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"Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanin giving a potential application in food product development. However, anthocyanin is relatively unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage. Understanding the stability and bio-accessibility of anthocyanin during processing, storage and simulated digestion is very important. The study aimed to investigate changes in anthocyanin degradation during processing, storage and simulated digestion of purple sweet potato pasta. The pasta was prepared through several processing steps, i.e. steaming the tuber, steaming the dough formula, extrusion, drying and boiling. Anthocyanin was analyzed at every stages of processing and storage of the pasta. The durability of the pasta during storage was analysed using an accelerated shelf-life testing method at 30, 40 and 50ºC for 28 days. The study showed that anthocyanin content decreased during the whole stages of processing and storage, but slightly increased during steaming. The highest loss of the anthocyanin occurred in the boiling process. Based on resistance to stomach and intestinal conditions, the bio-accessibility of anthocyanin was better in the digestive system in the stomach than that in the intestines. The increased anthocyanin appeared again in the colon. This study provides useful information for designing an effective method to minimize an extensive loss of anthocyanin of purple sweet potato for food product development."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari daya terima minuman fungsional kaya antioksidan dari ekstrak klorofil rumput pahit dan antosianin ubi jalar ungu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2016 di Laboratorium Rekayasa dan Analisis Boga, Fakultas Teknik UNJ. Ekstraksi klorofil dari rumput pahit dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan NaHCO3 pada konsentrasi 0.1% (b/v). Ekstrak klorofil tersebut selanjutnya ditambah dengan ion Cu2+ dalam bentuk CuSO4 sebanyak 100 mg Cu2+/L ekstrak klorofil rumput pahit untuk mendapatkan ekstrak klorofil yang lebih stabil. Sementara itu, ekstraksi antosianin dari ubi jalar ungu dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut air dan asam asetat 25% pada perbandingan 30:0.5. Ekstrak klorofil dan antosianin kemudian dicampur dengan perbandingan 1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3 untuk mendapatkan tiga minuman fungsional. Agar dapat diterima panelis, ke dalam campuran tersebut ditambahkan pemanis madu serta flavor pisang dan menthol. Minuman yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dinilai oleh 28 orang panelis agak terlatih dengan menggunakan uji organoleptik (uji hedonik). Hasil uji organoleotik memperlihatkan bahwa ketiga jenis minuman fungsional memiliki tingkat penerimaan agak suka hingga suka (skor 3.4-3.8) untuk aspek warna, rasa, dan aroma. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata tingkat penerimaan panelis terhadap warna, rasa, dan aroma untuk ketiga jenis minuman tersebut. Dengan demikian, dapat dinyatakan bahwa rumput pahit dan ubi jalar ungu dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan minuman fungsional.

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A functional beverage made of chlorophyll extract from bitter grass and anthocyanin from purple sweet potato was formulated and evaluated. Chlorophyll was extracted using of NaHCO3solution with a concentrations of 0.1% (w / v) and then was stabilized with Cu2+ ions through the addition of CuSO4 as much as 100 mg Cu2+/L chlorophyll extract. Meanwhile, anthocyanin was extracted using a mixture of water and 25% acetic acid at a ratio of 30:0.5. Functional beverage was prepared by blending different ratios of chlorophyll and anthocyanin extracts(1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3). To increase the acceptance of the panelists, honey, banana flavor and menthol flavorwas added into the beverages. Sensory characteristic was evaluated by 28 panelists using hedonic test. Hedonic test found that the three types of functional beverages has a acceptance score between 3.4-3.8 or in the range rather like to like, both for the aspect of color, flavor, and aroma (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the bitter grass and purple sweet potato can be used as raw material in making of functional beverages."

"ABSTRAKBiortifikasi adalah paradigma baru di duni pertanian dan merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam meningkatkan gizi masyarakat. Beras yang merupakan makanan pokok di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan kangdungan gizinya melalui program pemuliaan tanaman guna menghasilkan varietas padi yang berasnya mengandung vitamin, mineral, dan/ atau senyawa lain seperti antosianin yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Antosianin dapat dihasilkan oleh tanaman secara alami. Biofortifikasi beras yang mengandung antosianin tinggi telah dilakukan melaluiprogram perakitan varietas padi beras merah dan beras hitam denfab ptosedur pemulihan konvensiona. Dua varietas unggul padi fungsional yang mengandung antosianin tinggi telah dilepas yaitu Inpari-24 Gabusan sebagai varietas unggul padi beras merah dengan kandungan antosianin 8 ug/100g dan Inpari-25 Opak Jaya sebagai varietas ketan merah dengan kandungan antosianin 11 ug/100g. varietas unggul padi beras merah hasil biofortifikasi telah berkembang luas di beberapa daerah karena disukai konsumen dan menguntungkan petani. Beberapa galur harapan padi beras merah dan beras hitam yang mengandung antosianin lebih tinggi masih dalam tahap pengujian daya hasil dan multilokasi. Beberapa di antara galur tersebut diharapkan dapat dilepas sebgai varietas unggul padi beras merah dan beras hitam yang lebih baik dari varietas yang sudah ada. untuk mengatasi penyakit degeneratif seperti kanker, diabetes, dan hipertensi, dengan mengonsumsi pangan fungsional hasil biofortifikasi lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pangan hasil fortifikasi karena senyawa pentig yang ditambahkan melalui biofortifikasi bersifat diwariskan dan langgeng."

