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Abstrak :
Obyek penelitian ini adalah peninggalan industri yang masih hidup (living industrial heritage) yang dikaji melalui arkeologi industri (industrial archaeology). Dipilihnya tema tersebut dalam penelitian ini dengan pertimbangan, selama ini penelitian arkeologi di Indonesia yang mengangkat topik arkeologi industri belum pernah dilakuan, meskipun peninggalan industri banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Manusia sejak masa lampau telah mengenal alat yang digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaannya. Seperti halnya dalam pembuatan gula berbahan baku tebu (Saccharum officinarum). Awal mulanya manusia mengenal pembuatan gula secara tradisional yakni menggunakan seperangkat alat sederhana yang dinamakan ?kilang?, yakni alat yang dibuat dari bahan kayu atau batu, gunanya untuk memeras atau menggiling tebu, digerakkan oleh tenaga hewan sapi atau kerbau. Cara-cara pembuatan gula secara tradisional tersebut setidak-tidaknya telah dikenal sejak abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-18 di Banten, Batavia dan sekitarnya. Bersamaan dengan kekuasaan bangsa Belanda, pada abad ke-19 mulai diperkenalkan teknologi baru dalam hal cara-cara pmbuatan gula, yakni menggunakan mesin-mesin mekanik dan mendirikan pabrik-pabrik gula. Mesinmesin tersebut adalah mesin bertenaga uap air bertekanan tinggi, merupakan wujud teknologi yang berkembang pada abad ke-19, yang ditemukan bersamaan dengan Revolusi Industri di Inggris abad ke-18. Industri gula merupakan suatu mekanisme yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen, lingkungan atau sumberdaya alam yang mendukung, ketersediaan bahan baku, mesin, peralatan, bangunan, dan orang-orang atau manusia yang melakukannya. Industri tersebut telah direncanakan secara matang dengan memperhatikan pertimbangan ekologis. Aktivitas industri gula Cepiring didukung oleh lingkungan alam atau lingkungan fisik yang ada disekitarnya. Berbagai benda-benda teknologi yang ditinggalkan, di masa kini menjadi buktibukti fisik kemajuan teknologi masa lampau, yakni kemajuan teknologi industri dan transportasi. Kemajuan teknologi tersebut disertai pula dengan perubahanperubahan pada masyarakat yakni munculnya masyarakat industri.

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The Object of the research is living industrial heritage seen from the point view of industrial archaeology. The theme is chosen because thus far research on industrial archaeology has not been carried out in Indonesia. Since a very long time ago, human beings have known tools to make their works easier. This was also the case with sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) based sugar manufacture. Initially people made sugar traditionally using a series of simple tools made of wood or stone named ?mill? (kilang) to press or grind sugarcanes. The tool is moved by a bull or water buffalo. Such traditional way sugar manufacture had been practiced at least within 17th?18th centuries AD in Banten, Batavia, and the surrounding environment. With the coming of the Dutch colonial, in 19th century AD new technologies was introduced in sugar manufacturing procedure, such as: the use of mechanical machines and the establishment of more modern sugar factories. The new machines were powered by high-pressured steam, which was a type of technology that was developed in 19th century AD and was innovated during the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom in 18th century AD. Sugar manufacture industry as a mechanism that consist of several component: suitable environment or natural sources, availability of raw material, machinery, apparatus, factory building and manpower. This type of industry was thoroughly planned and taking into account the ecological factors. The activities of the Cepiring sugar factory were supported by suitable natural sources or physical environment. The various technological items that survived are the physical evidences of technological advancement in the past in the fields of industry and transportation, which were accompanied.

