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"Latar Belakang. Prevalensi asma terus meningkat dalam 30 tahun terakhir balk di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Di Indonesia terutama di Jakarta kondisi polusi udara semakin parah. Asumsi yang berkembang di masyarakat mengatakan polusi udara mengganggu kesehatan. Pasien asma sering mengalami serangan pada seat musim dingin dan hujan. Di Jakarta belum ada data mengenai hubungan polusi udara den perubahan cuaca dengan kejadian serangan asma.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar polusi udara (03, PMIO, SO2, NO2 dan CO) dan perubahan cuaca (suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujan) dengan kejadian serangan asma di DKI Jakarta.Metodologi. Dilakukan pencatatan kejadian serangan asma dari status IGD di lima rumah sakit di DKI Jakarta terhadap pasien yang tinggal di Jakarta dengan umur 14-50 tahun. Kemudian dibandingkan dengan parameter kadar polusi udara dan perubahan cuaca selama satu tahun (Nopember 2002-Oktober 2003). Dilihat kecenderungan antara polusi udara dan perubahan cuaca dengan kejadian serangan asma. Penelitian dilakukan sejak Januari-Juni 2005.Hasil.Terkumpul sebanyak 521 pasien yang mengalami 631 kali serangan terdiri dari Laki-laki 36,5 % dan Perempuan 63,5% dengan usia rerata 32,3 tahun. Sebagian besar mempunyai riwayat asma sebelumnya (87,7%) dengan faktor pencetus yang tercatat sebesar 15,8% , ISPA merupakan pencetus paling sering (70%) diikuti oleh paparan asap 18% dan udara dingin kurang dari 12%. Keeenderungan kunjungan serangan asma naik pada bulan Pebruari dan Juli. Kenaikan pada bulan Pebruari seiring dengan faktor cuaca meskipun secara statistik keseluruhan tidak bermakna hanya suhu udara menunjukkan korelasi negatif derajat sedang (r = -0,49; p> 0,05). Kecenderungan kenaikan serangan asma bulan Juli tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan polusi udara hanya terhadap 03 menunjukkan korelasi negatif derajat sedang (r = -0,50; p> 0,05).Simpulan. Kejadian serangan asma pada dewasa paling banyak adalah perempuan. Dari faktor pencetus yang tercatat terbanyak adalah ISPA, diikuti paparan asap dan udara dingin. Tingginya kunjungan serangan asma pada musim hujan tidak dipengaruhi polusi udara, tetapi kecenderungan seiring dengan faktor cuaca. Kunjungan serangan asma pads musim kemarau kecenderungannya seiring dengan polusi udara, meskipun dari uji statistik tidak bermakna hanya menunjukkan korelasi negatif seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh 03.

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Background. Prevalence asthma increases for the last 30 years either in developed or developing countries. In Indonesia especially in Jakarta the condition of air pollution becomes worst. Peoples think that the air pollution affect to the health. Persons with asthma often having attack in cold air and rainy season. In Jakarta haven't got any data about the relation of air pollution and weather changing with asthma attack happened.

Aims. To know relation between levels of air pollution (03, PMIO, S02, N02 and CO) and weather changes (Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall) with asthma attack in Jakarta.

Methods. We perfomed registration of asthma attack in 5 emergency rooms in Jakarta to the patients who lives in Jakarta in age 14-50 years old. It is compared with the parameter of air pollution and weather change in a year (November 2002- October 2003). We observe the relation between air pollution and weather change with asthma attack.

Results. During the study period, January - June 2005, there were 521 patients who got 631 attack, they were 36,5% men and 63,5% women, with the mean of age is 32,3 years old. Most of them have a history of asthma before (87,7%) with trigger factors only 15,8% recorded, most of them is upper respiratory tract infection ( 70%) followed by smoke exposed (18%) and cold air less than 12%. The trend visit of Asthma attack is increase in the month of February and July. The increases in February consecutive to the weather even though according to statistic is not significant, only air temperature showing negative corelation (r = -0.49; p> 0.05). The trend visit of asthma attack which increase in July doesn't show significant relation with air pollution only to the 03 showing the negative corelation with medium degrees (r = -0.50; p= > 0.05).

Conclusions. Most of asthma attack in adult happened in women. Trigger factors are upper respiratrory tract infection, smoked exposed and cold air. The increasing of asthma attack in rainy season is not related to air pollution but the trend consecutive to the weather. The trend visit asthma attack in dry season consecutive to the air pollution especially to the 03 statistically is not significant, only negative relation."

