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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Terapi regeneratif jaringan periodontal pada kasus kerusakan tulang alveolar horizontal telah dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan perlekatan jaringan periodontal secara klinis. Tetapi, efek perawatan pada sintesis matriks ekstraseluler tulang belum diketahui. Osteopontin merupakan salah satu marker penanda tulang sehingga dapat digunakan dalam menganalisis keberhasilan regenerasi jaringan periodontal pascaterapi regeneratif. Tujuan: Menganalisis ekspresi osteopontin pascaterapi regeneratif PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan dan PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold terhadap regenerasi jaringan periodontal. Metode dan Bahan: Sampel penelitian adalah sediaan mikroskopik jaringan periodontal M.nemestrina yang telah ditanam bahan regeneratif PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan dan PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold selama empat minggu setelah perawatan. Sediaan diwarnai dengan metode imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi osteopontin. Ekspresi osteopontin dianalisis area dan intensitas pewarnaannya dengan metode grid pada ImageJ, serta uji statistik menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Median area pewarnaan positif pada PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan 74,81% (53,48%-81,06%) lebih besar dari PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold 63,99% (52,43%-80,31%), namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik pada kedua bahan tersebut (p >0,05). Median intensitas area pewarnaan positif lemah 43,05% (14,16%-61,52%), sedang 14,49% (6,70%-22,81%), dan kuat 17,82% (3,66%-20,20%) pada kelompok PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan lebih besar dibanding PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold, namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Kesimpulan: Ekspresi osteopontin lebih tinggi pada kelompok PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan dibanding kelompok PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold, meskipun kedua bahan tersebut tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. ......Background: Periodontal regenerative therapy in bone horizontal defect cases has been reported to increase clinical periodontal tissue attachment. However, the outcome treatment on the synthesis of bone extracellular matrix is unknown. Osteopontin is one of the bone markers that can be used in analyzing the effectiveness regeneration after periodontal regenerative therapy. Objectives: To analyse osteopontin expression after periodontal regenerative therapy with PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan and PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold. Methods and Materials: Specimen was used from M.nemestrina periodontal tissue that had been planted for four weeks after regenerative therapy with PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan and PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold. Results: Median value of positive staining area in PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan with 74.81% (53.48%-81.06%) is greater than in PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold with 63.99% (52.43%-80.31%), and the two groups statistically showed no significant differences. Median value of positive staining intensity in weak area 43.05% (14.16%-61.52%), moderate 14.49% (6.70%-22.81%), and strong 17.82% (3.66%-20.20%) in PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan is greater than PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold, but there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Regenerative therapy with PDL cell sheet + RGD-modified chitosan increased osteopontin expression higher than PDL cell sheet + chitosan scaffold, even though there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Latar Belakang: Kerusakan tulang alveolar horizontal merupakan defek tulang yang umum ditemukan dalam kasus periodontal, namun belum dapat direkontruksi secara optimal. Kemanfaatan Background: sebagai bahan regeneratif pada defek tersebut telah dilaporkan secara klinis dan radiografis, namun evaluasi secara histologis belum banyak dilakukan. Adanya ekspresi kolagen tipe I pada jaringan periodontal merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan terapi regeneratif. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efektivitas chitosan dan RGD-modified chitosan dalam meningkatkan ekspresi kolagen tipe I secara histologis pada terapi regeneratif dengan pola kerusakan tulang horizontal. Metode dan Bahan: Sampel adalah sediaan biologis tersimpan berupa jaringan periodontal regio gigi insisivus lateral Macaca nemestrina setelah 4 minggu terapi regeneratif dengan chitosan dan RGD-modified chitosan scaffold. Ekspresi kolagen tipe I dievaluasi dengan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi primer COL1A1. Perbedaan area pewarnaan positif dan intensitas warna kolagen tipe I dianalisis dengan metode grid pada ImageJ serta uji statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Kelompok penelitian dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok chitosan dan kelompok RGD-modified chitosan. Hasil: Median area pewarnaan positif chitosan 61,53(46,64-77,67), lebih besar dari RGD-modified chitosan 25,69(17,94-35,20) namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik(p>0,05). Median intensitas pewarnaan lemah 35,40(26,23-50,34), sedang 24,48(3,25-34,95) dan kuat 3,16(0,34-11,65) area pewarnaan positif kelompok chitosan lebih besar dari kelompok RGD-modified chitosan, namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Simpulan: Terapi chitosan scaffold dan RGD-modified chitosan berpotensi meregenerasi jaringan periodontal dengan pola kerusakan tulang horizontal. Penambahan RGD pada scaffold tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap ekspresi kolagen tipe I.

