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Abstrak :
Anticarbohydrate antibodies provides a cohesive overview of current knowledge on the immunological recognition of carbohydrates by the adaptive immune system. The text provides fundamental insight needed for advancing clinically relevant diagnostics and therapeutic applications.

Abstrak :
Providing a comprehensive review of neutralization and the ability to measure and apply antibodies to modern science and medicine, Detection and quantification of antibodies to biopharmaceuticals : practical and applied considerations, provides biotechnology companies and pharma drug development specialists with insight into the design, optimization, and qualification of assays, as well as the establishment of sampling strategies, choice of appropriate assay end-points, and data analysis for the detection and quantification of neutralizing antibodies to biopharmaceuticals. The text also compares the strengths and weaknesses of various assays.

Abstrak :
Akrilamida merupakan senyawa kimia yang bersifat karsinogenik, terdapat dalam sejumlah makanan yang melalui proses pemanasan tinggi. Pentingnya suatu alat deteksi yang dapat mendeteksi keberadaan akrilamida pada sampel makanan menjadi suatu hal yang sangat berguna pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini merupakan pengembangan alat deteksi untuk deteksi keberadaan Akrilamida (AA) di dalam sampel makanan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 4 tahap, yaitu: sintesis antigen NAS-BSA, produksi, purifikasi dan karakterisasi antibodi, sintesis AuNP untuk label dalam perangkat sensor AA berbasis sandwich LFIA dan aplikasinya untuk pengujian sampel kopi. Sintesis antigen NAS-BSA yang berupa cairan tak berwarna berhasil diperoleh. Pemurnian antibodi dilakukan menggunakan ammonium sulfat dan protein A. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan uji presipitasi (AGPT), elektroforesis (SDS-PAGE), tanpa elektroforesis (DBIA), dan Indirect ELISA. Konsentrasi antibodi crude (tanpa pemurnian), pemurnian ammonium sulfat dan protein A berturut turut sebesar1,812 mg/mL, 0,751 mg/mL, dan 0,932 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE antibodi menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian protein A lebih murni dibandingkan dengan ammonium sulfat dan crude antibodi, yang menunjukkan pita pada 50 kDa dan 25 kDa. Hasil karakterisasi DBIA menunjukan spesifitas yang baik terhadap akrilamida, dan Indirect ELISA menunjukkan titer antibodi yang semakin meningkat. Nanopartikel emas (AuNP) dan konjugat AuNP-anti-AA telah berhasil disintesis dan  dikarakkterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer Visible, FTIR, dan TEM. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan tidak terjadi perbedaan ukuran nanopartikel yang signifikan. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa AuNP dan konjugat AuNP-anti AA telah berhasil disintesis dan dapat digunakan sebagai label. Strip test immunokromatografi untuk sensor akrilamida sudah berhasil difabrikasi dan bekerja dengan spesifik untuk mendeteksi larutan akrilamida standar. Strip test immunokromatografi berhasil mendeteksi akrilamida pada sampel kopi secara kualitatif.

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Acrylamide (AA) is neurotoxin and carcinogenic which is found in food with high heating process.In this work, we developthe detection devices for presence of AA in food samples. We conducted 4 stages in this study, (i) NAS-BSA antigen synthesis, (ii) production, purification and characterization of antibodies, (iii)synthesis AuNP as labels in LFIA sandwich-based AA sensor devices and (iv) detection of AA in coffee sample. The synthesis of NAS-BSA antigen in the form of colorless liquid was successfully obtained and confirmed by Ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Antibody purification was carried out using ammonium sulfate and protein A. Characterization was carried out using precipitation tests (AGPT), electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), without electrophoresis (DBIA), and Indirect ELISA. The crude antibody concentration (without purification), ammonium sulfate purification and protein A were 1,812 mg/mL, 0.751 mg/mL and 0.932 mg/mL, respectively. The SDS-PAGE antibody results showed that purification of protein A was purer compared to ammonium sulfate and crude antibodies, which showed bands at 50 kDa and 25 kDa. The results of DBIA characterization showed good specificity for acrylamide, and Indirect ELISA showed an increasing antibody titer. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and AuNP-anti-AA conjugates have been successfully synthesized and characterized using Visible, FTIR, and TEM spectrophotometers. The results show no significant difference in the size of the nanoparticles and can be used as labels. Immunochromatographic test strips for acrylamide sensors have been fabricated and detect specifically for standard acrylamide solution and coffee samples qualitatively.

