Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Ruang lingkup dan metodologiGetaran pada kendaraan bajaj dirasakan cukup tinggi dan Para pengemudi bekerja dalam waktu yang cukup lama setiap harinya. Untuk itu, perlu dilihat prevalensi sindrom getaran tangan dan lengan akibat kerja (SGTLAK) pada pengemudi bajaj serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif dengan responden yang dipilih secara acak dari penelitian survey di mana perbandingan kasus dan kontrol adalah 1 : Peserta yang dijaring dari survey adalah 336 orang dan yang dimasukkan dalam uji kasus kontrol lebih lanjut berjumlah 240 orang. Setiap responden dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pengukuran tingkat akselerasi pada tangan dan kemudi bajaj diukur dengan akselerometer. Pemeriksaan dilakukan di Klinik Dokter Keluarga FKUI Kayu Putih. Waktu pemeriksaan berlangsung sejak 23 Nopember hingga 16 Desember 2005. Regresi logistik digunakan untuk menilai hubungan berbagai faktor risiko yang merpengaruhi terjadinya SGTLAK pada pengemudi bajaj.Hasil dan kesimpulanDari survey didapatkan bahwa 80 orang (23,6 %) mengalami SGTLAK antara stadium 1 hingga 3 berdasarkan kriteria Stockholm. Tingkat akselerasi getaran rata-rata pada kemudi bajaj adalah 1,47 + 0,63 m/s2. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, tingkat akselerasi getaran pada kemudi bajaj tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan terjadinya SGTLAK pada pengemudi bajaj. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat, tingkat akselerasi pada leher yang lebih dari 0,125 m/s2 mempunyai risiko 5,571 kali lebih besar dibandingkan pengemudi bajaj dengan tingkat akselerasi gear pada leher kurang dari 0,125 m/s2 (95 % CI 1,539 - 17,203 and p = 0,008). Dosis pajanan lebih dari 21.681 jam m/s2 memiliki risiko 2,028 kali lebih besar (95% CI 1,112 - 3,376 dan p=4,020). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan getaran pada leher terhadap gangguan tangan dan lengan cukup signifikan sehingga pencegahan SGTLAK pada pengemudi bajaj harus memperhatikan pengendalian getaran seluruh tubuh yang diduga berkaitan besar dengan akselerasi getaran pada leher.

---

Scope and methodology

Bajaj is three wheels public transport vehicle that its users are exposed to vibration generated by its. Since daily work time of the Bajaj drivers are longer than reguler daily work time and the vibration exposure would be also high, the bajaj drivers probably have more risk to have HAVS. However there were no data about I-IAVS as the adverse health effect of vibration among them. Therefore it is important to study the prevalence and its risk factors. This study was population based and retrospective. The respondences were selected randomly from 336 participants and only 240 participants were included to case control analysed further to study about the risk factors. Every respondence was done history taking, physical examination, and examining the acceleration level of vibration on the hand, arm, and wheel steering using vibration accelerometer. All activities was done in Family Medicine Clinic Kayu Putih, Jakarta and held from November 23th until December 16`h 2005. Logistic regression was used to examine the association among all risk factors and HAYS.

Result and Conclusion

We found that 80 workers (23,6 %) have HAVS from any Stockholm's Classification within stage l to 3. The acceleration level of vibration on bajaj was 1,47 + 0,63 mis2 and there is no statistically significant association to HAVS. After conducting multivariate analysis, the acceleration level of vibration on the neck more than 0,125 mIs2, was 5,5 times more likely to have HAVS than the acceleration level of vibration on the neck less than 0,125 mis2 (95 % CI 1,539 - 17,203 and p = 0,008) . The accumulative exposure more than 2I.681 hours mis2, was 2 times more likely to have HAVS than the accumulative exposure less than 21.681 hours mis2 (95 % CI 1,112- 3,376 and p=0,020). It is concluded that the acceleration of vibration on the neck has significant contribution to the incidence of HAVS and its contribution is more dominant than local vibration effect. It is probably true that the whole body vibration contribute significantly to the acceleration of vibration on the neck and should be taken into account in designing the preventive program. Therefore we need to find the way how to reduce the whole body vibration in bajaj."

"ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION : Based on Indonesian Constitution, article 2712 mention that every Indonesian citizen has the right of having a job and wages in accordance to humanity. Bajaj as an model in this study is public transportation vehicle which is noisy and vibrating and potential to induce hearing and balance disturbances which could be dangerous to himself or to others. General Objectives of this study : To investigate the risks of noise and vibration in bajaj's drivers and to find the solutions to prevent them from hearing loss and balance disturbances.

Specific objectives : To determine : 1, hearing and balance functions induced by noise and vibration by audiometric and posturography tests 2. To find other physiologic factors such as age, blood pressure, blood glucose level, smoking habit and body mass index which could influence those functions ; 3, To determine the threshold of noise frequencies, intensity and also acceleration of vibration which contributed to noise.

Setting : Subdivision of Neurotology of ENT Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Study subjects : Bajaj drivers.

METHODS: The study was carried out from March 2000 until October 2001.Noise and vibration were measured using octave band analyzer and vibration meter. Clinical ENT examination, height and body weight for body mass index, blood pressure and blood glucose level tests were performed. The subjects were divided into four groups : the normal one, only hearing or balance problem group, group of both disturbances. The risk factors were calculated by bivariate and multivariate or logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS : Mean of bajaj's intensity level was 91 dBA, with minimum intensity 64 dBA, maximum intensity 96 dBA, mean acceleration of vibration was 4,2 misec2. Those results showed that noise and vibration of bajajs were over safety threshold, which has been established by OSHA. The rate of normal subjects was 27.72 %, whereas that of those who suffered from hearing and balance problems was 27,43%, and only 17.14% had hearing problems and 27,71 % had balance problems. The total was 72,28 % of disturbance. From the multivariate analysis, hearing and balance problems were influenced by age more than 40 years old, working periods more than 9 years, daily working hours more than 8 hours, history of heavy smoking habit and obesity. Balance problems were influenced by the same factors. But the working period was 5.9 years and hearing problems were only influenced by age more than 40 years old. It was concluded that balance function was more sensitive than hearing one. For prevention, this study also introduced risk scores for hearing and balance functions based on those physiological factors for workers who worked in noisy and vibrating areas, low risk for scores 0-5, moderate risk for scares 6-10 and high risk for scores more than 11. The sensitivity level was 70,83% and specificity was 73,20 %.

CONCLUSIONS : Mean of bajaj's intensity level was 91 dBA, with minimum intensity 64 dBA, maximum intensity 96 dBA. mean acceleration of vibration was 4,2 misec2, which are over the safety threshold. Noise and vibration could induce hearing and balance problems in 72,28% of drivers. Those problems are influenced by several factors such as age, working periods, daily working hours, smoking habit and obesity."