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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh pengasuhan otoritatif-otoritarian dan pengasuhan kolektivis-individualis orangtua terhadap perkembangan first-order theory of mind (ToM) dan second-order theory of mind anak di kota Jakarta. Perolehan ToM diukur dengan menggunakan theory of mind scale, pengasuhan kolektivis-individualis diukur dengan Parents’ Attitude I dan pengasuhan otoritatif-otoritarian diukur dengan Parents’ Attitude II. Skala ToM diberikan pada 98 anak (46 laki-laki, 52 perempuan) dengan usia 4-7 tahun. Kuesioner pengasuhan diberikan kepada ibu. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengasuhan otoritatif-otoritarian dan pengasuhan kolektivis-individualis tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perkembangan first-order ToM dan second-order ToM. Ditemukan bahwa orangtua di Jakarta cenderung memilih pengasuhan otoritatif dan pengasuhan kolektivis. Selain itu pola perkembangan ToM anak di Jakarta mengikuti pola western yaitu DD>DB>KA>FB>HE.

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This study aims to determine whether there is authoritative-authoritarian parenting and collectivist-individualist parenting influence to the children’s first-order theory of mind (ToM) and second-order theory of mind in Jakarta. ToM is measured by using theory of mind scale, collectivist-individualist parenting is measured by using Parents’ Attitude I and authoritative-authoritarian parenting is measured by using Parents’ Attitude II. ToM scale was given to 98 children (46 boys, 52 girls) aged 4-7 years. Parenting questionnaires are given to mother of children. The results of the study shows that there is no significant influence between authoritative-authoritarian parenting and collectivist-individualist parenting with first order ToM and second order ToM development. Parents in Jakarta are likely to choose authoritative parenting and collectivist parenting. In addition, the sequence of children’s ToM development in Jakarta follows the western pattern, namely >DB>KA>FB>HE."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan budaya dan pengasuhan terhadap perkembangan theory of mind (ToM) anak di Sumatera Barat yang memiliki sistem kekerabatan matrilineal atau garis keturunan dari Ibu. Perolehan ToM diukur dengan menggunakan theory of mind scale, budaya orang tua diukur dengan skala pengasuhan individualis-kolektvis, dan pengasuhan orang tua diukur dengan Parenting Attitude Inventory (PAI). Skala ToM diberikan pada 80 anak (35 laki-laki, 45 perempuan) dengan usia 5-6 tahun. Kuesioner budaya dan pengasuhan diberikan kepada orang tua anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dari budaya dan pengasuhan terhadap ToM. Selain itu pola perkembangan ToM anak di Sumatera Barat mengikuti pola eastern yaitu DD>KA>DB>FB>HE.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine whether there is a cultural and nurturing relationship to the development of the theory of mind (ToM) of children in West Sumatra who have a matrilineal kinship system or lineage from their mother. ToM acquisition is measured using the theory of mind scale, parental culture is measured by the individualist-collectivist parenting scale, and parenting is measured by the Parenting Attitude Inventory (PAI). The ToM scale was given to 80 children (35 boys, 45 girls) aged 5-6 years. Culture and parenting questionnaires were administered to the childs parents. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between culture and care for ToM. In addition, the development pattern of childrens ToM in West Sumatra follows the eastern pattern, namely DD>KA>DB>FB>HE. "