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Bintan is one of the remarkable islands in Indonesia. The fertile soil, the abundant of water sources throughout the year; the various and numerous mineral resources and the beauty that dazzles with white sandy beach are several of the magic. Bauxite is the other magic of the island, since this mineral is the main mine resource of this island. This article explores the huge potency of alumina and the threat of mining activities in Bintan Island, especially in Gunung Kijang District which located in the eastern part of the main island.

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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES. The term of Ecosystem Services (ES) is defined as the benefits that people obtain from ecosystem. ES are divided into four services, namely supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural. Supporting services are the ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem. Provisioning services are the products obtained from ecosystems. Regulating services are the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem procceses, while cultural services are the non material benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. This article presents component and analysis ofcoastal ecosystem services.

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Sea grape is a kind of potential seaweeds which is rich of secondary metabolites. Glycoglycerolipid and enol groups are metabolites produced from Caulerpa racemosa. In addition, the diterpenoid compounds, triteipenoids, nitrogen components and caulerpenyne (CYN) are major metabolites of Caulerpa species. Caulerpa racemosa is a source of antioxidants, antimicrobials, cytotoxins, antidiabetic, antimociceptive, and anti inflammatory. This species is also potential as a source of medicinal agents and functional food applications as well.

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Indicator organisms are used to measure potential fecal contamination of environmental samples. The presence of coliform bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, in surface water is a common indicator of fecal contamination. Caliform bacteria in water samples may be quantified using the most probable number (AFN) method, a probabilistic test which assumes cultivable bacteria meet certain growth and biochemical criteria. If preliminary tests suggest that coliform bacteria are present at numbers in excess of an established cut off(the Caliform Index), fecal contamination is suspected and confirmatory assays such are conducted. Coliform bacteria selected as indicators of fecal contamination must not persist in the environment for long periods of time following efflux from the intestine, and their presence must be closely correlated with contamination by other fecal organisms.

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Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) is one of the marine fishes that commonly make transnational migration. Whale sharks that were tagged in Australia were known to do a migration pattern crossing the state of East Timor and the Indonesia especially to the F [ores Sea. According to red list IUCN, a world conservation organisation, the whale shark is categorized as Vulnerable and put in Appendix II CITES. While in CMS (Conservation of Migratory Species), this species is classified in Appendix I (Reserved). Several countries in the world such as Australia, Honduras, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Mexico, Taiwan, the Maldives, southern Africa and Indonesia have determined the conservation status of these fish as fully protected. This paper describes some aspects of eco biology, utilization and management of these fish in several countries as well as the review on the conservation and management of whale sharks in Indonesia.

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Designing research activities prior to implementation is important. Design activities include preparation before, while and after study. Preparation before the survey is to prepare administrative, create a map of the sampling location in the held and to prepare equipment to be used in field work. In the field work, noting the position of sampling location, taking samples and making descriptions of the environment around the area of research. Processes in the laboratory including analyzing the samples to obtain data of the grain size (grainsizes), analyze the data content in the sediments (shells of foraminifera and minerals), and create a map bathymetry. After that all of the data can be used to make the scientific paper.

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Lombok is located between Bali and Sumbawa Island. This island is popular as tourist destination, especially for marine tourism. On the other hand, marine fauna from Lombok is not so popular as their beautiful beaches. One kind of marine fauna is snail, neriti snails are common and easy to find along the beach. T here are twelve species of Nerita snails found in Lombok recently. Nine 0fthem were having their representations in the collections of Museum Zoology Bogor; while the rest three are not yet collected. One of museum collection, Nerita acellata Le Guillou, 1841, is never reported from Lombok before.

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The quantitative method for ranking and scaling of biostratigraphic events has been being developed during the past 30 years. The purpose is to combine biostratigraphic dataform exploratory wells drilled in sedimentary basins to construct a regional biozonation that can be used for correlation between sections within a study area. Ranking is illustrated by application to a simple, artificial dataset. Scaling is explained as a refinement of ranking. Implications of sampling of stratigraphic sections are discussed in detail. In this paper used data of Central Sumatra Basin wellbore for example. The results of scaling analysis are 43 biostratigraphic events and 8 biozonation which characterized by last occurrence of optimum events, while the ranking analysis resulted Optimum sequence of probable depth each event of wells. The correlation used Globi erinoides obliguus obliggus as indexfossil.

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Contamination in Indonesian waters needs to be continuously monitored to prevent serious damage an ecosystem. Environmental monitoring involves not only contamination analyses in water; sediment and organisms but also application in ecotoxicological approach to detect contaminant effects to organism. Selection for bioindicator must consider many factors including abundance, easy to handling, taxonomy is well known, sensitivity and ecological relevance. Java merdeka (Oryzias avanicus meets that requirements and potentially to develop as bioindicator for environmental monitoring in Indonesia.

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Metan adalah salah satu gas rumah kaca yang memiliki kontribusi dalam proses pemanasan global. Sumber utama metana adalah lahan basah yang salah satunya adalah ekosistem mangrove. Metana di ekosistem mangrove dihasilkan dari penguraian bahan organik di dalam sedimen oleh mikrorganisme anaerobik yang dikenal dengan nama bakteri methanogen. Besarnya metana yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme, kondisi lingkungan dan atribut bahan organik. Tulisan ini mengulas tentang atribut atribut bahan organik dan pengaruhnya terhadappembentukan metana di sedimen mangrove. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kandungan karbon oganik total (TOC) dalam bahan organik berperan besar sebagai sumber karbon dalam pembentukan metana. Semakin besar kandungan TOC semakin besar pula produksi metana. Rasio unsur karbon dan nitrogen (C/N) dalam bahan organik juga memiliki peran penting. Rasio C/N yang tinggi akan menghambatpertumbuhan bakteri methanogen akibat kurangnya nutrisi sedangkan rasio C/N yang rendah akan menghasilkan amoniak yang bersifat toksik untuk methanogen. Produksi metana yang melimpah dihasilkan dari bahan organic mudah terurai yang mengandung sedikit lignin yang umumnya berasal dari makroalga laut. Selain itu, metana akan banyak dihasilkan jika bahan organik memiliki ukuran pori yang besar dan tidak terlindungi secara kimiawi atau tidak berikatan dengan mineral.