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"Benzena merupakan bahan kimia yang masih diperlukan di berbagai industri, tetapi mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan pekerjanya walaupun proses terjadinya dalam jangka waktu lama, dapat berakibat fatal. Dampak ini dapat diperkecil dengan melakukan pemantauan lingkungan kerja terpajan benzena dan kesehatan pekerjanya secara teratur. Penelitian mengenai akibat pajanan benzena di lingkungan kerja masih sedikit dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kelainan akibat pajanan benzena, yaitu hubungan antara kadar fenol urin dan kelainan darah di lingkungan kerja terpajan, hubungan antara lama keira di lingkungan kerja terpajan benzena dengan kadar fenol urin dan kelainan darah serta faktor-faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di suatu pabrik cat di Jakarta. Parameter yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah kadar fenol aria, parameter darah (hemoglobin, leukosit, trombosit, retikulosit, eritrosit, hernatokrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hitting jenis leukosit). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pendekatan kros seksional, menjaring data melalui waarancara terstruktur, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan sampel urin dan darah terhadap 128 subjek penelitian yang terdiri dari 64 subjek penelitian di lingkungan kerja terpajan tinggi dan 64 subjek penelitian di lingkungan kerja terpajan rendah. Kesimpulan dan saran: Kadar uap benzena di lingkungan kerja terpajan tinggi melebihi nilai ambang batas yang diperbolehkan (NAB 25 ppm). Peningkatan kadar fenol urin pada pekerja di lingkungan terpajan tinggi lebih besar dari lingkungan terpajan rendah (p = 0,003), serta meningkat dengan pertambahan lama kerja. Pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan kecenderungan penularan jumlah retikulosit pada pekerja di lingkungan kerja terpajan tinggi 17 x dibandingkan dengan lingkungan kerja terpajan rendah (p = 0,01, OR 16,89, CI = 1,71 - 166,73) dan terdapat hubungan antara rata-rata retikulosit dengan lama kerja. Juga terdapat hubungan bermakna antara peningkatan jumlah rata-rata leukosit (p = 0,055), peningkatan jumlah rata-rata basofil (mann Whitney p = 0,02) dan peningkatan jumlah tenaga kerja dengan limfosit atipik dengan pajanan benzena (OR = 7,19, CI = 3,39 - 15,24). Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh pada penelitian ini adalah umur di atas 40 tahun dan lama kerja. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disarankan agar pemantauan lingkungan terpajan benzena dilakukan secara teratur tiap 6 bulan dengan memperhatikan sistim produksi, ventilasi dan tata letak ruang. Perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan pekerja yang akan bekerja di lingkungan kerja terpajan benzena (pra kerja), yang sedang bekerja di lingkungan terpajan benzena (berkala dan khusus) yang terdiri atas pemeriksaan kadar fenol urin dan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah (hemoglobin, leukosit, trombosit dan retikulosit), serta diberikan penyuluhan tentang bahaya bekerja di lingkungan terpajan benzena, dan cara pemakaian masker yang baik dan tepat. Pemakaian metode kolorimetri untuk pemeriksaan kadar fenol urin. Pemeriksaan diperketat pada pekerja di atas 40 tahun dan kadar fenol urin di atas 40 mg/liter. Penatalaksanaan pajanan terhadap benzena perlu di standarisasikan. Perlu dikembangkan kerjasama Departemen Tenaga Kerja, Departemen Kesehatan, Departemen Perindustrian & Perdagangan dan lembaga pendidikan (Program Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia atau lembaga pendidikan terkait) dalarn menetapkan parameter yang lepat untuk digunakan dalam pemantauan lingkungan kerja terpajan benzena serta memantau dampak negatifnya.

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Methods and Materials: Benzene is still required in many industries, but this chemical has negative impact towards workers' health, especially over long periods of exposure, it can be fatal. This hazard can be prevented by monitoring regularly, both exposure area and the workers' health. The study on this topic in Indonesia is still rare up to now.

The aims of this study are to search for benzene exposure disorders, the correlation between urine phenol level, and haematologic disorders, hazard, risk factors in the work place environment and time factor. This study was conducted at a paint factory in Jakarta. The parameters used in this study are phenol level in urine, haematologic examinations (haemoglobin, leucocyte, trombocyt, reticulocyt, erythrocyte, haematocrit, MCV. MCH, MCHC, differential count).

The design of this study was cross sectional. Data were collected by interview, physical examination; urine and blood examinations of 128 subjects consisting of 64 subjects in a high exposure area and 64 subjects in a low exposure area.

