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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Penyakit tuberkulosis paru masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Tuberkulosis menduduki urutan ke 2 sebagai penyebab kematian menurut hasil survey nasional 1992. Dari kepustakaan diketahui bahwa pada penderita tuberkulosis didapati kelainan imunitas seluler, sehingga untuk penyembuhan penyakit tuberkulosis diperlukan pengaktifan sistem imun testa imunitas seluler. Vitamin A sudah lama dikenal sebagai imunomodulator. Dari penelitian terdahulu pemberian retinoid dapat meningkatkan respon imun seluler antara lain kenaikan sel T penolong dan T penolong/supresor. Pada penelitian ini diharapkan pemberian vitamin A sejumlah 2x 200000IU pada penderita TB paru dengan OAT dapat meningkatkan imunitas seluler. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai pengaruh pemberian vitamin A pada penderita tuberkulosis paru yang sedang mendapat OAT terhadap jumlah limfosit total, limfosit T total, sub populasi limfosit T, kadar retinol plasma, dan keadaan klink penderita. Vitamin A 200.000 IU diberikan pada awal penelitian dan setelah 4 minggu. Penelitan dilakukan secara uji klinik tersamar ganda pada 40 penderita TB paru. Penderita dibagi dalam 2 kelompok masing-masing 20 orang yang diberi vitamin A dan placebo. Pada akhir penelitian yaitu setelah 8 minggu, ada 5 orang drop out. Hasil dan kesimpulan : Dari 40 orang peserta penelitian 10% kadar retinol plasma rendah (<20pg/dl), 30%normal, rendah(20-30pg/d.l), 60% normal. Pada pemeriksaan imunitas seluler 53,85% ada gangguan dan 46,15% normal. Nilai rata rata hitung (X) retinal plasma kelompok placebo dan perlakuan sebelum pemberian vit. .A/placebo berturut-turut adalah 30,24 ± 7,51 µg/dl dan 30,82 ±7,31 µg/dl. Setelah pemberian adalah 36,85 ± 9,74 µg/dl dan 38,02 ± 8,29 µg/dl. Pada uji t berpasangan dari kelompok perbkkan kenaikannya bermakna (pABSTRACT Scope and Method of Study : Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a major health problem in the developing countries including Indonesia. Tuberculosis is number 2 as cause of death (National Survey's data, 1992). According to literature study tuberculosis patients are suffering from an immune defect. To recover from the disease the immune response especially the cellular immune response needs to be activated, because mycobacterium TB are living intracellular. Vitamin A is known as an immunomodulator. From earlier research it is known that retinoid could enhance cellular immune response, ie. increasing T helper cells and the ratio Thelperffsupresor. The hypothesis is that supplementation of vitamin A 2x2000001U to pulmonary TB patients could increase the cellular immunity. The aim of this study was to asses the vitamin A supplementation on the immune?s profile of pulmonary TB patient who are on oral anti tuberculosis treatment. Plasma retinot, nutrients intake, BMI, clinical findings were examined. Vitamin A 200.000M was given twice, in the beginning of the study and after 4 weeks. The design of the study was a randomized double blind clinical trial. Forty patients were selected and divided into 2 groups, a placebo and treatment (vitamin A) group. At the end of the study (after the 8th week), 5 patients dropped out. Findings and Conclusions : Among 40 patients 10% showed plasma ret noK20 p g/dl), 30% normal low (20-30pgldl) and 60% normal. (03011g041). The cellular immunity was 53,85% abnormal and 46,15% normal The means (X) of plasma retinol of the placebo and study group before supplementation were 30.24 ± 7,51 µg/dl and 30.82 ± 7.31µg/dl respectively; after supplementation 36.85±9.74µg/dl and 38.02 ± 8.29µgldl respectively. Statistical analysis using paired t test showed that the study group was increasing s' 0,05), however there was no Significant difference between the 2 groups. The mean (X) of total lymphocyte before supplementation of the placebo and study group were 22.61 ± 6.51% and 22.63 ± 8,62%; after supplementation 38.09 ± 19.91% and 35.20 + 10.71%. Both were increasing significant; however there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. The T lymphocyte, T helper and ratio Thelper CT supresor were decreasing. T helper more in the placebo group 5.75% 2.29% but there was no significant difference. This study concluded that although vitamin A supplementation 2 X 200.000 IU could increase the plasma retinol but could not yet improve the immune response and clinical status significantly.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang : Sekuel Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah deformitas permanen sebagai gejala sisa pada pasien yang telah menjalani pengobatan TB lengkap atau sudah dinayatakan sembuh. Pembedahan merupakan tata laksana efektif sekuel TB, meski tidak terbebas dari komplikasi. Penelitian ini ditujukan melakukan evaluasi peran pemberian OAT terhadap komplikasi pascabedah, dan menilai pengaruh riwayat Diabetes mellitus (DM), merokok dan status gizi kurang terhadap kejadian komplikasi pascabedah kasus sekuel TB. Metode : Dilakukan suatu studi kohort retrospektif pada pasien pasien yang menjalani operasi sekuel TB di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan dalam periode 1 Januari 2016 hingga 31 Desember 2019. Faktor pemberian OAT, riwayat DM, kebiasaan merokok dan status gizi kurang serta pengaruhnya pada komplikasi pascabedah merupakan variabel penelitian. Dilakukan uji statistik dengan kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil : Sebanyak 58 subjek dilibatkan sebagai sampel penelitian. Komplikasi pascabedah terjadi pada 36 (62,1%) subjek. OAT diberikan pada 26 (44,8%) subjek. Pemberian OAT menurunkan odds kejadian komplikasi yang bermakna secara statistik rasio odds 0,06 (0,01-0,24); p < 0,001 Simpulan : Pemberian OAT pascabedah menurunkan kejadian komplikasi pascabedah secara bermakna. Komplikasi pascabedah lebih banyak terjadi pada pasien yang tidak menerima OAT pascabedah ......Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) sequelae are permanent deformities identified as residual signs after completion of TB treatment or cured TB cases. Surgery has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment of TB sequelae albeit with possible post-surgical complications. This study aimed to assess the role of antituberculosis chemotherapy in postoperative complications and to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking and nutritional status on the incidence of postoperative complications. Method: A retrospective cohort trial was conducted on patients who underwent surgery of TB sequelae at the Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Persahabatan from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. Administration of antituberculosis chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking habits, nutritional status and their effects on postoperative complications were evaluated. Statistical analysis concluded to be significant if p<0.05. Results: A total of 58 subjects were included in the study. Postoperative complications were observed in 36 (62.1%) subjects. Antituberculosis chemotherapy was administered to 26 (44.8%) subjects. Post-surgical administration of antituberculosis drug reduced the likelihood of complications [OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.24, p <0.001). Conclusion: Antituberculosis chemotherapy significantly reduced the occurence of postoperative complications. Patient who encountered postoperative complication tend not to receive antituberculous chemotherapy

Abstrak :
Tuberkulosis (TBC) merupakan penyakit infeksi pernapasan menular dengan persentase kasus kematian yang tinggi di Indonesia. Provinsi DKI Jakarta masuk dalam wilayah zona merah kasus TBC disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya yaitu terkait pemberian Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) kepada pasien penderita TBC. OAT diresepkan oleh dokter terhadap pasien penderita TBC dan tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadi kesalahan pengobatan. Kesalahan pengobatan kepada pasien dapat menyebabkan resistensi hingga kematian. Tugas akhir ini ditulis untuk meninjau resep OAT dari dokter yang diterima oleh Apotek Roxy Biak dengan mengkaji resep OAT pada bulan Januari 2021 secara administratif, farmasetik, dan klinis. Penulis berharap tugas akhir yang telah disusun dapat menunjukkan kesesuaian resep OAT yang diterima oleh Apotek Roxy Biak terhadap kaidah penulisan resep sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku. ......Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious respiratory disease with a high percentage of deaths in Indonesia. DKI Jakarta Province is included in the red zone of TB cases due to several factors, one of which is related to the administration of Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) to patients with TB. OAT is prescribed by doctors to patients with TB and does not rule out the possibility of medication errors. Medication errors to patients can lead to resistance or even death. This final project was written to review OAT prescriptions from doctors received by Roxy Biak Pharmacy by reviewing OAT prescriptions in January 2021 administratively, pharmaceutically, and clinically. The author hopes that the final project that has been written can show the suitability of the OAT prescription received by the Roxy Biak Pharmacy to the prescription writing rules in accordance with the regulations.

Abstrak :
Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum di dunia, bahkan tergolong mematikan. Pengobatan TB menggunakan obat anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) berupa isoniazid, rifampisin, pirazinamid, dan etambutol. Penggunaan OAT dapat menimbulkan Reaksi Obat yang Tidak Dikehendaki (ROTD) sehingga perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ROTD yang dialami pasien pengguna OAT beserta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada pasien TB paru rawat jalan di RSUD Kota Depok periode Desember 2013 ? April 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif menggunakan data kuesioner hasil wawancara dengan pasien dan data resep pasien. Sampel adalah pasien yang mendapatkan OAT dengan lama penggunaan ≤ 3 bulan. Jumlah sampel yang didapat selama penelitian sebanyak 33 orang. Penderita baru TB paru di RSUD Kota Depok sebagian besar adalah wanita (58%), berada pada usia produktif 15-54 tahun (76%), serta merupakan keturunan Jawa, Sunda, dan Betawi. Pasien yang mengalami ROTD sebesar 85%, 65% di antaranya mengalami lebih dari 1 ROTD. ROTD yang dialami yaitu gatal, mual, muntah, pusing, dan kesemutan. Pasien dengan jenis kelamin wanita, berusia lansia (> 54 tahun), memiliki riwayat penyakit lain, dan menggunakan obat non Kombipak/FDC, memiliki persentase lebih besar untuk mengalami ROTD. Sebanyak 71% pasien yang menggunakan OAT merasakan timbulnya ROTD beberapa jam atau pada hari yang sama setelah minum OAT. Usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit lain, asal suku pasien, dan jenis obat merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya ROTD. ...... The Tuberculosis (TB) is a popular enough problem of health in the world, in many cases and even can cause the death. The Tuberculosis medication using the anti-Tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The use of anti-Tuberculosis drugs can cause The Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) that need to get a special attention. The aims of this research were to evaluate ADR that could happen on the TB pulmonary outpatients who are using the anti-Tuberculosis drugs and the factors which affect it on the patients at RSUD Kota Depok in December 2013 – April 2014 period. The research method that was used is descriptive with the prospective datas collecting method use data questionnaires from interviewed the patients and patient’s data recipes. The sample is the patients who used the anti-Tuberculosis drugs for ≤ 3 months. The samples were gotten during the research are 33 peoples. New patients of TB pulmonary in RSUD Kota Depok are mostly women (58%), in productive ages 15-54 years old (76%), and also from javanese, sundanese, and betawi tribe. The prevalence of patients that feel the ADR is 85%, which 65% patients feel more than 1 ADR. The ADR which was felt is itchy, queasy, vomit, dizzy, and numb. There are 71% patients who consume anti-tuberculosis drugs feel the ADR several hours or in the same day after they have consumed the drugs. The ages, gender, history of other disease, patient’s tribe, and kinds of drugs are the factors that affect the incidence of ADR.