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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian tentang potensi antagonis bakteri Gram-positif Bacillus siamensis LDR terhadap pertumbuhan 2 isolat Asp. niger ABP dan ART memiliki selesai. Uji antagonis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kultur ganda yang berbeda, yaitu: kultur cakram ganda dan kultur piring tuang. Hasil pengujian pada metode kultur cakram ganda menunjukkan bahwa B. siamensis LDR mampu menghambat pertumbuhan diameter Asp. niger ART (44,83%) dan ABP (39,95%). Sedangkan pada metode pelat tuang, kultur, B. siamensis LDR mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Asp. niger ART (87,98%) dan ABP (92,43%). Fermentasi senyawa antijamur dari B. siamensis telah dilakukan dengan metode fermentasi menggunakan media Potato Dextrose Broth untuk inkubasi 10, 12 dan 14 hari. Filtrat hasil fermentasi digunakan sebagai pelarut untuk medium medium PDA dan PDB dalam uji antibiotik. Uji antibiotik menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas terbesar diperoleh dari filtrat fermentasi 14 hari. Hasil pengujian pada media PDA berdasarkan diameter pertumbuhan koloni menunjukkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan Asp. niger ART (74,53%) dan ABP (62,13%). Sedangkan penghambatan pertumbuhan pada medium PDB yang ditentukan berdasarkan produksi biomassa menunjukkan penurunan sebesar 79,80% pada Asp. niger ART dan 51,22% pada Asp. niger ABP versus kontrol. Uji antibiosis dengan metode difusi cakram pada waktu inkubasi media fermentasi hari ke 14 juga selesai. Hasil pengujian pada metode difusi cakram menunjukkan bahwa penghambatan pertumbuhan Asp. niger ART dan ABP pada konsentrasi 2.500 ppm hingga 20.000 ppm.
ABSTRACT
Research on the potential antagonist of Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus siamensis LDR to the growth of 2 isolates of Asp. niger ABP and ART have finished. The antagonist test was carried out using different multiple culture methods, namely: double disc culture and pour plate culture. The test results on the double disc culture method showed that B. siamensis LDR was able to inhibit the growth of Asp diameter. niger ART (44.83%) and ABP (39.95%). While in the pour plate method, culture, B. siamensis LDR was able to inhibit the growth of Asp. niger ART (87.98%) and ABP (92.43%). Fermentation of antifungal compounds from B. siamensis has been carried out by fermentation method using Potato Dextrose Broth media for incubation 10, 12 and 14 days. The fermented filtrate was used as a solvent for PDA and PDB medium in the antibiotic test. Antibiotic tests show that the greatest effectiveness obtained from 14 days fermentation filtrate. The test results on PDA media based on the diameter of the colony growth showed inhibition of Asp growth. niger ART (74.53%) and ABP (62.13%). Meanwhile, the inhibition of growth in the GDP medium which was determined based on biomass production showed a decrease of 79.80% in Asp. niger ART and 51.22% on Asp. niger ABP versus control. Antibiosis test using the disc diffusion method at the incubation time of the 14th day of fermentation media was also completed. The test results on the disc diffusion method showed that the inhibition of the growth of Asp. niger ART and ABP at a concentration of 2,500 ppm up to 20,000 ppm.