"Black rice (Oryza sativa L. “Cempo Irengâ€) is one of local rice varieties in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The black color is caused by high anthocyanin content which is important source of antioxidant. The cultivation of black rice is still limited due to its tall phenotype, long vegetative stage and low productivitycompared to white rice. Paclobutrazol is a growth retardant causing dwarfing in several crop plants and reducing lodging. Blue light can improve plant quality. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of blue light and paclobutrazol on seed germination, vegetative growth and yield of black rice. The results showed that the average of seed germination as well as the activity of α-amylase of seeds subjected to blue light were lower compared to those subjected to sunlight; however, paclobutrazol concentrations did not affect seed germination percentage. The height of rice plants treated with paclobutrazol decreased in accordance with the increase of paclobutrazol concentration. Chlorophyll content and tiller numbers increased by paclobutrazol treatment of 12.5 ppm. Nitrate reductase activity was higher in rice seedlings subjected to blue light compared to those subjected to sunlight. Iron (Fe) content of rice plants treated with 25 or 50 ppm paclobutrazol increased compared to control. It was concluded thatpaclobutrazol applicationof 12.5 ppmalready reduced plant height. The higher concentration of paclobutrazol applied the greater reduction on plant height was observed.Blue light treatment applied during black rice seed germination slightly reduced germination percentage and α-amylase activity in the germinated seeds. However, blue light treatment combined with paclobutrazol application during black rice seed germination increased chlorophyll content, tiller numbers and Fe content in black rice grain."

"Syngonium podophyllum memiliki variasi warna daun, yaitu merah muda, merah muda-hijau, dan hijau. Daun berwarna merah muda adalah yang paling diminati masyarakat. Spektrum warna cahaya diduga berperan dalam kemunculan beragam warna daun S. podophyllum. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh spektrum warna cahaya terhadap warna daun dan pertumbuhan S. podophyllum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan naungan warna (coloured shade cloth) berbentuk kubus dari plastik mika PVC transparan berwarna biru, hijau, dan merah yang masing-masing berisi empat polybag S. podophyllum. Data kualitatif berupa bentuk dan warna daun, serta data kuantitatif yang diukur, yaitu intensitas cahaya, intensitas UV-B, suhu, dan kelembapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan naungan warna berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan warna daun S. podophyllum. Naungan merah paling berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan daun berwarna merah muda. Selain warna daun, naungan warna juga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan S. podophyllum. Naungan warna yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan S. podophyllum adalah biru. Hasil penelitian juga memperlihatkan bahwa S. podophyllum tidak hanya mengalami perubahan warna daun, tetapi juga mengalami perubahan bentuk daun. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui nilai panjang gelombang spesifik guna memvalidasi spektrum warna yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan warna dan pertumbuhan S. podophyllum.

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Syngonium podophyllum has a variety of leaf colors, including pink, pink-green, and green. Pink-colored leaves are the most desirable to the public. The spectrum of light colors is believed to play a role in the appearance of diverse leaf colors in S. podophyllum. The research was conducted to determine the main factors causing the formation of leaf color variations in S. podophyllum. The study was conducted to determine the effect of the light color spectrum on the leaf color and growth of S. podophyllum. The study used colored shade cloth in the form of cubes of transparent blue, green, and red PVC mica plastic, each containing four polybags of S. podophyllum. The qualitative data observed were the shape and color of the leaves. The quantitative data measured were light intensity, UV-B intensity, temperature, and humidity. The study results showed that the color shade influenced the appearance of leaf colors in S. podophyllum. The red shade had the most significant effect on the emergence of pink-colored leaves. In addition to leaf color, the color shade also affected the growth of S. podophyllum. The blue shade had the most significant impact on the growth of S. podophyllum. The results also revealed that S. podophyllum not only undergoes changes in leaf color but also changes in leaf shape. Further research is still needed to determine specific wavelength values in order to validate the color spectrum that has the most significant effect on the appearance of colors and the growth of S. podophyllum."

