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"Perawatan dengan gigi tiruan cekat merupakan perawatan yang cukup banyak dilakukan untuk mengatasi kasus kehilangan gigi. Salah satu perawatan dengan gigi tiruan cekat adalah gigi tiruan jembatan. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan perawatan dengan gigi tiruan jembatan. Preparasi gigi merupakan hal yang paling penting karena preparasi gigi akan menghasilkan bentuk untuk menjadi fondasi bagi gigi tiruan tersebut. Preparasi gigi penyangga yang optimal untuk pembuatan gigi tiruan jembatan sukar dilakukan dengan sempurna. Pada preparasi gigi penyangga, syarat mekanis untuk mendapatkan retensi dan resistensi yang baik adalah pembentukan dinding aksial dengan derajat kemiringan/konvergensi tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat derajat konvergensi mesiodistal pada preparasi gigi penyangga berdasarkan lokasi gigi di RSGMP FKG UI. Data diperoleh dari 20 model kerja yang didapat dari pasien gigi tiruan jembatan di klinik Prostodonsia RSGMP FKG UI secara konsekutif. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 40 gigi penyangga yang telah dipreparasi dengan satu kali pengamatan terhadap sudut konvergensi mesiodistal menggunakan kamera digital. Setelah itu dihitung rata-rata sudut konvergensi mesiodistal yang dibentuk dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan lokasi gigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sudut konvergensi mesiodistal yang paling kecil dibentuk adalah pada preparasi gigi anterior rahang atas kiri dan sudut konvergensi mesiodistal yang terbesar adalah pada preparasi gigi molar rahang atas kiri. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin posterior lokasi gigi yang dipreparasi, semakin besar derajat konvergensi mesiodistal yang dibentuk. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan karena akses untuk gigi posterior lebih sulit, yaitu berkaitan dengan visualisasi yang terbatas. Selain itu, gigi posterior memiliki bentuk anatomis dengan keliling/diameter permukaan yang lebih besar dibanding dengan gigi anterior sehingga sulit untuk mendeteksi sudut dengan derajat kecil.

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Fixed prostheses is becoming more frequent and common treatment in field of dentistry for replacing a missing tooth. An example of such treatment is by utilizing a bridge. There are a number of factors that influences the successful outcome of bridge work treatment. Tooth preparation is considered as the most important stage in any dental restoration because it serves as the foundation in any restoration procedure. Optimal abutment tooth preparation in bridge construction is usually difficult and is rarely achieved perfectly. During abutment tooth preparation, mechanical requirements for good retention and resistance can be obtained by a form of convergence angle/taper. The objective of this study is to investigate the degree of mesiodistal convergence in abutment tooth preparation based on tooth location in Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia. The data used are extracted consecutively from 20 working models developed for bridge patients in the hospital, and with 40 abutment teeth already prepared from a single observation of mesiodistal convergence angle using a digital camera. Mesiodistal convergence angle are measured in order to derive average values and, than, to be grouped based on teeth locations. This study reveals that the smallest mesiodistal convergence angle is formed in left upper jaw anterior tooth preparation, while left upper jaw molar tooth preparation produced the largest mesiodistal convergence angle. Based on the analysis derived in this study, it can be concluded that when the location of the treated tooth is more posterior, the angle of mesiodistal convergence will become larger. This may be due to the fact that posterior teeth are normally more difficult to be reached since visually it is more limited. In addition, posterior teeth have larger surface area due to wider circumference or diameter compared to anterior teeth and, hence, causing more difficulties in detecting angle with less degrees."

"As mentioned before in the submitted proposal, the aim of this investigation is to study the wide angle reflection characteristic which has both advantage and disadvantage. The advantage we could obtain from such reflection angle is the stronger reflections (i.e S/N ratio) compared to the narrower angle reflections. This strong reflection makes the horizon identification becomes easier and its amplitudes might be used to study the rock properties using inversion technique. Its disadvantage comes from the fact that wide angle reflection involves what co-called chase distortion that affects the travel-time picking and also the amplitude measurement.Some workers have studied the phase distortion effect and proposed some methods to overcome the problem. Choy and Richards [2] who studied seismograms produced by a caustic region found the similarities between event in the original seismograms and the Hilbert transformed seismograms. They observed that, for example, an sS-wave is a Hilbert transform pair of an SS-wave, which suggested a 90° phase distortion. To tackle the problem of obscure travel-time, they applied the matched filter to the distorted signal after Hilbert transforming the reference signal. This method, however, is limited to 913° phase distortion only.The matched filter is a simple and straightforward method to estimate the amplitude ratio and differential travel-time of two different signals. However, it works well only when both signals have similar waveforms. When the phase distortion occurs, i.e. the original waveform is distorted, the matched filter fails to obtain an optimum amplitude and travel-time estimations. Pointer and Neuberg [8] introduced an iterative matched filter for analysing the effect of a phase distortion. First, the reference signal is phase distorted and used to find the amplitude ratio and travel-time by matched filter. The procedure is repeated ti changing the phase with a particular increment until they obtain the best cross-correlation value automatically revealing the amplitude ratio, the differential travel-time, and the phase distortion. However, the method is sensitive to the choice of the phase increment and in some cases it."

