 1 and male 2). Interaction observations were carried out using scan sampling and ad libitum methods at 5 minute intervals without pause. Welfare conditions are seen based on direct observations and interviews. Based on the observation, highest frequency of the interaction of affiliative and sexual behavior occurred in the male 1 and female 1 pair, while the agonistic behavior interaction occurred most frequently between male 1 and male 2. The welfare of the Javan langur at the Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan is very good, but there are several things that need to be considered such as the area of ​​the display cage and the consistency of the type and weight of the feed to avoid conflict between individuals. The number of visitors doesn’t have significant correlation with most behaviors of javan langurs. According to the result of Spearman Rank Correlation test, number of visitors was significantly correlated only with sitting close and allogrooming behavior (sig. < 0,05).

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: Hampir 85% kasus karsinoma ovarium terjadi overekspresi endothelin-1 (ET-1) yang memodulasi persinyalan tumorigenesis dan metastasis. Disisi lain, cisplatin sebagai kemoterapi kanker ovarium menimbulkan efek samping dan resistensi terapi. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan kurkumin berpotensi sebagai antikanker yang meningkatkan efikasi cisplatin dan menekan overekspresi ET-1 pada lini sel nonkanker. Namun, belum banyak penelitian yang mengidentifikasi penekanan ekspresi ET-1 oleh kurkumin dalam regimen terapi bersama cisplatin di kanker ovarium. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efek ko-kemoterapi kurkumin bersama cisplatin pada kanker ovarium terkait ekspresi relatif mRNA ET-1. Metode: Jaringan ovarium tersimpan dari 24 tikus betina galur Wistar dibagi kedalam 4 kelompok: tikus yang hanya dibedah dan diberi aquadest (sham), tikus yang diimplantasi DMBA tanpa intervensi terapi, tikus yang diimplantasi DMBA dan diberi terapi tunggal cisplatin intraperitoneal 4 mg/kgBB/minggu, tikus yang diimplantasi DMBA dengan diberi terapi cisplatin 4 mg/kgBB/minggu dan kurkumin oral 100 mg/kgBB/hari. Implantasi DMBA dilakukan selama 28 minggu dan intervensi pada hewan coba selama 4 minggu. Setelah itu, jaringan ovarium tersimpan dianalisis ekspresi relatif mRNA ET-1 dengan mesin qRT-PCR menggunakan metode Livak-Schmittgen (2(-Ct)). Hasil: Didapatkan rerata ekspresi relatif mRNA ET-1 [p=0,021] pada kelompok sham (0,349±0,24), kelompok DMBA (3,117±1,532), kelompok DMBA+cisplatin (0,993±0,651), dan kelompok DMBA+kurkumin+cisplatin (0,117±0,081). Ketiga kelompok tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna dibandingkan sham. Meski demikian, terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok kombinasi cisplatin serta ko-kemoterapi kurkumin dengan kelompok tanpa intervensi terapi [p=0,019]. Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan ekspresi relatif mRNA endothelin-1 di jaringan ovarium model tikus yang diinduksi DMBA setelah pemberian kombinasi cisplatin dan ko-kemoterapi kurkumin. ......Introduction: Endothelin-1 overexpression happens in 85% ovarian carcinoma cases that modulate metastatic and tumorigenesis. Meanwhile, cisplatin as ovarian cancer chemotherapy cause side effects and therapy resistances. Prior studies show potential effect of curcumin as an anticancer could enhance cisplatin efficacy and attenuate ET-1 overexpression in non-cancer cell lines. However, not many studies have identified suppression effect of ET-1 expression by curcumin with cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify the effect of curcumin with cisplatin in ovarian cancer treatment especially its relation to relative expression of ET-1 mRNA. Methods: Frozen ovarian tissue samples from 24 female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: a group that only operated on and treated with distilled-water (sham), group with DMBA-implantation, group with DMBA-implantation and intraperitoneal cisplatin 4mg/kgBW/week, group with DMBA-implantation and cisplatin with same dose as before plus oral curcumin 100mg/kgBW/day. After 28 weeks of DMBA-implantation and 4 weeks of intervention, frozen ovarian tissue samples were taken to measure its relative expression of ET-1 mRNA level with qRT-PCR machine. Results: The mean of relative expression of ET-1 mRNA level [p=0,021] in frozen tissue sample of sham group (0,349±0,24), DMBA-implantation group (3,117±1,532), DMBA+cisplatin-treated group (0,993±0,651), and DMBA+curcumin+cisplatin-treated group (0,117±0,081). This study shows those 3 groups did not have significant difference compared with sham. But among group with cisplatin+curcumin-treated compared to DMBA-implantation shows a significant difference (p=0,019). Conclusion: The relative expression of ET-1 mRNA in ovarian tissue of DMBA-induced rats model decreases after given by a combination of cisplatin+curcumin co-chemotherapy.