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ABSTRACT
Horizontal alveolar bone damage is a common bone defect found in periodontal cases, but cannot be reconstructed optimally. The usefulness of the use of chitosan and RGD-modified chitosan scaffold as a regenerative material in the defect has been reported clinically and radiographically, but histological evaluation has not been done much. The presence of type I collagen expression in periodontal tissue is one indicator of the success of regenerative therapy. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan and RGD-modified chitosan in histologically increasing type I collagen expression in regenerative therapy with horizontal bone damage patterns. Methods and Materials: Samples were stored biologically in the form of periodontal tissue of the lateral incisor Macaca nemestrina after 4 weeks of regenerative therapy with chitosan and RGD-modified chitosan scaffold. Type I collagen expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using primary antibody COL1A1. Differences in positive staining areas and color intensity of type I collagen were analyzed by the grid method on ImageJ and statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney test. The research group was divided into two, namely the chitosan group and the RGD-modified chitosan group. Results: The median chitosan positive staining area was 61.53 (46.64-77.67), greater than the RGD-modified chitosan 25.69 (17.94-35.20) but did not differ statistically (p> 0, 05). Median intensity of staining is weak 35.40 (26.23-50.34), moderate 24.48 (3.25-34.95) and strong 3.16 (0.34-11.65) positive staining area for chitosan groups is more were large in the RGD-modified chitosan group, but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Chitosan scaffold therapy and RGD-modified chitosan have the potential to regenerate periodontal tissue with a pattern of horizontal bone damage. The addition of RGD to scaffold has no effect on the expression of type I collagen.penggunaan chitosan dan RGD-modified chitosan scaffold

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Terapi regenerasi jaringan periodontal pada pola kerusakan tulang alveolar horizontal selama ini belum membuahkan hasil yang memuaskan. Terapi regenerasi memerlukan scaffold, sel punca, dan signaling molecules. Scaffold dalam terapi regenerasi salah satunya yaitu kitosan. Penambahan arginylglycylaspartic acid RGD pada kitosan membantu adhesi sel. Periodontal ligament PDL cell sheet membantu regenerasi periodontal.Tujuan: Mengevaluasi efek kitosan, RGD, dan PDL cell sheet terhadap perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis pada kerusakan tulang alveolar horizontal.Metode dan Bahan: Model kerusakan tulang horizontal pada M. nemestrina dibuat dengan bur dan elastik ortodontik. Sampel dibagi empat kelompok n=8 : kitosan, kitosan RGD, kitosan PDL cell sheet, dan kitosan RGD PDL cell sheet. Peningkatan perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis dievaluasi setelah empat minggu.Hasil: Peningkatan perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis kelompok kitosan RGD PDL cell sheet 3,00 0,756 mm lebih baik dibandingkan kitosan 1,75 0,707 mm dan kitosan RGD 2,13 0,835 mm .Kesimpulan: Kelompok kitosan RGD PDL cell sheet berpotensi dapat meningkatan perlekatan jaringan periodontal klinis terbaik.

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ABSTRACT Background Periodontal regeneration therapy in horizontal bone defect has not been satisfactory yet. Tissue regeneration require scaffold, stem cells, and signaling molecule. One of scaffold that use in regenerative therapy is chitosan. Combination of chitosan with arginylglycylaspartic acid RGD has the ability to improve cell adhesion. Periodontal ligament PDL cell sheet has the ability to promote periodontal regeneration.Objectives Evaluate attachment gaining on clinical periodontal attachment using chitosan RGD, and PDL cell sheet in horizontal bone defect.Material and Methods The horizontal bone defect model of M. nemestrina was made using bur and orthodontic elastic. Regenerative therapy divided into four groups n 8 chitosan, chitosan RGD, chitosan PDL cell sheet, and chitosan RGD PDL cell sheet. Clinical periodontal attachment was evaluated after four weeks.Results Clinical periodontal attachment of chitosan RGD PDL cell sheet 3,00 0,756 mm was better than chitosan 1,75 0,707 mm and chitosan RGD 2,13 0,835 mm .Conclusion Chitosan RGD PDL cell sheet groups has the potential to increase clinical periodontal attachment.