Abstrak :

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Perkebunan Teh Gedeh di Cianjur, Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan sudut pandang arkeologi industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi proses produksi teh dan kehidupan sosial di Perkebunan Teh Gedeh melalui keletakan bangunan-bangunan serta arsip. Bangunan-bangunan yang diteliti antara lain bangunan untuk produksi, bangunan untuk tempat tinggal, dan infrastruktur sedangkan arsip yang digunakan berupa foto, peta dan surat kabar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga tahapan dalam proses produksi teh Perkebunan Teh Gedeh, yaitu praproduksi, produksi dan pasca produksi serta alat-alat yang digunakan pada tahapan-tahapan tersebut. Kelas sosial di Perkebunan Teh Gedeh terbagi menjadi golongan atas, golongan menengah dan golongan pekerja yang terlihat dari pekerjaan, tempat tinggal, pakaian, serta gender. Keletakan bangunan-bangunan di Perkebunan Teh Gedeh memiliki makna dan tujuan tertentu terkait dengan fungsi pengawasan dan fungsi strategis.

 

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This study discusses Gedeh Tea Plantation in Cianjur, West Java, using point of view of industrial archaeology. This study aims to reconstruct the tea production process and social life in Gedeh Tea Plantation through the location of buildings and archives. The buildings studied include buildings for production, buildings for housing, and infrastructure, while the archives used are photos, maps, and newspapers. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that there are three stages in the tea production process of Gedeh Tea Plantation, namely preproduction, production, and post-production, and the tools used at these stages. The social class in Gedeh Tea Plantation is divided into the upper class, middle class, and working-class as seen from their occupation, residence, clothing, and gender. The location of the buildings in the Gedeh Tea Plantation has a specific meaning and purpose related to its supervisory and strategic functions.

 

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini membahas Pabrik Gula Soemberhardjo dengan menggunakan kajian arkeologi industri. Pengaruh Belanda pada masa kolonial memicu berkembangnya industrialisasi di Nusantara. Salah satu industri yang berkembang adalah industri gula. Berbagai kebijakan yang diterapkan pemerintah kolonial mempengaruhi dinamika industri gula di Nusantara. Kondisi tersebut mendorong berkembangnya pabrik-pabrik gula, salah satunya PG Soemberhardjo. Lingkungan serta ketersediaan infrastruktur menjadi faktor penentu dalam pendirian pabrik gula. Pendirian PG Soemberhardjo didukung dengan keberadaan bangunan pabrik, pemukiman pegawai, dan peralatan produksi. Kelas-kelas sosial pada masyarakat industri di PG Soemberhardjo terbentuk berdasarkan jabatan yang tercermin dari bentuk rumah tinggal pegawai. Emplasemen pabrik gula soemberhardjo dibentuk untuk mengakomodir kelas-kelas sosial yang ada.

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ABSTRACT
This research is to study PG Soemberhardjo using industrial archaeology as the perspective. Dutch influence in colonial era triggered the process of industrialization in Nusantara. Regulations introduced by the colonial government in that era affected the nature of sugar industries. The outcome was the thriving of sugar factories accross Nusantara, one of the sugar factory built in this era was PG Soemberhardjo. Environment and infrastructures are the determinant factors in the establishment of sugar factory. The establishment of PG Soemberhardjo was supported by the construction of the factory building, worker?s settlement, and the availability of machineries. Social structures in PG Soemberhardjo?s industrial society was formed based on the job position in factory and such structures are reflected in the form of the dwellings. Emplacement of PG Soemberhardjo was constructed to accomodate those kind of social structures

Abstrak :
The Council for British Archaeology was the first organisation to champion the cause of 'Industrial Archaeology', over 50 years ago. Since the term 'Industrial Archaeology' was first used by the CBA in the late 1950s, the landscape of our industrial towns and cites has changed beyond recognition. Our industrial heritage is all around us, but many of the structures are severely threatened by modern development. This has recently been recognised by English Heritage with the publication of their Industrial Heritage at Risk list. Britain has long been recognised as the cradle of the industrial revolution, and buildings and monuments from industries as diverse as brewing to china clay extraction can be found around the UK. This book considers not only the industries themselves but also the power that drove them, the transport network that distributed the products, and the houses in which the workforce lived.