"ABSTRAKPengukuran metode magnetotelluric di lapangan umumnya memiliki desain arah pengukuran Utara-Timur yang tidak searah arah penjalaran gelombang elektromagnetik di bidang batas struktur. Tensor impedansi pada Metode Magnetotellurik terdiri dari berbagai komponen penyusun salah satunya yaitu tensor rotasi. Secara teknis, pengukuran tersebut dapat dilakukan, namun dapat menyebabkan kesalahan interpretasi yang diakibatkan perubahan nilai impedansi yang berkorelasi dengan nilai resistivitas dibawah permukaan. Untuk mengatasi kesalahan interpretasi tersebut, desain pengukuran harus disesuaikan dengan arah struktur dan memperhatikan keadaan geologi. Rotasi merupakan salah satu solusi menghadapi hal tersebut, dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara antara lain metode rotasi fix-angle dan rotasi strike-angle.Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh rotasi terhadap model bawah permukaan bumi secara 2-D dan 3-D menggunakan pengamatan data sintetik dan data riil. Dari kedua metode tersebut, Rotasi Fix-angle memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam memetakan bawah permukaan.

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ABSTRACTMagnetotelluric method field acquisition commonly have northing-easting field layout which is often not parallel to electromagnetic fields at structure boundary. Impedance tensor in magnetotelluric method consist of many components, that one?s rotation tensor. Technically, acquisiton using that field layout can be done using that configuration, but may causes misinterpretation in the impedance value which have corelation to subsurface resistivity. To excel those misinterpretation, field layout should be justified against the structure and observe the geological setting. Rotation is one of solution to solve the problem, there are two kinds of method in rotation that is fix angle rotation and strike angle rotation.This research focused on analyzing how rotation will affect subsurface model on 2-D and 3-D using synthetic and real data. From both rotation, fix angle rotation gives better result interpretating subsurface."

"Perlombaan FSAE merupakan perlombaan balap mobil formula tingkat mahasiswa yang memiliki tipe track yang terdiri dari banyak tikungan dan lintasan lurus yang pendek. Semua tim yang berpartisipasi dibebaskan untuk membuat strategi mereka sendiri mengenai bagaimana cara untuk memaksimalkan catatan waktu mereka selama masih sesuai dengan rulebook yang berisi regulasi mobil dalam perlombaan tersebut. Salah satu cara untuk memaksimalkan catatan waktu ketika balap adalah dengan menggunakan aerodynamic devices. Aerodynamic devices merupakan berbagai part mobil yang dapat merekayasa jalannya fluida angin sehingga mobil dapat bergerak dengan lebih cepat. Dalam perlombaan ini, aerodynamic devices yang bekerja maksimal akan memberikan down force yang dapat membuat ban memiliki grip lebih besar sehingga mobil dapat berjalan di tikungan dengan lebih cepat. Komponen tersebut terdiri dari front wing dan rear wing. Penelitian ini melakukan variasi angle of attack untuk mendapatkan nilai Cl/Cd optimal. Analisis aerodynamic devices dilakukan menggunakan metode computational fluid dynamics (CFD) dengan kecepatan 23 m/s. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sudut optimal front wing adalah 2° dan 14° sedangkan untuk rear wing adalah 2° dan 18°.