Abstrak :
Pada awal penyakit diagnosis Artritis reumatoid (AR) sering dikacaukan dengan Lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES). Persendian terutama pada tangan dapat terserang pada kedua penyakit, sehingga pasien LES sering salah diagnosis sebagai AR. Oleh karena hasil-akhir dari kedua penyakit ini sangat berbeda , maka dibutuhkan suatu marker serologik untuk membedakan keduanya pada saat awitan penyakit. Antibodi anti-citrullinated peptide (anti ?CCP) telah dilaporkan sangat spesifik pada AR. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memastikan spesifitas antibodi anti-CCP pada AR dan kemungkinan antibodi ini dapat membedakan pasien RA dari SLE. Penelitian ini suatu studi potong-lintang pada pasien AR (n=27), LES dengan artritis (n=20). penyakit otoimun lain (non-reumatik, n=8) dan kontrol dewasa (n=20). Anti-CCP diperiksa dengan cara Elisa dan faktor-reumatoid (FR) dengan uji latex. Sensitivitas dan spesifitas anti-CCP untuk diagnosis RA adalah 63.0% dan 97.9%, dibandingkan dengan FR yang hanya sebesar 40.7% dan 85.4%. Hanya 1 dewasa sehat dengan anti-CCP+, tidak satupun pasien LES maupun pasien penyakit otoimun lain yang mempunyai anti-CCP+. Nilai rerata titer anti-CCP pada dewasa sehat, penyakit otoimun lain, LES dan AR berturut-turut sebesar 1.35 ± 2.04, 0.63 ± 0.59, 0.75 ± 0.59, and 38.17 ± 44.22 RU/ml. Terdapat perbedaan sangat bermakna di antara titer anti-CCP pada pasien AR dengan yang lainnya (p<0.001). Disimpulkan bahwa deteksi anti-CCP sangat berguna untuk diagnosis AR, dan untuk membedakan AR dari LES. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 227-31) ...... Diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be confused in their initial stages. The joints, especially the hands, are commonly affected in both disorders, many patients with SLE are initially misdiagnosed as having RA Given that the outcome for the two diseases is diverse, it would be helpful to have serological marker to distinguish between them at onset. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) have recently been described as highly specific for RA. The objective of this study is to confirm the specificity of anti-CCP antibodies and to determine whether they might distinguish patients with RA from those with SLE. This study is a cross sectional study on a group of patients with RA (n=27), SLE with arthritis (n=20), other autoimmune diseases (non-rheumatic diseases, n = 8), and healthy adults (n=20). Anti-CCP was determined by a commercial Elisa test and Rheumatoid factor (RF) was determined by the standard slide latex test. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP for the diagnosis of RA was 63.0% and 97.9% respectively, comparing with RF for RA that was 40.7 % and 85.4 %. Only 1 healthy adult was anti-CCP+, no anti-CCP was detected from SLE and other autoimmune disease. The mean of titer anti CCP in normal healthy adult, other autoimmune diseases, SLE and RA was 1.35 ± 2.04, 0.63 ± 0.59, 0.75 ± 0.59, and 38.17 ± 44.22 RU/ml, respectively. There was a highly significant difference between the mean of titer anti CCP for RA with others diseases (p<0.001). We conclude that detection of anti-CCP is very useful for the diagnosis of RA and distinguishing RA from SLE. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 227-31).

