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Abstrak :
Asupan asam lemak omega-3 penting selama kehamilan dan mempengaruhi luaran lahir. Sedikit data yang terbit di Indonesia mengenai asupan lemak omega-3 pada ibu hamil (bumil) dan hubungannya terhadap ukuran lahir bayi. Desain potong lintang terhadap bumil yang terdaftar ANC (antenatal care) dengan usia kehamilan >32 minggu di semua puskesmas kecamatan di Jakarta timur. Kuesioner terstruktur, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), shorr board, and HemoCue digunakan untuk menilai faktor ibu dan asupan omega-3 serta mengukur antropometri dan kadar hemoglobin. Pita SECA, timbang bayi dan data rekam medik digunakan untuk mengukur lingkar lengan atas ibu, berat bayi dan mencatat panjang bayi. Analisis multivariate digunakan untuk menilai hubungan asupan omega-3 terhadap ukuran lahir setelah faktor pengganggu dikendalikan. Bumil dengan asupan lemak kurang dari 54.27 mg/hr akan 2.1 (95% CI: 1.16-4.03) kali beresiko memiliki anak dengan lingkar kepala (LIKA) sub normal. Bumil dengan asupan α-linolenat kurang dari 0.82 gr/hr akan memiliki bayi dengan berat lahir 95 (95%CI:9.3-180) gram lebih rendah. Tidak ada asupan asam lemak essensial yang berhubungan dengan panjang badan. Lemak berhubungan dengan LIKA sedangkan ALA berhubungan dengan berat lahir.

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Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) is important during pregnancy and influence birth outcome. Limited published study in Indonesia related to dietary omega-3 FAs intake among pregnant women and its association with infant birth size. A cross-sectional study was designed among registered antenatal care and >32 weeks of gestational age pregnant women in all sub-district public health centers in East Jakarta. Structured interview, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ), shorrboard, and HemoCue were used to assess maternal factors, usual intake of omega-3 FAs, measure anthropometric and hemoglobin level data respectively. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) SECA tape, pediatric weighing scale and medical record were used to assess infant head circumference, birth weight and length, respectively. Multivariate analysis was used to find adjusted association between omega-3 FAs intake and birth size. Pregnant women with fat intake below 54.27 mg/d would have 2.1 (95% CI: 1.16-4.03) times higher risk to have sub normal head circumference while pregnant women with alpa-linolenic acid (ALA) intake below 0.82 gram/d would have 95 (95%CI: 9.3-180) gram lower birth weight in adjusted data. None of omega-3 fatty acids was associated with birth length. Fat and ALA had association with head circumference and birth weight, respectively.

Abstrak :
Asam lemak omega-3 merupakan komponen penting pada pembentukan sel saraf, retina dan membran sel. Penelitian terakhir menunjukkan bahwa asam lemak omega-3 berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan janin. Ibu hamil dengan asupan asam lemak omega-3 yang tidak tercukupi memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR). Di Indonesia, angka BBLR masih tergolong tinggi. Oleh karena itu, kecukupan asam lemak omega-3 sangat penting untuk diperhatikan pada ibu hamil sejak awal kandungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecukupan asam lemak omega-3 ibu hamil di Indonesia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang. Subjek penelitian merupakan ibu hamil sehat dengan usia gestasi hingga 20 minggu. Kecukupan dinilai melalui pendataan asupan asam lemak omega-3, omega-6 beserta rasionya dan pemeriksaan kadar asam lemak omega-3 membran eritrosit. Data penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan asam lemak omega-3 total subjek penelitian masih kurang akibat rendahnya rerata asupan ALA subjek, meskipun rerata asupan EPA dan DHAnya telah terpenuhi. Asupan asam lemak omega-6 total subjek telah terpenuhi, begitu pula dengan asupan LAnya, tetapi asupan AA subjek masih belum terpenuhi. Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 sebagian besar subjek masih kurang baik. Dari uji korelasi ditemukan adanya korelasi positif bermakna antara asupan EPA dengan kadar DHA (r=0,34) dan kadar EPA+DHA (r=0,38), asupan DHA dengan kadar DHA (r=0,31), asupan EPA+DHA dengan kadar DHA (r=0,34) dan kadar EPA+DHA (r=0,35). Rasio asupan asam lemak omega-6/omega-3 ditemukan memiliki korelasi negatif bermakna dengan kadar EPA (r= ?0,34). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam lemak omega-3 ibu hamil belum tercukupi sehingga diperlukan edukasi dan screening kecukupan asupan asam lemak omega-3 bagi ibu hamil sejak awal kandungan.