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ABSTRAK
Kajian arkeologi industri memberikan pemahaman dan gambaran akan kehidupan sosial masyarakat industri masa lalu. Objek kajian arkeologi industri berupa artefak, struktur, atau bangunan bekas kegiatan industri. Pada masa kolonial, banyak industri didirikan di Indonesia, dan salah satunya adalah industri gula. Industri gula yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Pabrik Gula Kalibagor di Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini membahas tentang tata ruang emplasemen pabrik yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas produksi dan kehidupan sosial yang ada dalam lingkungan industri Pabrik Gula Kalibagor pada masa lalu. Semua itu dapat diketahui dari pola keletakkan bangunan-bangunan dalam emplasemen pabrik.

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ABSTRACT
Industrial archaeology review provides an understanding and the description about the social life of the past industrial society. The object of the study of industrial archaeology is in the form of artifacts, structures, or former buildings of the industrial activity. During the colonial period, many industries were established in Indonesia, and one of which was a sugar industry. The sugar industry that becomes the object of this research is the Kalibagor sugar factory at Banyumas, Central Java. This study discusses the factory spatial emplacement which is related to the production and social life activity that is presented in the industrial environment at Kalibagor sugar factory in the past. All can be known by the layout pattern of the buildings in factories emplacement.

Abstrak :
Objek penelitian yang diangkat dalam kajian ini adalah industri surat kabar harian Kedaulatan Rakyat yang ada di Yogyakarta. Pemilihan Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai objek penelitian karena belum ada kajian arkeologi industri di Indonesia yang mengambil sektor percetakan atau industri surat kabar menjadi topik pembahasan. Penelitian ini berfokus untuk menggambarkan produksi surat kabar harian Kedaulatan Rakyat pada tahun 1945-1968 melalui kebudayaan material (material culture) yang ditinggalkan, seperti mesin dan peralatan. Sebagai salah satu surat kabar tertua di Indonesia yang lahir empat puluh hari pasca kemerdekaan dan masih menerbitkan berita hingga sekarang (living industrial heritage), Kedaulatan Rakyat menyimpan peran yang besar dalam membantu pemerintah mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia, khususnya di wilayah Yogyakarta. Di masa lalu, teks berita yang ada dalam surat kabar dibuat menggunakan mesin manual dengan cara menekan huruf-huruf timbul berbahan logam pada kertas koran. Tentunya berbeda dengan produksi surat kabar di masa sekarang, menggunakan plat berbentuk lembaran dan mesin cetak modern, yang lebih efektif dan efisien menghasilkan surat kabar dalam waktu yang singkat dan jumlah yang besar. Metode penelitian dari Kenneth Dark dipilih untuk menggambarkan produksi surat kabar di masa lalu. Dark melihat bahwa tinggalan materiil hanya dapat menjelaskan mengenai keberadaan dirinya, untuk itu tinggalan tersebut perlu ditempatkan pada kerangka interpretasi dengan mengaitkan pada sejarah dan fungsi material culturenya agar menjadi bukti arkeologi. Melalui serangkaian prosedur tersebut, dapat direkonstruksi proses produksi surat kabar harian Kedaulatan Rakyat melalui kebudayaan material yang masih tersisa. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi industri surat kabar di Indonesia untuk lebih memperhatikan, menjaga, dan merawat tinggalan mesin dan peralatan yang sudah tidak digunakan karena terdapat perkembangan yang perlu untuk disampaikan mengenai teknologi dan proses produksi surat kabar bagi generasi muda di masa mendatang. Selain itu, kajian ini dapat menjadi peluang lahirnya penelitian arkeologi industri pada sektor-sektor yang lainnya. ......The research object raised in this study is the Kedaulatan Rakyat daily newspaper industry in Yogyakarta. The choice of Sovereignty of the People as the object of research is because there has been no study of industrial archeology in Indonesia which has taken the printing sector or the newspaper industry as the topic of discussion. This research focuses on describing the production of the daily newspaper Kedaulatan Rakyat in 1945-1968 through the material culture that was left behind, such as machines and tools. As one of the oldest newspapers in Indonesia which was born forty days after independence and still publishes news today (living industrial heritage), Kedaulatan Rakyat plays a big role in helping the government maintain Indonesian independence, especially in the Yogyakarta area. In the past, news texts in newspapers were made using manual machines by pressing embossed metal letters on newsprint. Of course, it is different from the production of newspapers today, using sheets in the form of plates and modern printing presses, which is more effective and efficient in producing newspapers in a short time and in large quantities. The research method from Kenneth Dark was chosen to describe the production of newspapers in the past. Dark sees that material remains can only explain his existence, for this reason these remains need to be placed in an interpretation framework by linking them to history and the function of the material culture so that they become archaeological evidence. Through these series of procedures, the production process of the Kedaulatan Rakyat daily newspaper can be reconstructed through the remaining material culture. This research can be input for the newspaper industry in Indonesia to pay more attention to, maintain and care for the remains of machines and equipment that are no longer in use because there are developments that need to be conveyed regarding the technology and process of producing newspapers for the younger generation in the future. In addition, this study can be an opportunity for the birth of industrial archeology research in other sectors.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini merupakan upaya rekonstruksi Stasiun Kereta Api Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, pada akhir abad ke-19 hingga awal abad ke-20 dalam perspektif arkeologi industri. Kajian arkeologi industri adalah salah satu kajian arkeologi yang menekankan interpretasi pada tinggalan industri masa lampau dengan memberikan konteks sosial, ekonomi, dan teknologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, analisis data (analisis bentuk dan kontekstual), dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kegiatan operasional perkeretaapian di dalam Stasiun Kereta Api Sukabumi berdasarkan hubungan keletakan antar bangunan. Pada stasiun ini juga menggambarkan adanya pembagian kelas sosial penumpang. Stasiun ini berperan dalam perantara mobilisasi masyarakat dan distribusi barang serta komoditi perkebunan teh sekitar. Stasiun ini juga andil dalam industri pariwisata di Sukabumi. Keberadaan stasiun ini juga memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat pada masa Hindia Belanda yang hendak ke Kota Sukabumi. ...... This research is an effort to reconstruct the Sukabumi Railway Station, West Java, in the late 19th to early 20th centuries in industrial archaeology perspective. The study of industrial archeology is one of the archaeological studies that emphasizes the interpretation of the industrial heritage of the past by providing social, economic, and technological contexts. The research method used includes data gathering, data processing, data analysis (form and contextual analysis), and interpretation. The results of this study are the railway operational activities in the Sukabumi Railway Station based on the location relationship between buildings. At this station also illustrates the existence of a social class division of passengers. This station has a role in community mobilization and distribution of goods and commodities from surrounding tea plantations. This station also has role in the tourism industry in Sukabumi. The existence of this station made easy for people during the Dutch East Indies era who wanted to go to Sukabumi City.