Results and Conclusion: Benzene vapor level in high exposure area is higher than the permissible threshold limit value (NAB 25 ppm). Phenol level in urine of workers in high exposure area are higher than workers in low exposure area (p = 0,003) and this increase coincided with the duration of work The results of haematological examination showed 17 x decreasing tendency of the reticulocyt count of workers in the higher exposure than workers in low exposure (p = 0,01, OR = 16,89, CI = 1,71 - 166,73) and this low reticulocyt count has significant correlations with the duration of work It also correlates significantly with increasing mean leucocyt count (p = 0,055), mean basophyl count (mann-whitney p = 0,02) and atypic lymphocyt count (OR = 7,19, CI = 3,39 - 15,24). The risk factors in this study include, more than 40 years old workers and long duration of exposure time.

Based on the results of this study, I suggest the establishment of a standard benzene exposure management and monitoring of benzene exposure area unit The monitoring should be carried out every 6 months regularly. Attention should be directed to the production system, room ventilation and workplace design. Pre-employment, and periodical examination of workers, especially for urine phenol level examination should be carried out, as well as haematologic examinations (hemoglobin, leucocyt, thrombocyt and reticulocyt). Communication, information, education on the danger of benzene exposure and the correct manner of mask usage should be the important task in this management.

This study was carried out by using colorimetric method for the examination of urine phenol. The examinations are restricted to more than 40 years old workers and more than 40 mg/liter phenol level in urine. A cooperation among Occupational Department, Health Department, Industry and Trade Department and other Institutions (Occupational Health & Safety, University of Indonesia or other relevant institutes) should draw up correct parameters and regulations for monitoring benzene vapor and hazards in work environments."

"Latar belakang : Benzen yang masih digunakan oleh berbagai industri sebagai bahan pelarut dan bahan mentah diketahui berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan tenaga kerja. Begitu juga dengan benzen yang digunakan perusahaan pemerosesan minyak dan gas dapat berdampak yang sama. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat pemakaian masker gas terhadap perubahan kadar fenol dalam urin akibat pajanan benzen di unit penatalaksanaan limbah PT. V di Kalimantan TimurMetode : Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi intervensi. Empat belas tenaga kerja diambil secara purposif sebagai subjek yang diintervensi dengan pemakaian masker selama empat minggu disertai penyuluhan mengenai pencegahan terhadap pajanan benzen. Pengukuran terhadap lingkungan kerja dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar uap benzen, dan beberapa variabel seperti umur, pendidikan, pengetahuan, alkohol, merokok didapat dari wawancara dan kuesioner. Pajanan benzen terhadap tenaga kerja diukur melalui kadar fenol dalam urin.Hasil : Pengukuran kadar uap benzen di lingkungan kerja diatas nilai ambang batas yang dianjurkan ACGIH. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan perbedaan bermakna pada pemeriksaan kadar fenol dalam urin dan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (P<0,05).Kesimpulan dan saran : Studi intervensi ini menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar fenol dalam urin subjek disertai peningkatan pengetahuan subjek yang bermakna sesudah intervensi. Disarankan pada perusahaan untuk melakukan pemantauan kadar uap benzen di lingkungan kerja setiap enam bulan dan tenaga kerja diharuskan memakai masker secara teratur pada saat bekerja.

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The Benefit of Mask on the Change of Fenol Level in the Urine as an Effect of Benzene Exposure at the Sludge Processing Plant, `V' Company, East Kalimantan, 2000Background: Benzene which is still used in the industrial world as a solvent and raw material, still known to have negative effects on the workers' health. Benzene also exists in oil and gas company as by product. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of benzene exposure through the measurement of phenol level in the urine of workers' at the sludge processing unit in the oil and gas company, PT V East Kalimantan and the impact of using mask respirator for its prevention.Method : The design of study was a simple intervention study. Fourteen workers were recruited purposively as subjects, were intervened by using mask about four weeks simultaneously and having education on personal protection against benzene vapor. A simple working environmental survey was carried out measuring the level of benzene vapor at the working area, while several variables i.e age, education, duration of work, alcoholism, smoking and drugs were collected through interviews and questionnaires. Benzene exposure was measured through phenol urinary level of subjects.Results : Study finding showed that the level of benzene vapors in the working area was above ACGIH threshold value. Significant differences were found between admission phase and post intervention phase in urinary phenol level and knowledge (P<0,05).Conclusions and suggestions : The intervention study showed a significant decrease in urinary phenol concentration of subjects as well as an increase of knowledge. The enterprise was suggested to carry out monitoring project of the benzene vapor level in the working area every six month while the workers should be instructed to use mask regularly while working."