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Abstrak :
There is a reason or consideration why a state implements a decentralized government system, including in form of regional autonomy. As it is known that the regional autonomy is one of the variant of decentralization principle , thus asymmetrical decentralization is one of the variant of the form of regional autonomy policy. Asymmetrical decentralization or asymmetrical autonomy is a form of delegation of special authority which is given to the certain region. Asymmetrical autonomy is different from the commont autonomy, i.e. symmetrical autonomy. But don't forget that asymmetrical autonomy and symmetrical autonomy both are also autonomy. The difference between both of them is among others, can be seen by substance of regional . The substance of symmetrical autonomy is political autonomy (authority), administrative autonomy, fiscal autonomy which are commonly valid and the same in every region. The three substances of symmetrical autonomy are also contained in the asymmetrical autonomy, however,its format is different at the asymmetrical autonomy . For instance political and fiscal autonomy at symmetrical autonomy are bigger than at symmetrical autonomy. Besides that there is an addition of the substance of regional autonomy at the asymmetrical autonomy, for istance, autonomy in certain law, autonomy at culture field and so on. Actually, even there is difference in format and substance law, autonomy at cuture field an so on .Actually, even there is difference in format and substance between asymmetrical autonomy in region with the asymmetrical autonomy in region with the asymmetrical autonomy in another region.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Indonesia has been practicing both symmetric and asymmetric decentralization for decades. This study believes that asymmetric decentralization should not only for those five provinces (Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Aceh, Papua and West Papua). If political considerations and the effectiveness and efficiency of government, asymmetric decentralization becomes a necessary choice for many other regions in Indonesia. This includes autonomous regions characterized by islands (archipelagic regions). Hence, this paper will discuss a number of reasons why archipelagic regions also need asymmetrical arrangements. How to make such arrangements functional? What potential challenges might be encountered? This study employs qualitative approach with theory-driven type. Operationally, this study is sustained by a series of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and documentary method. Aiming at strengthening the capacity of the government for more effective governance and development process, the uniqueness and various specific problems faced by archipelagic regions become the main reasons for applying asymmetric decentralization. Proposing a separate policy provides an effective strategy for certainty and functional de jure and de facto asymmetry arrangements. Handling various existing problems which could weaken the capacity to carry out asymmetric decentralization policy would be the most appropriate strategy to make the policy facilitates its potential benefits.

Abstrak :
Perjanjian Indonesia-Portugal mengenai Masalah Timor Timur merupakan objek penelitian yang mengandung aspek intermestik sehingga kajian desentralisasi asimetris yang terlibat di dalamnya juga perlu membahas mengenai diskursus kebijakan politik luar negeri. Penelitian ini hendak mengaitkan diskursus desentralisasi beserta faktor-faktor terkait lainnya dengan struktur desain konstitusional yang termuat dalam Perjanjian Indonesia-Portugal mengenai Masalah Timor Timur. Penelitian ini menilai bahwa kebijakan politik luar negeri cenderung ditetapkan dengan skema ‘kepala menghadap ke luar’. Artinya, kebijakan politik luar negeri difokuskan untuk memberikan respons terhadap faktor-faktor eksternal yang berasal dari luar. Padahal, adanya kebijakan desentralisasi ditentukan untuk menyerahkan kekuasaan pemerintahan kepada daerah otonom sehingga timbul hak untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri kekuasaan pemerintahan yang diserahkan. Di sisi lain, kebijakan politik luar negeri melalui perjanjian bilateral antara dua negara dan desentralisasi sejatinya secara inheren tidak memiliki arah pendekatan yang tertuju pada titik temu yang sama. Kebijakan politik luar negeri memiliki domain tujuan mengatasi masalah internasional, sedangkan desentralisasi memiliki domain tujuan mengatasi masalah lokal. Namun, penelitian ini berargumen bahwa keduanya sama-sama memiliki tujuan jangka panjang untuk mencapai stabilitas nasional guna memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini hendak menguraikan bagaimana skema konsep desentralisasi asimetris dikonstruksikan dalam suatu negara; mengulas dan mengeksplorasi konstruksi konsep desentralisasi asimetris dalam suatu negara yang lahir dari sebuah perjanjian bilateral antarnegara; dan menjabarkan penerapan konsep desentralisasi asimetris yang lahir dari sebuah perjanjian bilateral antarnegara, dengan berkaca pada Perjanjian Indonesia-Portugal mengenai Masalah Timor Timur. ......The Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and the Portuguese Republic on the Question of East Timor is an object of research that contains an intermestic aspect, in which the study of asymmetric decentralization involved in it also needs to discuss foreign policy discourse. This research seeks to relate the decentralization discourse and other related factors to the constitutional design structure contained in the Indonesia-Portugal agreement. This study assesses that foreign policy tends to be determined with a 'head facing out' scheme. That is, foreign policy is focused on providing a response to external factors that come from outside. In fact, decentralization is determined to transition government power into autonomous regions so that the right to regulate and manage the government power is handed over. On the other hand, decentralization and foreign policy, through bilateral agreements between two countries, inherently do not have an approach directed at the same meeting point. Foreign policy has a domain of overcoming international problems, while decentralization has a domain of overcoming local problems. However, this study argues that both of them have a long-term goal of achieving national stability in order to meet national needs. Thus, this study aims to describe how the concept of asymmetric decentralization is constructed in a country; review and explore the construction of the concept of asymmetric decentralization in a country that was born from a bilateral agreement between countries; and describes the operational application of the concept of asymmetric decentralization that was born from a bilateral agreement between countries, by studying the case of the Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and the Portuguese Republic on the Question of East Timor.