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"Marasi (Curculigo latifolia) merupakan salah satu tanaman dari famili Hypoxidaceae yang terdapat di Indonesia, Semenanjung Malaya hingga Indo-China. Tanaman ini secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati kanker, diabetes melitus, demam, infeksi mata, infeksi bakteri. Curculigo latifolia mengandung senyawa curculigine, norlignane, terpenoid, flavonoid, tannin, glikosida fenol dan turunannya yang bersifat antioksidan dan antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk standardisasi dan mengkaji aktivitas antimikroba dari ekstrak terpilih tanaman Curculigo latifolia terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi, uji zona hambat, uji KHM dan KBM, serta standardisasi ekstrak terpilih. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan antara lain daun, batang dan akar. Masing-masing bagian tanaman diekstraksi secara maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol 70%. Ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% v/v memberikan rendemen tertinggi di semua bagian tanaman, dengan nilai berkisar antara 9,3% hingga 12,64%. Uji zona hambat dari semua ekstrak yang dihasilkan, dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram. Uji KHM dan KBM dilakukan dengan metode dilusi. Berdasarkan hasil uji antibakteri, ekstrak etil asetat dari bagian batang menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling signifikan terhadap S. aureus dan S. epidermidis, sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana dari bagian akar memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap S. epidermidis. Ekstrak terpilih ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etil asetat dari daun karena memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada ketiga bakteri serta menjadi ekstrak dengan aktivitas tertinggi terhadap P. acne. Zona hambat ekstrak terpilih terhadap P. acne sebesar 11±1.4mm, nilai KHM sebesar 2.5%, dan KBM sebesar 5%. Analisis kualitatif menggunakan LC-HRMS menunjukkan terdapat 462 senyawa terdeteksi di dalam ekstrak terpilih Curculigo latifolia, termasuk senyawa kimia ursolic acid. Hasil standardisasi mutu menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak terpilih memenuhi standar keamanan dan kualitas, dengan kadar air kurang dari 10%, kadar abu total yang rendah, dan tidak terdeteksi adanya cemaran logam berat maupun mikroba.

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Marasi (Curculigo latifolia) is one of the plants from the family Hypoxidaceae, found in Indonesia, the Malay Peninsula, and Indo-China. Traditionally, this plant is used to treat cancer, diabetes mellitus, fever, eye infections, and bacterial infections. Curculigo latifolia contains compounds such as curculigine, norlignane, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic glycosides, and their derivatives, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study aims to standardize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the most active extract of Curculigo latifolia against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research involved extraction, inhibition zone testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and standardization of the most active extract. The plant parts used include leaves, stems, and roots. Each part of the plant was subjected to multilevel maceration extraction using solvents n-heksanae, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. Extraction with 70% ethanol (v/v) provided the highest yield across all plant parts, with values ranging from 9.3% to 12.64%. The inhibition zone test for all extracts was performed using the disk diffusion method. MIC and MBC tests were conducted using the dilution method. Based on the antibacterial tests, the ethyl acetate extract of the stem showed the most significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, while the n-heksanae extract of the root showed the best results against S. epidermidis. The most active extract was identified as the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves, as it exhibited antibacterial activity against all three bacteria and showed the highest activity against P. acnes. The inhibition zone of the most active extract against P. acnes was 11±1.4mm, with an MIC value of 2.5%, and an MBC value of 5%. Qualitative analysis using LC-HRMS detected 462 compounds in the most active extract of Curculigo latifolia, including the chemical compound ursolic acid. The quality standardization results indicated that the most active extract met safety and quality standards, with a moisture content of less than 10%, low total ash content, and no detectable contamination from heavy metals or microbes."

