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"Meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk dapat mengarah pada ketersediaan lahan permukiman, hal ini menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan populasi dengan permukiman yang ada. Sehingga tekanan populasi pada lahan permukiman akan semakin besar. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir model Cellular Automata CA untuk simulasi pertumbuhan perkotaan telah tumbuh baik karena kesederhanaan, fleksibilitas dan intuitif, terutama Model Cellular Automata dapat menggabungkan dimensi spasial dan temporal. Studi ini menunjukkan model-model CA dalam perubahan kapasitas pendukung lahan temporal dan prediksi ke depan pada tahun 2032. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensimulasikan daya dukung lahan perumahan di masa depan berdasarkan model CA dengan data fisik dan sosial di Kota Bengkulu. Pertama, matriks transisi dihitung dari peta penggunaan lahan 2002-2010 menggunakan model CA untuk memprediksi perubahan penggunaan lahan secara luas. Kedua, prosedur evaluasi integrasi digunakan untuk menghasilkan peta potensi transisi berdasarkan indikator fisik dan sosial. Akhirnya, matriks transisi dan peta potensial transisi diimplementasikan dalam model CA untuk mensimulasikan distribusi spasial kapasitas daya dukung lahan dari 2017-2032. Akibatnya, simulasi distribusi spasial menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan lahan akan melebihi kebutuhan akan lahan yang akan digunakan. Studi ini diantisipasi untuk membantu pemerintah daerah untuk lebih memahami dan mengatasi sistem penggunaan lahan yang kompleks dan mengembangkan strategi pengelolaan penggunaan lahan yang lebih baik.

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population with existing settlements area, so the population pressure on settlement land will be greater. In recent years, the Cellular Automata CA models for urban growth simulation has grown favorably because of its simplicity, flexibility and intuitive, especially the Cellular Automata Models can incorporate spatial and temporal dimensions. This study shows the CA models in the changing of temporal land support capacity and forward prediction in 2032. The purpose of this study is to simulate the carrying capacity of residential land in the future based on CA models with physical and social data in Bengkulu City. First, the transition matrix is calculated from land use maps 2002 2010 using the CA models to predict broad land use changes. Second, the integration evaluation procedure is used to generate transition potential maps based on physical and social indicators. Finally, transition matrix and transition potential maps are implemented in the CA models to simulate the spatial distribution of residential land carrying capacity from 2017 2032. Consequently, the simulation of spatial distribution shows that the availability of land will exceed the need for land to be used for shelter. The study is anticipated to help local authorities to better understand and address complex land use systems and develop better land use."

"This paper presents a methods for estimating permeability of porous media based on lettice gas automata (LGA) methods. LGA is a relatively recent methods developed to perform hydrodynamic calculations. The methods , in its simplest form consists of a regular lattice populated with particles that hop from site to site in discrete time steps in a process, called prppagation. After propagation , the particles in each site interact with each other in a process called collision,in which the number of particles an momentum are conserved. An exclusion principle is imposed in order to achieve better computational efficiency. Permeability estimation of fractured rocks based on image analysis was conducted using lattice gas automata . Fractured rocks samples collected from Bukit Kaba, Bengkulu were analyzed to study fluid flow parameter, i.e. permeability and porosity. For time - ste 1.047 and radius 0,60 cm, the permeability is equal to 2,55.10 Darcy while for time - step 1, 437 and radius 0,19 cm, the permebiality is equal to 1,62.10 Darcy."

"The purpose of this book is to present an up to date account of fuzzy ideals of a semiring. The book concentrates on theoretical aspects and consists of eleven chapters including three invited chapters. Among the invited chapters, two are devoted to applications of Semirings to automata theory, and one deals with some generalizations of semirings. "