Abstrak :
Berbagai masalah muncul dalam makanan dan produk pertanian yang tercemar dengan cetakan Aspergillus niger. Pertumbuhan A. niger dapat dikelola dengan metode biokontrol menggunakan senyawa antijamur yang dihasilkan melalui proses fermentasi. Komposisi nutrisi merupakan faktor penting dalam proses fermentasi. Penelitian telah dilakukan terhadap produksi senyawa antijamur dari Bacillus siamensis LDR melawan dua galur A. niger ABP dan ART. Modifikasi media Czapek-Dox dengan Sumber karbon pati beras, sukrosa dan ekstrak ragi digunakan sebagai sumber karbon media fermentasi. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 10, 12, dan 14 hari dengan metode diam budaya. Uji antibiotik dilakukan dengan menggunakan filtrat fermentasi sebagai pelarut internal PDB dan PDA sedang. Hasil pengujian diukur berdasarkan biomassa pada medium cair PDB, dan diameter pertumbuhan dalam media padat PDA dari A. niger ABP dan ART. Uji Filtrat pertumbuhan antibiosis B. siamensis LDR terhadap A. niger menunjukkan ABP efektivitas tertinggi pada hari ke-10 fermentasi dengan penurunan biomassa hingga 99,20% dan penghambatan pertumbuhan diameter mencapai 83,25%. Efektivitas tertinggi terhadap A. niger ART pada hari ke-12 fermentasi dengan penurunan biomassa hingga 89,62% dan diameter penghambatan pertumbuhan mencapai 87,95%. Tes antibiotik juga dilakukan dengan metode difusi ekstrak kasar senyawa antijamur dari media fermentasi pada hari ke 12. Media diekstraksi dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair menggunakan etil asetat. Uji antibiotik dengan ekstrak kasar dilakukan pada konsentrasi 2.500, 5.000, 10.000, dan 20.000 ppm. Secara kualitatif, ekstrak kasar bersifat antijamur menunjukkan penghambatan pertumbuhan terhadap A. niger ABP dan HAART pada konsentrasi 2.500 ppm. ......Problems arose in food and agricultural products tainted with Aspergillus niger molds. A. niger growth can be managed by biocontrol methods using antifungal compounds produced through the fermentation process. The nutritional composition is an important factor in the fermentation process. Research has been conducted on the production of an antifungal compound from Bacillus siamensis LDR against two A. niger ABP strains and ART. Modification of Czapek-Dox media with carbon sources of rice starch, sucrose and yeast extract were used as carbon sources in the fermentation medium. Fermentation was carried out for 10, 12, and 14 days with culture still method. Antibiotic test was carried out using fermentation filtrate as internal solvent of medium PDB and PDA. The test results were measured based on biomass in PDB liquid medium, and growth diameter in PDA solid media from A. niger ABP and ART. Test The antibiosis growth filtrate of B. siamensis LDR against A. niger showed the highest ABP effectiveness on the 10th day of fermentation with a decrease in biomass up to 99.20% and inhibition of diameter growth reaching 83.25%. Highest effectiveness against A. niger ART on the 12th day of fermentation with a decrease in biomass up to 89.62% and the diameter of growth inhibition reaching 87.95%. Antibiotic tests were also carried out by diffusion method of crude extract of antifungal compounds from the fermentation medium on day 12. The media was extracted by the liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate. Antibiotic assays with crude extracts were carried out at concentrations of 2,500, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 ppm. Qualitatively, the crude extract was antifungal and showed growth inhibition against A. niger ABP and HAART at a concentration of 2,500 ppm.

Abstrak :

Bacillus spp. berpotensi sebagai agen biokontrol untuk meminimalisir kontaminasi mikroorganisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antagonistis sel dan filtrat Bacillus siamensis LDR terhadap beberapa spesies kapang. Purifikasi dan karakterisasi morfologi dilakukan pada medium PDA. Uji aktivitas antagonistis dilakukan dengan metode dual kultur dan uji antibiosis dilakukan dengan menggunakan filtrat fermentasi B. siamensis LDR yang diperoleh dari panen hari ke-12 dan ke-14. Persentase inhibisi ditentukan berdasarkan perhitungan pertumbuhan radial dan biomassa kapang yang diberi perlakuan, dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hasil uji antagonistis menunjukkan bahwa Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus AHM, dan Aspergillus clavatus ABH berhasil dihambat sebesar 35,92%, 42.75%, 27.18% pada teknik dual disc dan sebesar 92.94%, 87.15%, 85.45% pada teknik pour plate disc. Hasil uji antibiosis menunjukkan inhibisi F. oxysporum, A. flavus AHM, dan A. clavatus ABH lebih tinggi pada filtrat 14 hari, yaitu 41.84—41,94%, 34,83—36,04%, 63.27—63,81% pada medium PDA dan 53,15—76,37%, -151— -11.01, 88.87—90.36% pada medium PDB. Sel dan filtrat B. siamensis LDR memiliki aktivitas antagonistis terhadap Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus AHM, dan Aspergillus clavatus ABH dengan ketidakstabilan aktivitas antibiosis terhadap A. flavus AHM, secara in vitro.

 

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Bacillus spp. are potential biocontrol agent to reduce crop contamination by microorganism. Aim of this research is to screen antagonistic activity of B. siamensis LDR cells and filtrate against few species of filamentous fungi. Purification and morphological characterization were done on PDA. Screening of antagonistic activity was done by antagonistic assay using dual culture method and antibiosis assay using 12 and 14 days fermentation filtrate of B. siamensis LDR. Percentage of inhibition were determined by comparing radial growth and biomass of treated fungi to untreated fungi as control. Result of antagonistic assay showed Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus AHM, and Aspergillus clavatus ABH were inhibited for 35,92%, 42.75%, 27.18% by using dual disc technique and 92.94%, 87.15%, 85.45% by using pour plate disc technique, respectively. Result of antibiosis assay showed the highest inhibition activity against F. oxysporum, A. flavus AHM, A. clavatus ABH was found in 14 days fermentation filtrate, which were 41.84—41,94%, 34,83—36,04%, 63.27—63,81% on PDA and 53,15—76,37%, -151— -11.01, 88.87—90.36% on PDB, respectively. Therefore, B. siamensis LDR cell and filtrate has antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus AHM and Aspergillus clavatus ABH, despite of unstable antibiosis activity against A. flavus AHM, in vitro.