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Omega-3 fatty acids are important components of neural, retinal and cell membranes. Latest findings show that omega-3 fatty acids play a role in fetal growth. Pregnant women with low intakes of omega-3 fatty acids were found to have higher risk of low birth weight (LBW). In Indonesia, LBW prevalence is still high. Thus omega-3 fatty acids sufficiency is of great importance starting early in pregnancy. The aim of this study is to determine omega-3 fatty acids status of pregnant women in Indonesia. The design of the study is cross-sectional. Subjects are healthy pregnant women with gestational age up to 20 weeks pregnancy. Omega-3 fatty acids status obtained from interview on intakes of omega-3 fatty acids and level of omega-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membrane. The data?s then analyzed using Spearman correlation test. The study results show that total omega-3 fatty acids intakes are insufficient, due to low ALA intake, even though EPA and DHA intakes are sufficient. Intakes of total omega-6 fatty acids and LA are sufficient but AA intake is very low. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids intake is found to be higher than expected. Spearman correlation test shows significant positive correlations between intake of EPA and DHA level (r=0.34), intake of EPA and EPA+DHA level (r=0.38), intake of DHA and its level (r=0.31), intake of EPA+DHA and DHA level (r=0.35), intake of EPA+DHA and its level (r=0.34). Ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids intake is found to be significantly correlated with EPA level (r=?0.34). In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acids intake of pregnant women in Indonesia is still insufficient. Therefore, education to increase omega-3 fatty acids intake during pregnancy and screening of omega-3 fatty acids intake need to be perform early in pregnancy.

Abstrak :
Asam lemak omega-3 merupakan asam lemak essensial bagi tubuh manusia. Mikroalga merupakan salah satu sumber asam lemak omega-3 yang sangat prospektif untuk dikembangkan, karena kualitas yang lebih tinggi dibanding sumber asam lemak omega-3 lainnya. Pemanfaatan langsung asam lemak omega-3 dari mikroalga memerlukan biaya produksi lebih tinggi. Sehingga penelitian terkini banyak diarahkan pada studi genetika terhadap enzim yang berperan penting dalam biosintesis asam lemak omega-3, salah satunya adalah enzim omega-3 desaturase. Penelitian ini akan difokuskan pada isolasi dan kloning gen yang mengkode enzim omega-3 desaturase dari mikroalga Nannochloropsis sp. Gradient Polymerase Chain Reaction ( PCR ) berhasil mengamplifikasi gen omega-3 desaturase dengan panjang 489bp. Gen disisipkan pada plasmid T-vector pMD20 dan dikloning pada sel kompeten bakteri Escherichia coli DH5α. Konfirmasi produk kloning melalui colony PCR dan dari hasil konfirmasi berat molekul yang dianalisa menggunakan metode agarose electrophoresis menunjukkan terdapat 6 koloni yang positif mengandung gen omega-3 desaturase. Konfirmasi dengan DNA sequencing masih perlu dilakukan di masa yang akan datang. ......Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids for the human body. Microalgae is one source of omega-3 fatty acids which is highly prospective for development, because it has higher quality than the other sources of omega-3 fatty acids. Direct utilization of omega-3 fatty acids from microalgae requires higher production cost. Therefore, many of the recently studies focus on genetic study for the enzymes which play important role in biosynthesis of omega-3 fatty acids, one of them is omega-3 desaturase enzyme. This research will be focused on the isolation and cloning of gene encoding omega-3 desaturase enzyme from microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. Gradient Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) successfully amplified 489bp of omega-3 desaturase gene. The gene was inserted into T-Vector pMD20 plasmid and cloned to Escherichia coli DH5α competent cell. Confirmation cloning product using colony PCR and from molecular weight analyzing by agarose electrophoresis method showed that there are 6 colonies positively content omega-3 desaturase gene. Confirmation by DNA sequencing still needs to be done in the future.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Inflamasi kronik berhubungan dengan tumor dan menyebabkan prognosis yang buruk pada pasien kanker. Salah satu penanda inflamasi yang meningkat pada tumor adalah C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Kadar CRP meningkat pada lebih dari 50% pasien keganasan. Peningkatan CRP berhubungan kuat dengan keparahan penyakit pada beberapa kanker. Salah satu zat gizi dalam inflamasi adalah asam lemak omega-3. Asam lemak omega-3 dapat meningkatkan pembentukan specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) yang berfungsi meningkatkan mediator antiinflamasi, melindungi blood brain barrier, menurunkan sitokin proinflamasi, menurunkan apoptosis neuron. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan CRP pada pasien tumor sistem saraf pusat. Metode : Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan pada subjek berusia 18-65 tahun di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan November hingga Desember 2023. Pengukuran CRP menggunakan metode immunoturbidimetric assay. Pengambilan asupan asam lemak omega-3 menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaires semikuantitatif. Analisis bivariat digunakan untuk menilai hubungan antara variabel bebas dan terikat. Hasil : Dari total 63 subjek penelitian, sebanyak 35 subjek (55,6%) pada kelompok asupan asam lemak omega-3 < 2 g/hari dan 28 subjek (44,4%) pada kelompok asupan asam lemak omega-3 ≥ 2 g/hari. Nilai median CRP 8,3 (0,6 – 71,5) mg/L. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p = 0,714) antara asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan CRP pada pasien tumor sistem saraf pusat. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara asupan asam lemak omega-3 dengan CRP pada pasien tumor sistem saraf pusat. ......Background: Chronic inflammation is associated with tumors and causes poor prognosis in tumor patients. One of the inflammatory markers that increase in tumors is C-Reactive Protein (CRP). CRP levels are elevated in more than 50% of patients with malignancies. Elevated CRP is associated with disease severity in some cancers. One of the nutrients in inflammation is omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids can increase the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) which function to increase anti-inflammatory mediators, protect the blood brain barrier, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce neuron apoptosis. This study aims to assess the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and CRP in patients with central nervous system tumors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects aged 18-65 years at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from November to December 2023. CRP measurement using immunoturbidimetric assay method. Omega-3 fatty acid intake was collected using semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was used to assess the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Results: From the total 63 research subjects, 35 subjects (55,6%) in the omega-3 fatty acid intake group < 2 g/day and 28 subjects (44,4%) in the omega-3 fatty acid intake group ≥ 2 g/day. The median CRP value was 8.3 (0.6 - 71.5) mg/L. There was no significant relationship (p = 0,714) between omega-3 fatty acid intake and CRP in patients with central nervous system tumors. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and CRP in patients with central nervous system tumors.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang di Departemen Radioterapi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar asam lemak omega-3 terhadap massa otot dan kekuatan genggam pada subjek kanker kepala leher yang mendapatkan radioterapi. Kaheksia kanker sering terjadi pada kanker kepala leher akibat peningkatan sitokin proinflamasi yang menyebabkan hipermetabolisme, peningkatan kebutuhan nutrisi, anoreksia, penurunan massa otot dan berat badan. Asam lemak omega-3 berperan dalam menurunkan inflamasi, meningkatkan massa otot, dan kekuatan genggam. Dari 52 subjek yang sudah mendapatkan radioterapi ge;25 kali, 57 adalah laki-laki dengan rerata usia di atas 50 tahun. Lokasi kanker paling banyak di area nasofaring, sebagian besar sudah berada pada stadium IV dan mendapatkan kombinasi radioterapi dan kemoterapi. Sebesar 38,5 dan 32,7 subjek berada pada kategori indeks massa tubuh normal dan kurang. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran kurangnya asupan energi, protein, lemak, dan asam lemak omega-3, serta massa otot sebagian besar subjek yang tergolong kecil 28,4 4,7 , dengan kekuatan genggam sebagian besar subjek tergolong normal, dan kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma seluruh subjek yang tergolong rendah 2,5 0,8 . Data tersebut menunjukkan adanya masalah nutrisi pada pasien kanker kepala leher. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma terhadap massa otot r =0,6, p 50?60 Gy dan 50 Gy. ......This cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, aimed to investigate the correlation between omega 3 fatty acids plasma levels with muscle mass and hand grip muscle strength in subjects with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Cancer cachexia is common in head and neck cancer as a result of the increasing of proinflammatory cytokines that cause hipermetabolisme, increased nutritional needs, anorexia, decreased muscle mass and body weight. Omega 3 fatty acids play a role in reducing inflammation, as well as improving muscle mass and hand grip. There were 52 subjects who had received radiotherapy ge 25 times, 57 were male with a mean age of 50 years. Most cancer sites were at nasopharynx area, mostly in stage IV and received a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There were 38,5 of the subjects in the normal body mass index and 32,7 were in low body mass index. The data from this study showed inadequate intake of energy, protein, fat, and omega 3 fatty acids, as well as muscle mass majority was small 28,4 4,7 , with most of the hand grip classified as normal, and the plasma levels of omega 3 fatty acids all of the subjects were low 2,5 0,8 . The data showed that there were nutritional problems in patients with head and neck cancer. There was strong correlation of plasma levels of omega 3 fatty acids with muscle mass r 0,8, p 50 60 Gy and 50 Gy.