"ABSTRAKEksaserbasi asma masih menjadi masalah pada jamaah selama periode ibadah haji. Terdapat banyak faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap eksaserbasi asma selama ibadah haji. Asma yang terkontrol penuh dan pencegahan sebelum keberangkatan haji menjadi penting untuk menurunkan risiko eksaserbasi.MetodeMetode penelitian berupa cross sectional analitik yang dilakukan pada jamaah haji DKI Jakarta tahun 2018. Jamaah haji dengan asma diseleksi dari Sistem Informasi dan Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu Kesehatan (Siskohatkes). Subjek dievaluasi lebih lanjut di Puskesmas melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan spirometri dan diikuti selama ibadah haji. Terdapat tujuh faktor yang diteliti, yaitu riwayat eksaserbasi asma, obesitas, komorbid, fungsi faal paru, tingkat kebugaran, merokok dan vaksinasi influenza. Kriteria eksklusi dalam pengambilan sampel yaitu memiliki kontraindikasi melakukan spirometri, menderita penyakit paru bukan asma bronkial (TB paru, kanker paru), kesulitan untuk berkomunikasi (penurunan kognitif), tidak bersedia ikut dalam penelitian dan gangguan jantung yang membuat pasien harus membatasi aktivitas fisikHasil68 jamaah haji dengan asma didapatkan untuk penelitian ini yang terdiri atas 46 subjek perempuan (67,6%) dan usia median sebesar 56 tahun. Eksaserbasi akut terjadi pada 27 subjek (39,7%). Pada analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik, didapatkan bahwa riwayat eksaserbasi asma dan obesitas grade II menjadi faktor yang berperan signifikan terhadap eksaserbasi dengan odd ratio (OR) 4,27 (95%IK: 1,156-15,829,p=0,029) dan 4,02 (95%IK: 1,151-14,097, p=0,029).KesimpulanProporsi eksaserbasi sebesar 39,7%. Dari tujuh faktor yang diteliti pada studi ini, riwayat eksaserbasi asma sejak satu tahun sebelum keberangkatan haji dan obesitas grade II menjadi faktor paling penting yang berperan terhadap eksaserbasi asma pada jamaah haji.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundAsthma exacerbation still become problem in pilgrims during hajj period. There are many factors that contribute in asthma exacerbation. Well controlled asthma and prevention before hajj was important to reduce risk of exacerbation.MethodThis is a cross sectional study among asthma hajj pilgrims year 2018 from Jakarta. Hajj pilgrims with asthma were selected from Sistem Informasi dan Komputerisasi Haji Terpadu Kesehatan (Siskohatkes). Subjects were evaluated in primary facility (Puskesmas) through anamnesis, physical examination and spirometry and followed during pilgrimage. There were seven factors that examined in this research, including history of exacerbation, obesity, comorbid, lung physiology function, smoking, fitness level, and influenza vaccination. Exclution criteria includes contraindicated in spirometry test, had lung disease except asthma (tuberculosis, lung cancer), hard to communicate, refused to enter the study and cardiac problems that made patients restricted their activity.ResultSixty eight asthma patients were recruited comprising 46 female subjects (67,6%) and median age for this study is 56 years. Acute exacerbation occurred in 27 subjects (39,7%). In multivariate analysis with logistic regression test, history of exacerbation and grade II obesity were factors that have significant effect on asthma exacerbation with odd ratio 4,27 (95% CI: 1,156-15,829, p=0,029) and 4,02 (95%CI: 1,151-14,097, p=0,029) respectively.ConclusionProportion of exacerbation is 39,7%. From seven factors researched in this study, obesity grade II and history of asthma exacerbation one year before hajj period were the most important factors that contribute on asthma exacerbation among hajj pilgrims."

"Penelitian kegunaan makrolid pada asma eksaserbasi menunjukkan bahwa di samping memiliki efek antimikroba,makrolid juga memiliki aktivitas sebagai imunomodulator."

"AbstrakDespite asthma being the most common chronic childhood ailment, there is still much to learn about the disease. Early childhood infections with well-known or emerging viruses can lay the pathophysiologic framework for asthma development and exacerbation later in life, which may be due partly to alteration of the airway microbiome. Once asthma is established, acute exacerbations are usually associated with infections with respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses (RVs). Once again, there are bidirectional interactions between viruses and airway bacteria that appear to influence the severity of illness and the likelihood of exacerbation. Studies employing recent advances in viral and bacterial identification analytic techniques will clarify these new concepts and may provide the basis for new treatments or prevention or respiratory infection-associated exacerbation. This paper is a review of the associations among respiratory viruses, bacteria, inflammatory mechanisms, and asthma exacerbation."