Abstrak :
This volume is focused on the development of vaccines which generate immune effectors capable of blocking mucosal entry or peripheral pathogen spread. Other chapters describe strategies for enhancing uptake of mucosal vaccines, for instance through targeted delivery to antigen-sampling M cells, construction of virus-like particles which mimic natural pathogens, addition of mucoadhesives or formulation as nanoparticles. Topics include edible vaccines as well as plant-based production of subunit or particulate vaccines that could be administered by any route. Dry powder vaccines that could be insufflated or directly applied to mucosal surfaces may be particularly ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries. The manufacture, stability and efficacy of powder formulations is comprehensively reviewed. We conclude with chapters on two of the greatest challenges facing mucosal vaccine development : human immunodeficiency virus and bioterrorist agents. This monograph highlights progress and information that should prove invaluable for the development of contemporary vaccines that prevent infection by these and other mucosal pathogens.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAKk
Latar Belakang: Proses destruksi trombosit pada pasien trombositopenia imun primer diduga terutama terjadi melalui perantaraan antibodi terhadap glikoprotein permukaan trombosit. Antibodi anti-GPIIb/IIIa dan anti-GPIb/IX merupakan antibodi yang spesifik terhadap trombosit dan megakariosit. Beragamnya karakteristik klinis serta respon terapi pada pasien trombositopenia imun dipikirkan dipengaruhi oleh heterogenitas kompleks glikoprotein spesifik. Belum ada data tentang profil antibodi antiglikoprotein permukaan trombosit pada pasien trombositopenia imun primer dewasa. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil antibodi antiglikoprotein permukaan trombosit pada pasien trombositopenia imun primer dewasa. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan subjek pasien trombositopenia imun primer dewasa di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan Maret-Oktober 2013. Variabel yang diteliti adalah antibodi anti-GPIIb/IIIa dan anti-GPIb/IX dengan teknik MAIPA direk. Hasil: Didapatkan 40 subjek selama penelitian. Sebanyak 10 subjek dengan diagnosis trombositopenia imun primer newly diagnosed yang belum mendapatkan terapi dan 30 subjek trombositopenia imun primer persisten/kronik yang sudah atau pernah mendapatkan terapi di Poliklinik Hematologi Onkologi Medik Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RSUPNCM selama penelitian. Median usia seluruh subjek adalah 24,5 tahun (rentang 17-55) dengan 82,5% subjek berjenis kelamin perempuan. Tujuh puluh persen subjek memiliki skor ITP Bleeding Score (IBLS) 2. Persentase respon komplit, respon, dan tidak respon terhadap terapi kortikosteroid adalah 42,5%, 45%, dan 12,5%. Pada kelompok trombositopenia imun kronik/persisten proporsi antibodi anti-GPIIb/IIIa adalah 20/30 dengan median optical density (OD) 0,461(rentang 0,093-2,116) dan proporsi antibodi anti-GPIb/IX adalah 25/30 dengan median OD 0,507(rentang 0,190-1,924). Pada kelompok trombositopenia imun newly diagnosed proporsi antibodi anti-GPIIb/IIIa adalah 7/10 dengan rerata OD 0,802±0,71 dan proporsi antibodi anti-GPIb/IX adalah 8/10 dengan rerata OD 0,82±0,57. Simpulan: Sebesar 85% pasien trombositopenia imun primer memiliki antibodi anti-GPIIb/IIIa dan anti-GPIb/IX. Terdapat proporsi respon terhadap terapi yang hampir sama antara subjek yang memiliki maupun tidak memiliki antibodi anti-GPIIb/IIIa dan anti-GPIb/IX.

