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Abstrak :
Berdasarkan Riskesdas, 25,9 masyarakat Indonesia mengalami karies gigi, banyak diantaranya berasal dari tingkat ekonomi menengah kebawah. terbatasnya fasilitas kesehatan gigi menyebabkan dibutuhkannya sistem perawatan karies yang mudah untuk diaplikasikan, dan berharga terjangkau. Tujuan: Membandingkan kemampuan antibakteri dan remineralisasi dari Propolis Fluoride PpF dan SDF sebagai caries arresting agent pada gigi sulung. Metode: PpF dan SDF diuji menggunakan metode Total Plate Count TPC untuk menentukan kemampuan antibakterinya. Observasi menggunakan SEM dan EDX dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan antibakteri dari PpF dan SDF. Hasil: Pada metode TPC, PpF terbukti dapat menurunkan pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara signifikan. Pada metode SEM, kontrol negatif tampak lebih porus dari kontrol positif. Pada kelompok PpF, tampak pori dari proses demineralisasi tertutup dengan lapisan granulasi. Kesimpulan: Propolis fluoride memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dijadikan alternatif SDF sebagai caries arresting agent pada karies dentin gigi sulung.

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Background According to Riskesdas, 25.9 indonesians are having caries, most of them are from the lower economic groups. Limitation of the health facility led to the needs for treatment of caries that are easy to apply and affordable. Objective To compare the antibacterial and remineralization ability of Propolis Fluoride PpF and SDF on arresting caries of primary teeth. Methods PpF and SDF Materials are tested with Total Plate Count TPC to determine their antibacterial ability. Observations using SEM and EDX was conducted to determine PpF rsquo s dan SDF rsquo s remineralization ability. Results In TPC method, PpF has the ability to significantly decrease the growth of Streptococcus mutans. In SEM method, negative control group looked more porous than the positive control group. In PpF group, it appears the demineralization porous is covered by granulated layer of PpF. Conclusion Propolis Fluoride has a big potential to be an alternative for SDF on arresting dentinal caries on dentin caries of primary dentition.

Abstrak :

Penggunaan antibakteri yang tidak tepat dapat mempercepat dan meningkatkan insiden resistensi antibakteri. Oleh karena itu, evaluasi penggunaan antibakteri di fasilitas kesehatan masyarakat perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibakteri di Puskesmas Sukmaya Kota Depok pada tahun 2019. Studi dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) dan dilihat kesesuaian antibakteri dengan Formularium Nasional untuk Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat I. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif. Data yang dianalisis adalah seluruh data resep yang mengandung antibakteri dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah 8.666 resep. Jenisantibakteri yang banyak diresepkan yaitu amoksisilin (76,30 %) dan siprofloksasin (8,60 %). Pasien yang banyak diresepkan antibakteri yaitu perempuan 60,20% dan pasien berusia 45-59 tahun sebanyak 30,88%. Penggunaan antibakteri di Puskesmas Sukmajaya pada tahun 2019 sebesar 1,889 DDD/1000 pasien/hari. Antibakteri yang menyusun segmen DU 90% adalah amoksisilin (60,99%), siprofloksasin (10,60%), OAT 4KDT (7,33%), OAT 2KDT (4,38%), kotrimoksazol (4,01%), dan streptomisin (3,96%). Persentase kesesuaian penggunaan antibakteri di Puskesmas Sukmajaya Kota Depok dengan Formularium Nasional 84,61%. Penggunaan antibakteri di Puskesmas Sukmajaya pada tahun 2019 cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan puskesmas lain di Kota Depok dan beberapa jenis antibakteri belum sesuai dengan daftar obat Formularium Nasional untuk Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat 1.

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......Misuse of antibacterial can accelerate and increase incidence of antibacterial resistance. Therefore, antibacterial utilization review in health center is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate the use of antibacterial at Sukmajaya Healthcare Center Depok in 2019. The study was conducted quantitatively with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical / Defined Daily Dose (ATC / DDD) method, and the suitability of antibacterial with the National Formulary for Level I Health Facilities was assesed. The study design was cross sectional by collecting data retrospectively. The analyzed data were all prescriptions containing antibacterial with total sampling. The total sample of this study was 8.666 prescriptions. The types of antibacterials that were widely prescribed are amoxicillin (76,30%) and ciprofloxacin (8,60%). Many patients who were prescribed were women 60,20%, patients aged 45-59 were 30,88% . The use of antibacterial was 1,889 DDD / 1000 patients / day. Antibacterials which made up the DU 90% were amoxicillin (60,99%), ciprofloxacin (10,60%), antituberculosis drug 4FDC (7,33%), antituberculosis drug 2FDC (4,38%) cotrimoxazole (4,01%), streptomycin (3,96%). The adherence to the 2019 National Formulary was 84,61%. Antibacterial use at Sukmajaya Healthcare Center Depok in 2019 was quite high compared to other healthcare centers in Depok and some of antibacterials were not appropriate to the National Formulary for Level I Health Facilities.

Abstrak :
Nowadays, the importance thing is antimicrobial phytotherapy, because of a lot of strains of pathogenic microorganisms that have become resistant to the action of antibacterial substances in concentrations with in a therapeutic range. To overcome the problem the antimicrobial of phototherapy can be used as a natural medicine. One of them that has been investigated is the fermented Pangium edule Reinw. seed kernels (kluwak). The objective of this research was to investigation the activity of oil, which was extracted from the seed kernels by methanol against three bacteria thai had been known cause skin infections; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and the activity of ethanol extract fermented seed kernels against three bacteria cause respiratory infections; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus p-hemolyticus Group A, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Oil and ethanol extract of fermented seed kernels showed antibacterial action against both of the above bacteria.