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ABSTRAK
Sawahlunto adalah wilayah yang berkembang karena adanya kegiatan produksi penambangan batubara. Penambangan batubara di wilayah ini sudah dilakukan sejak jaman pemerintahan Belanda tepatnya pada tahun 1892. Penelitian ini terfokuskan kepada bangunan-bangunan berupa rumah tinggal dan fasilitas yang ada sebagai bangunan penunjang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan penggolongan masyarakat yang bekerja di Sawahlunto. Masyarakat itu adalah golongan kelas atas, menengah dan bawah. Mereka memiliki ciri-ciri tersendiri yang dapat dilihat berdasarkan pemukimannya dan pola keletakannya

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ABSTRACT
Sawahlunto is a growing area because of the coal mining production activities. The production of coal in this area has been done since the days of the Dutch government in 1892 to be exact. Research was focussed to buildings such as houses and building facilities there as a supporter. Based on the analysis results obtained classification society working in Sawahlunto. The Society is upper classes, middle and bottom. They have distinctive characteristics that can be seen by settlements and patterns of the location of that buildings.

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Industrial archaeology is a study about the material culture from industrial revolution. This study discuss about social industrial life in the past through its remains, one of them is factory buildings. This paper tried to examine the industrial life in Sugar Factory Ngadiredjo in Kediri. This factory complex was choosen as a case study in this research because the factory buildings, its machinery, and other infrastructures still in good conditions and remain intacts. This study focus about the spatial layout of the factory in order to understanding the power relation concept between white people as ruler and indigenous people as worker. The power relation concept can be known through panopticon system of the emplacement of the buildings.