Abstrak :
Perempuan kerap mengalami opresi dari berbagai pihak, dan suara perempuan terbungkam karena minimnya akses kepada proses produksi di industri media. Karenanya, perempuan membutuhkan ruang komunikasi agar suaranya tidak terus-menerus dibungkam oleh habitus patriarkis. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana proses yang dialami perempuan anggota kolektif alternatif sampai akhirnya mereka berupaya melakukan feminine writing, dengan Kolektif Betina sebagai studi kasus. Pendekatan kualitatif dan paradigma konstruktivisme dipilih sebagai desain penelitian. Dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam bersama 7 informan, mengumpukan dokumen pendukung, dan melakukan observasi sosial, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Kolektif Betina merupakan sebuah bentuk sisterhood sekaligus fase dimana perempuan di dalamnya belajar melakukan rekonstruksi pengetahuan tentang solidaritas perempuan. Anggota Kolektif Betina telah melalui tiga tahap; kapitulasi, revitalisasi, dan radikalisasi, sebelum akhirnya memutuskan untuk menciptakan ruang melalui praktik bermedia untuk melakukan feminine writing. Tambahan temuan menarik dalam penelitian adalah mengenai pengaruh skena punk terhadap feminine writing anggota Kolektif Betina.

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Women often experience oppressions from various different parties, and their voices are muted because of the limited access to production stage within the media industries. Therefore, women need communication spaces so their voices would not be perpetually silenced by the patriarchal habitus. This research observes how women who are affiliated with alternative collective seek to perform feminine writing, with Kolektif Betina as its case study. Qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm are used in this research. By conducting in depth interview, collecting supporting data, and doing media observations, this research finds that Kolektif Betina is a form of sisterhood, in which the members learn to reconstruct their knowledge about women rsquo s solidarity. These women had underwent three stages capitulation, revitalization, and radicalization, before finally decided to occupy spaces through media practices to perform feminine writing. An interesting addition to the findings is about the influence of punk scene in these women rsquo s feminine writing.

Abstrak :
Beruang madu (Helarctos malayanus) merupakan salah satu spesies dari Famili Ursidae dan dapat ditemukan di Pulau Sumatra dan Kalimantan. Ancaman yang dihadapi beruang madu di habitat alaminya menyebabkan diperlukannya lembaga konservasi ex-situ untuk melestarikan dan memastikan kesejahteraan beruang madu. Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka merupakan salah satu lembaga konservasi ex-situ yang berada di Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Beruang madu merupakan hewan soliter di alam, sedangkan beruang madu di penangkaran dapat ditempatkan di kandang yang sama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menambah informasi mengenai interaksi antara sepasang beruang madu jantan dan betina dengan perbedaan usia yang mencolok yang ditempatkan di kandang peraga yang sama. Penelitian ini juga ingin mengamati perilaku reproduksi beruang madu jantan ketika ditempatkan di kandang peraga yang sama dengan beruang madu betina yang sudah melewati masa produktifnya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seekor beruang madu jantan bernama Potter (8 tahun) dan seekor beruang madu betina bernama Tutik (24 tahun). Pengamatan dilakukan di Kebun Binatang Gembira Loka selama 100 jam atau 360.000 detik dengan metode focal animal sampling. Hasil yang didapat yaitu beruang madu jantan melakukan perilaku afiliatif dengan persentase sebanyak 94,82%, agonistik sebanyak 0,00%, dan reproduktif sebanyak 5,18%. Beruang madu betina melakukan perilaku afiliatif dengan persentase sebanyak 14,55%, agonistik sebanyak 76,37%, dan reproduktif sebanyak 9,09%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah beruang madu jantan lebih banyak melakukan perilaku afiliatif (94,82%) dibandingkan agonistik (0,00%) terhadap beruang madu betina. Beruang madu betina cenderung menghindari interaksi sosial dan lebih banyak melakukan perilaku agonistik (76,37%) terhadap beruang madu jantan. Selama waktu pengamatan, perilaku reproduktif lebih banyak dilakukan beruang madu jantan (19 detik) dibandingkan beruang madu betina (5 detik). Beruang madu jantan tetap melakukan perilaku sosial normal, baik reproduktif maupun nonreproduktif, walaupun tidak dibalas dan ditolak beruang madu betina yang sudah melewati usia produktif. ......The malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is one of the species in Ursidae Family and can be found in the Island of Sumatra and Borneo. The threats that sun bears receive in its natural habitat lead to the need for ex-situ conservation to preserve and ensure the welfare of sun bears. Gembira Loka Zoo is one example of ex-situ conservation that is located at Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sun bears are known to be solitary animals in the wild, however sun bears in captivity can be placed in the same enclosure. This study was done to add information about the interaction of male and female sun bear with prominent age gap when placed in the same enclosure. This study was also conducted to observe the male reproductive behavior when placed in the same enclosure with a female sun bear that has surpassed the productive age. The subject of this study was a male sun bear named Potter (8 years old) and a female sun bear named Tutik (24 years old). Observation was done for 100 hours or 360.000 seconds with focal animal sampling method. The result of this study is the male sun bear did affiliative behavior with the percentage of 94,82%, agonistic for 0,00%, and reproductive with 5,18%. The female sun bear did affiliative behavior with the percentage of 14,55%, agonistic with 76,37%, and reproductive with 9,09%. The conclusion of this study is the male sun bear did more affiliative behavior (94,82%) than agonistic behavior (0,00%). The female sun bear tends to avoid social interactions and did a lot of agonistic behavior (76,37%) towards the male sun bear. During observation, reproductive behavior was done more by the male sun bear (19 seconds) then the female sun bear (5 seconds). The male sun bear keeps on doing normal social behavior, whether it’s reproductive or non-reproductive, even though the behavior did not reciprocated and was rejected by the female sun bear that has surpassed the productive age.