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"Kehilangan ambigu psikologis psychological ambiguous loss-PAL) adalah situasi yang terjadi ketika terdapat ketidakjelasan mengenai kehadiran maupun ketidakhadiran orang terkasih secara psikologis. PAL bersifat laten, karenanya PAL cenderung mudah terlewatkan, dan bila tidak tertangani dengan baik, PAL dapat menimbulkan gangguan fisik dan mental pula. PAL dapat terjadi pada beragam populasi, termasuk pada para pasangan penderita gangguan mental kronis, misalnya gangguan kecemasan (anxiety disorders-AD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali pengalaman pasangan penderita AD (PPAD) dan menyelidiki keberadaan PAL pada para PPAD yang hidup berdampingan dengan partner mereka yang merupakan para penderita AD (PAD). Partisipan adalah lima orang PPAD, terdiri dari empat pria dan seorang wanita, usia 30-52 tahun yang memiliki pasangan yang menderita AD dalam rentang waktu 6 bulan sampai 12 tahun. Metode yang digunakan adalah Analisis Fenomenologis Interpretatif. Prosedurnya diawali dengan meneliti pengalaman PPAD secara umum, untuk menemukan keberadaan PAL. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap pengalaman PAL yang ditemukan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat delapan tema dalam pengalaman PPAD: kesulitan memahami gejala AD; pandangan dan perasaan negatif terhadap partner; kehilangan; tekanan psikologis; penerimaan; kurangnya dukungan sekitar; kedaulatan Tuhan; dan harapan. Secara umum, hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan keberadaan PAL pada PPAD, tanpa para PPAD ketahui. Selain itu, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PPAD mengalami keluhan fisik dan psikis, dan mereka merasa tidak ada jalan keluar, serta minimnya dukungan sekeliling. Meski demikian, mereka mencoba menerima dan mendukung partner mereka, sambil terus melakukan koping, khususnya koping relijius, sekaligus berharap mengenai kesembuhan partner mereka. Di samping itu, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada masyarakat dengan cara menggugah kesadaran publik tentang PAL pada PPAD, serta menekankan perlunya mendukung para PPAD, sehingga dukungan berupa intervensi psikoedukatif berbasis PAL dapat diberikan pada mereka.

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Psychological ambiguous loss (PAL) is a situation when there is lack of clarity of the psychological presence or absence of a loved one. PAL is subtle and therefore tend to be easily overlooked. If not treated, PAL can cause other physical and psychological issues as well. PAL can affect different populations, including the spouses of people who suffer from chronic mental disorder, such as anxiety disorders (AD), which are one of the chronic and common mental disorder with significant impact on the AD sufferers as well as their spouses (SADS).

This study seeks to explore SADS's experience and investigate the exsistence of PAL on them. Participants are five SADS, consisting of four males and one female, with age range from 30-52 years, and are living with their partners who suffer from AD ranging from 6 months to 12 years. This current study took an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. SADS's experiences are analyzed to find PAL's existence, and once found, then PAL is analyzed. Eight overarching themes of the participants' experiences of living with AD sufferers, emerged: difficulties to understand AD-related mental and behavioral changes, negative views and feelings towards their partners; experiences of loss; distress; acceptance; little support from others; God's sovereignty; and hope.

In general, the result of this study shows the exsistence of PAL experienced by SADS, unbeknowst to them. Moreover, it shows that SADS are experiencing physical and psychological issues as well, and they feel stuck, and receiving little support. However, the seem to try to accept and support their partners, maintaining religious coping and hope of their partners' recovery. This study contributes to the society by raising public awareness about PAL experienced by SADS, and highlights the need for supporting SADS, so that a better support in form of PAL-related psychoeducational intervention can be delivered to them."