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ABSTRAK
Background: Platelet destructions in immune thrombocytopenia was mediated by autoantibodies against platelet antigen. Antibody anti-GPIIb/IIIa and anti-GPIb/IX were two major antibodies spesific for platelet and megakaryocytes. The diversity of clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses was thought to be influenced by heterogeneity of spesific glycoprotein complexes. There were no data about antiplatelet antibody profile in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Objectives: To find out antiplatelet glycoprotein antibody profile in adult primary immune thrombocytopenia. Methods: This is a cross sectional study of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia patients who attend Hematology Medical Oncology Polyclinic Internal Medicine Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in March to October 2013. Antibodies against the platelet GPIIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX were performed by direct MAIPA technique. Results: A total of 40 patients who had been diagnosed with primary immune thrombocytopenia attended to Polyclinic Hematology Medical Oncology Internal Medicine Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the study. The subjects divided in two groups, 10 subjects with newly diagnosed ITP, and 30 subjects with persistent or chronic ITP. Median age for this study is 24,5 (17-55) years, with 82,5% were female. Seventy subjects have ITP Bleeding Score (IBLS) 2. Response to corticosteroid therapy in all subjects were complete response 42,5%, response 45%, and no response 12,5%. In persistent/chronic ITP group proportion of anti-GPIIb/IIIa is 20/30 with median optical density (OD) 0,461(0,093-2,116) and proportion of anti-GPIb/IX is 25/30 with median OD 0,507(0,190-1,924). In newly diagnosed ITP group proportion of anti-GPIIb/IIIa is 7/10 with mean OD 0,802±0,71 and proportion of anti-GPIb/IX is 8/10 with mean OD 0,82±0,57. Conclusion: Eighty five percent of primary immune thrombocytopenia have antibody anti GPIIb/IIIa and anti GPIb/IX. In response to therapy, there were similary response between subjects that with and without antibody anti-GPIIb/IIIa and anti-GPIb/IX.

Abstrak :
Optimasi uji imunofluoresensi untuk mendeteksi dan membedakan serotipe virus dengue telah dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil, galur sel Vero76 merupakan sel terbaik untuk visualisasi dengan konsentrasi optimum antibodi primer yaitu 3,5 µg/ml untuk 4G2 (Anti Flavivirus), 3,8 µg/ml untuk 15F3 (Anti DEN1), 4,1 µg/ml untuk 3H5 (Anti DEN2), 4,4 µg/ml untuk 5D4 (Anti DEN3), dan 5,8 µg/ml untuk 1H10 (Anti DEN4), antibodi sekunder FITC sebesar 10 µg/ml, dan 7 µg/ml untuk antibodi dilabel Alexa Fluor. Uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa uji imunofluoresensi mampu mendeteksi virus hingga 10-3 (0,001) plaque forming unit (PFU)/ml. Uji spesifisitas menunjukkan antibodi monoklonal yang diproduksi spesifik terhadap setiap serotipe. ......Optimization of immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detecting and serotyping dengue virus had been done. The results showed that Vero76 cell line was the best cell for visualization, with optimum concentration for primary antibody was 3.5 µg/ml for 4G2 (Anti Flavivirus), 3.8 µg/ml for 15F3 (Anti DEN1), 4.1 µg/ml for 3H5 (Anti DEN2), 4.4 µg/ml for 5D4 (Anti DEN3), and 5.8 µg/ml for 1H10 (Anti DEN4), while for FITC-labelled secondary antibody was 10 µg/ml, and 7 µg/ml for Alexa Fluor-labeled antibody. The sensitivity showed that IFA were able to detect viruses up to 10-3 PFU/ml. The specificity assay demonstrated that the monoclonal antibodies were specific to each serotype.

Abstrak :
This new volume in the series focuses on the particular IP issues of therapeutics, vaccines and molecular diagnostics. The first chapter concentrates on basics principles for protecting antibody compounds. Additional ways to create follow-up protection for antibody therapeutics are also discussed. The second chapter gives an overview of the patent landscape in molecular diagnostics, and discusses issues of patentability with respect to the different technologies and compounds used therein. The third chapter gives a broad overview of areas of law that are particularly relevant to the patenting of peptide vaccines and therapeutic peptides as products and in compositions. The scope of patentable subject matter is discussed, as it has been the focus of much wrangling and debate in the courts.