"Kosensitisasi merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan performa dari dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Kosensitisasi dilakukan dengan menggunaan dua atau lebih zat warna dengan spektrum serapan cahaya tampak yang saling komplementer seperti antosianin yang berwarna biru keunguan dengan brazilin yang berwarna jingga. Pada penelitian ini, performa DSSC yang mendapat perlakuan kosensitisasi dari campuran ekstrak kasar Caesalpinia sappan L. dan Clitoria ternatea dibandingkan dengan monosensitasi masing-masing ekstraknya. Dibuat beberapa variasi perbandingan volume pada campuran yang akan digunakan. Variasi terhadap kondisi pH zat warna juga dilakukan guna memperlebar respon spektral terhadap cahaya tampak. Dilakukan pula evaluasi terhadap stabilitas dari DSSC yang disintesis. Hasil pengukuran campuran ekstrak dengan spektrofotometer UV-Visiblemenunjukkan absorbansi gabungan dari kedua ekstrak penyusunnya. Efisiensi DSSC yang menggunakan fotoanoda terkosensitisasi antosianin dan brazilin menunjukkan angka yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan fotoanoda termonosensitasi. Efisiensi terbaik diperoleh dengan menggunakan fotoanoda terkosensitisasi alkaline CT:CsL 1:2v/v dengan nilai 0,287584%. Evaluasi terhadap stabilitas fotoanoda dilakukan dengan menyinari DSSC selama 1, 3, dan 5 jam. Stabilitas terbaik ditunjukkan oleh DSSC dengan fotoanoda terkosensitisasi CT:CsL 1:1v/v.

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Co-sensitization is one way that can be used to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Co-sensitization is done by using two or more dyes with complementary visible light absorption spectrum, e.g., the purplish-blue coloring anthocyanin and the orange coloring brazilin. In this study, performance of the cosensitize treated DSSC from Caesalpinia sappan L. and Clitoria ternatea crude extract mixture was compared with the mono sensitize of each extract. A number of mixture volume ratio variations were made. Variations of the dye pH condition was also used in order to widen the spectral response toward visible light. A stability evaluation of the synthesized DSCC was also carried out. The UV-Visible spectrophotometer measurement of extracted mixture shows combined absorbance of the two constituent extracts. The co-sensitized DSSC efficiency with anthocyanin and brazilin show higher value compared to the mono sensitized photoanode. The highest efficiency was obtained by using alkalineCT:CsL 1:2v/v co-sensitized photoanode  with value of 0.287584%. Evaluation toward the photoanode stability was carried out by irradiating the DSSC for 1, 3, and 5 hours. The optimum stability was exhibited by DSCC with CT:CsL 1:1v/v co-sensitized photoanode."

"Faced with ever-shrinking reserves of fossil-based energy, in addition to the damaging impacts of the use of fossil-based energy sources, such as the greenhouse effect and global warming, efforts are needed to find energy alternatives. Currently under development as an alternative source of renewable energy, utilizing solar energy as its source, is a device incorporating the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), which works using the simple photosynthetic-electrochemical principle at the molecular level. In this type of device, inorganic oxide semiconductors such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) offer great potential for the absorption of photon energy from the solar energy source, especially in the form of a TiO2 nanoparticle structure. In this study, a commercial TiO2 nanoparticle was used. The as-received TiO2 nanoparticle was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For sensitizer, a natural dye extracted from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarps was used. The extracted natural dye was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) for the functional groups, whereas ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) was used to examine the absorption activity of the extracted natural dye. Performance of the DSSC was analyzed through a precision current versus potential difference (I-V) curve analyzer. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the mangosteen natural dye was obtained using ethanol containing 20% distilled water as compared to commercial organic dye with a PCE of 4.02%. This result is convincing and promising for the next development."

"Ubi ungu mempunyai senyawa antosianin yang merupakan suatu antioksidan. Sifat ubi ungu yang ramah lingkungan, murah, dan mudah didapat menjadikan ubi ungu berpotensial untuk menjadi salah satu inhibitor untuk menggantikan inhibitor lain yang bersifat tidak ramah lingkungan dalam lingkungan NaCl 3,5% pada lembaran baja karbon rendah. Metode kehilangan berat digunakan dalam penelitian kali ini, dengan menggunakan variasi lama waktu pengujian (3,6,9, dan 12 hari) dan penggunaan inhibitor X sebanyak 2 ml. Hasil yang didapat cukup baik dimana efisiensi tertinggi didapat pada waktu pengujian 9 hari dengan efisiensi 37,16%.

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Anthocyanin from sweet potatoes acts as an antioxidant, the caracteristics of antosianin which is environmental friendly, inexpensive, and easy to get makes sweet potatoes very potential to become one of an organic inhibitor to replace other inhibitor that are not environmental friendly in 3.5% NaCl environment at low carbon steel plate. Weight loss method used in this study, using a variety of testing time (3,6,9, and 12 days) and the use of inhibitors X is 2 ml. The result is good enough where the highest efficiency obtained at the time of testing 9 days with 37.16% efficiency."