"Di Indonesia, daun Babandotan (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.) (EAC) dan herba Rumput Mutiara (Oldenlandia corymbosa L.) (EOC) telah digunakan secara empiris turun-temurun untuk mengobati penyakit sendin dengan cara ditumbuk kemudian dioleskan. Kuersetin (KU) dan asam ursolat (AU) yang merupakan zat aktif di dalam ekstrak tersebut memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi pada hewan model yang diinduksi osteoartritis. Di dalam penelitian ini, kombinasi ekstrak babandotan dan rumput mutiara serta kombinasi kuersetin dan asam ursolat diformulasikan dalam sistem pembawa nanoemulsi sehingga memiliki karakteristik fisik yang baik serta dapat menghambat proses inflamasi dan dapat digunakan sebagai obat osteoartritis. Sebanyak 50 (lima puluh) ekor tikus dibagi dalam 10 kelompok (n=5) yaitu: (1) kelompok kontrol normal (normal) (2) kelompok kontrol negatif (negatif) (3) kelompok kombinasi EAC-EOC (EAC-EOC) (4) kelompok EAC tunggal (EAC) (5) kelompok EOC tunggal (EOC) (6) kelompok kombinasi KU-AU (KU-AU) (7) kelompok KU tunggal (KU) (8) kelompok AU tunggal (9) kelompok kombinasi KU-AU non-nano (Emulgel KU-AU) (10) kelompok kontrol positif (positif). Pada hari ke-0, tikus diinduksi monoiodoasetat secara intraartikular 3,0mg/0.05 mL kecuali kelompok normal. Pemberian sediaan topikal sesuai dengan kelompok dosis dilakukan mulai hari ke-29. Dilakukan evaluasi terhadap volume udem (setiap 7 hari), analisis kadar sitokin serum dengan enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) dan histopatologi serta imunohistokimia pada hari ke-57. Volume udem lutut tikus tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok normal sejak hari ke-42. Penurunan kadar sitokin serum terjadi pada biomarker Protein S100A8, Interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase thrombospondin-like motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), Kolagen Tipe 2 dan Aggrecan Core Protein. Perbedaan bermakna semua kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok negatif terjadi pada biomarker penanda proses inflamasi yaitu Protein S100A8, Interleukin-1ß dan iNOS (#P<0,05). Hasil evaluasi histopatologi dan imunohistokimia menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penghambatan degradasi proteoglikan. Sediaan nanoemulgel yang dikembangkan baik komposisi tunggal maupun kombinasi dapat memperbaiki kerusakan kartilago yang bermanfaat sebagai obat osteoartritis.

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In Indonesia, babandotan leaves (ageratum conyzoides (L.) L.) (ACE) and pearl grass herbs (Oldenlandia corymbosa L.) (OCE) have been used empirically as topical preparation for traditional medicine in the treatment of joint disease. Their active compound namely quercetin (QU) and ursolic (UA) acid has appearance anti-inflammatory activity in osteoarthritis (OA) animal model. We investigated nanoemulgel of combination QU and UA as well as the combination ACE and OCE from nanoemulsion carrier systems as the new drug focused on plant-based natural products with a good physical characteristic that inhibit inflammatory process and applied in managing osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty animals were randomly designated to the 10 groups (n=5) as follows: (1) normal control group (Normal), (2) negative control groups (negative), (3) combination ACE-OCE, (4) single ACE, (5) single OCE, (6) combination QU-UA, (7) single QU, (8) single UA, (9) combination QU-UA non-nano formula (emulgel QU-UA), (10) positive control group (positive). Rats were receiving intraartikular monoiodoacetate injection 3.0mg/0.05 mL on day 0 exluding for normal control group. All groups were administered topical preparations allow to each dose group on day 29. We evaluated knee edema profile (every 7 days), serum cytokine level (on day 57) with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and histopatological and immunhostochemistry evaluation. Since day 42, knee edema profile of all group treatment has been similar with normal control group (p>0.05). Serum cytokines level for some biomarkers, such as S100A8 Protein, Interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase thrombospondin-like motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), Collagen Type II and Aggrecan Core Protein were decrease. A significant difference compared with negative group showed for all groups treatment on measurement of inflammation process biomarker of S100A8 Protein, IL-1β, and iNOS (#P<0.05). Based on histological and immunohistochemistry evaluation showed that there was inhibition of proteoglycan degradation. The developed nanoemulgel ACE-OCE and QU-UA either combination or not has good physical characteristic and promising effect to enhance MIA induced cartilage damage as potential therapeutic agent for OA and encouraging to conduct further study as clinical trials. "