"Latar Belakang : Virus Hepatitis C (HCV) merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit hati kronik yaitu hepatitis kronik, sirosis dan karsinoma hepatoseiuiar. Dari berbagai penelitian tentang HCV, didapatkan adanya hubungan antara penderita HCV dengan gangguan jiwa/psikiatrik, demikian pula berbagai penelitian tentang HCV dan terapi interferon (IFN) telah dilaporkan adanya efek samping berupa gejala neuropsikiatri seperti, malaise, futique, gangguan cemas, gangguan depresi, tentamen suicide dan psikotik. Prevalensi penelitian terakhir tentang gangguan jiwa pada penderita HCV dengan atau tanpa terapi IFN sekitar 32%.Tujuan : Untuk mendapatkan frekuensi dan jenis gangguan jiwa pada penderita hepatitis C di Poliklinik Hepatologi RSCM dan berbagai variabel yang mempengaruhinya.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional, dilakukan pada 85 penderita HCV yang berobat di Poliklinik Hepatologi RSCM. Sampel diambil secara consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) ICD-10. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS for windows 10.0 dengan batas kemaknaan 0,05 serta regresi logistik.Hasil dan Simpulan : Frekuensi gangguan jiwa pada penderita HCV adalah 38 subyek (44,7%), dengan jenis gangguan jiwa antara lain ; Episode Depresi 12 subyek (14,0%), Gangguan yang berkaitan dengan Zat Psikoaktif (nikotin) 1 1 subyek (12,9%), Episode Depresi dan Gangguan Ansietas Menyeluruh 7 subyek (8,3%), Gangguan Ansietas Menyeluruh 5 subyek (5,9%) Episode Depresi dan Distimia 1 subyek (1,2%), Episode Depresi , Gangguan Ansietas Menyeluruh dan Gangguan berkaitan dengan Alkohol 1 subyek (1,2%), Gangguan yang berkaitan Zat Psikoaktif dan Gangguan berkaitan dengan Alkohol 1 subyek (1,2%).Pada 21 penderita HCV dengan terapi Interferon (IFN), terdapat 10 subyek mengalami gangguan jiwa. Tidak terdapat penilaian status mental (evaluasi psikiatrik) penderita HCV oleh tim terpaduu, saat sebelum, selama maupun sesudah dilakukan terapi IFN.Pada uji kemaknaan bivariat, terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status pemikahan (p0,001) dan risiko penularan HCV (p,0,000) dengan gangguan jiwa, sedangkan Pada uji kemaknaan multivariat, didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara risiko penularan HCV dengan gangguan jiwa (p0,001).

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Background : Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is one of the causes of chronic liver disease, such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoceliular carcinoma. Several researches conducted on HCV, a correlation between patients with HCV and mental disorder is found, and also several researches on I-ICV and interferon therapy (IFN) have been reported on side effects neuropsychiatry symptoms such as malaise, Fatigue, anxiety disorder, suicidal attempt, and psychotic. The latest research prevalence on mental disorder in patients with HCV, with or without IFN reaches 32 %.

Purpose : To attain the frequency and type of mental disorder in patients with HCV found in the hepatology outpatient clinic RSCM and the influencing variables.

Method: This research is using cross-sectional design, conducted on 85 HCV patients seeking medical help in the hepatology outpatient clinic. The sample is obtained with consecutive sampling. The chosen instrument is MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview) ICD-10. Statistic analysis is using SPSS for windows 10.0 with the level of significance 0.05 and the logistic regression.

Result and Conclusion: The frequency of mental disorder in patients with HCV is 38 subjects (44.7%), with the following types of mental disorders; Depression Episode (14.0%), Mental Disorder related to Psychoactive Substance (nicotine) 11 subjects (12.9%), Depression Episode and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 subjects (8.3%), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 5 subjects (5.9%), Depression Episode and Mental Disorder related to Alcohol 1 subject (1.2%), Mental Disorder related to Psychoactive Substance and Mental Disorder related to Alcohol 1 subject (1.2%).

In 21 HCV patients, with interferon therapy (IFN), 10 subjects suffer from mental disorder. There is no psychiatric evaluation in HCV patients, with a well-integrated team, as in before, during, and after the IFN therapy.

In the bivariate test of significance, there is a significant relevance between the marital status (p 0.001) and the risk of transmission (p 0.000) with mental disorder, meanwhile in the multivariate test of significance, a significant correlation is found between the risk of HCV transmission and mental disorder (p 0.001)."

"This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of medical and mental illness in children, detailing how psychological, academic, and social functioning can be enhanced – and inherent challenges overcome – in young patients. The volume describes best-practices in depth, including how to ensure accurate diagnosis, developmentally appropriate treatment, and effective coordination between medical and school personnel. It discusses common medical conditions (e.g., asthma, cancer, diabetes) and mental health conditions (e.g., autism, ADHD, depression), emphasizing the critical role of health education in promoting optimal outcomes.Topics featured in this text include: * Screening and diagnosis practices for children with medical and mental illness. * Chronic and condition-related pain in children.* Medical fears that may interfere with treatment and positive health behaviors* Health education and coping strategies for children.* Recommendations for family-directed interventions.* Illustrative case studies and review questions.Medical and Mental Health During Childhood is an essential text for graduate students as well as a valuable reference for researchers, professors, and clinicians in clinical child and school psychology, social work, public health, family studies, educational psychology and counseling, health education, and allied disciplines."