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The FSAE competition is a student-level formula car race that has a track type consisting of many bends and short straights. All participating teams are free to make their own strategy regarding how to maximize their time records as long as they are in accordance with the rulebook which contains car regulations in the race. One way to maximize time records when racing is to use aerodynamic devices. Aerodynamic devices are various car parts that can engineer the flow of wind fluid so that the car can move faster. In this race, aerodynamic devices that work optimally will provide down force which can make the tires have more grip so that the car can go around corners more quickly. These components consist of the front wing and rear wing. This study varied the angle of attack to obtain optimal Cl/Cd values. Aerodynamic device analysis was carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method with a speed of 23 m/s. The results showed that the optimal angle for the front wing is 2° and 14° while for the rear wing is 2° and 18°"

"Salah satu konsekuensi fisis dari relativitas umum adalah adanya pembelokan cahaya pada lubang hitam. Pada penelitian ini, kami memberikan solusi numerik dari sudut defleksi kuat dari cahaya. Model lubang hitam yang ditinjau addalah lubang hitam dengan elektrodinamika kruglov. Menggunakan solusi numerik tersebut, kami juga mendapatkan solusi perbesaran gravitasi sebagai konsekuensi dari relativitas umum.

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One of the physical consequences of general relativity is the bending of light in blackholes. In this research, we provide a numerical solution of the strong deflection angle of light. The black hole model that we use is a black hole with Kruglov electrodynamics. Using these numerical solutions, we also get solutions for the gravitational lensing as a consequence of general relativity."

"A factor to pay attention to in orthodontic treatment is the inclination of upper and lower incisives. The inclination could be evaluated from interincisal angle and angle of upper incisive (UI) with cranium base (SN). This research is to evaluate those angles after the retraction of upper and lower incisives on malocclusion class I with bimaxillary prostrusion. In total, 34 samples were treated using edgewise system. The results show that mean for UI ? LI is 138.06°±1.47°, and for UI ? SN 95.97°±1.27°."

"In the prototype of this tool all the signal processing done by the minimum AT89s5 system. Minimum system will get the binary code to control the direction of motion of the ship . By controling the steering angle through the steering wheel of the ship so the ship can detected movement can be monitored by viewing the display, so if there is nomovement of ships in accordance with the input code will be detected early so that expected if this system is applied to the actual sustem will be able to reduce accidents caused by the fault direction of motion of the ship. By utilizing the technology acquired digital the 0.97% error rate, spo it is possible this system to be realized."

"Latar Belakang: Penentuan jenis kelamin merupakan langkah pertama dalam proses identifikasi individu. Tulang panggul dan tengkorak merupakan sumber yang paling akurat untuk menentukan jenis kelamin, namun apabila tulang panggul dan tengkorak yang ditemukan tidak utuh, mandibula dapat menjadi sumber utama dalam penentuan jenis kelamin karena mandibula merupakan tulang yang kuat, anatomisnya dipertahankan relatif lama, dan menunjukkan dimorfisme seksual yang tinggi. Salah satu parameter pada mandibula yang dapat digunakan untuk penentuan jenis kelamin adalah sudut gonion. Sudut gonion dapat digunakan untuk penentuan jenis kelamin karena kekuatan otot pengunyahan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat pada sudut gonion, dimana kekuatan otot ini berbeda pada laki laki dan perempuan.Tujuan: Menganalisis penentuan jenis kelamin menggunakan metode radiomorfometrik besar sudut gonion pada radiograf panoramik digital.Metode: Menganalisis radiomorfometrik besar sudut gonion pada 100 sampel radiograf panoramik digital yang terdiri dari 50 sampel laki laki dan 50 sampel perempuan.Hasil: Perempuan memiliki nilai rata-rata sudut gonion lebih besar daripada laki-laki yaitu sebesar 124.52o sedangkan laki-laki sebesar 123.84o, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan sudut gonion pada laki-laki dan perempuan secara statistik.Kesimpulan: Besar sudut gonion dengan metode radiomorfometrik pada laki-laki dan perempuan tidak dapat digunakan secara tunggal dalam penentuan jenis kelamin.

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Background: The first step towards identification of an individual is by sex determination. Pelvis and skull bones are the most accurate sources used for sex determination purpose, however when a whole pelvis or skull bones could not be obtained, an alternative would be necessary. The mandible would serve as a great alternative for this purpose because it is strong, its anatomy persists for a long time and it shows a strong sexual dimorphism. One of the mandible properties that can be used for sex determination purpose is its gonial angle. This is because the gonial angle is affected by the strength of the masticatory muscles, which is different for different sexes.Aim: To analyze the validity of sex determination by radiomorphometric method using gonial angle on digital panoramic radiographs.Method: By using radiomorphometric method to analyze the gonial angle of 100 digital panoramic radiographs consisting of 50 male and 50 female samples.Result: Women have an average gonial angle of 124.52o which is greater than mens average of 123.84o, however the difference is not statistically significant.Conclusion: Radiomorphometric method using gonial angle cannot be used as a sole source for sex determination."