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Abstrak :
Indonesia memiliki pertambangan emas rakyat yang tersebar di seluruh nusantara, salah satunya berlokasi di Kabupaten Lebak, Banten. Pertambangan emas rakyat dilakukan dengan menggunakan merkuri melalui proses amalgamasi. Masih didapati pembuangan limbah merkuri dari pertambangan emas rakyat ke media lingkungan seperti tanah dan badan sungai, padahal limbah merkuri termasuk ke dalam limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) yang tidak boleh dibuang langsung ke media lingkungan karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi besar konsentrasi merkuri pada lingkungan di Kecamatan Cibeber dan Kecamatan Bayah, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten dan pengaruh pada kesehatan masyarakat yang kontak dengan merkuri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan menggunakan metode analisis risiko kesehatan dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Keberadaan merkuri di lokasi penelitian pada air, ikan, sayuran, dan tanah telah melebihi baku mutu, yaitu berturut-turut memiliki rata-rata sebesar 0,04695 mg/l, 0,5175 mg/kg, 0,173 mg/kg dan 0,165 mg/kg. Analisis perhitungan risiko kesehatan menunjukkan masyarakat sekitar pertambangan emas rakyat berpotensi menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan karena nilai RQ > 1 (RQ = 18,5756).

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Indonesia has artisanal gold mining spreading throughout the archipelago, one of which is located in Lebak District of Banten Province. The artisanal gold mining usually use mercury in the amalgamation process. The latest fact showed that mercury used in artisanal gold minings has been directly discharged to the surrounding environment, polluting soil and rivers, whereas mercury is considered as one of the hazardous and toxic waste (B3) that cannot be directly discharged to the environment as it can cause several health problems. The purpose of this research is to identify mercury concentrations in the environment of Cibeber and Bayah Sub Districts, Lebak District, Banten Province and its effect to the health of community who is in contact with the disposed mercury. This is an analytic descriptive research that uses a health risk assessment method and quantitative approach. This research reveals that mercury concentrations in samples of water, fish, vegetables, and soil taken from the surrounding environment in the research location have exceeded the quality standard which respectively average 0.04695 mg/l, 0.5175 mg/kg, 0.173 mg/kg, and 0.165 mg/kg,. The health risk assessment shows that community lives surrounding the gold mining has potency to suffer related health problems as the RQ rate is higher than 1 (RQ = 18.5756).

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Akibat Pembuangan Limbah Cair Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) Ulumbu ke Sungai (Pada Lapangan Panas Bumi Ulumbu, Kabupaten Manggarai, Nusa Tenggara Timur) Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) merupakan salah satu sumber energi yang ramah lingkungan karena menghasilkan volume limbah yang rendah, salah satunya adalah limbah cair. Limbah cair panas bumi mengandung unsur kimia, salah satunya adalah Arsen. Limbah cair PLTP akan menimbulkan dampak apabila dibuang secara langsung ke sungai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi besarnya konsentrasi Arsen pada limbah PLTP dan air sungai di lokasi penelitian dan dampaknya terhadap konsentrasi Arsen di sungai serta dampak terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil konsentrasi Arsen pada limbah PLTP sebesar 0,0365 mg/l. Kandungan Arsen dalam limbah yang dibuang masih berada di bawah baku mutu, yaitu sebesar 0,5 mg/l. Pembuangan limbah cair PLTP ini juga tidak meningkatkan konsentrasi Arsen di sungai. Konsentrasi Arsen pada air yang dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah 0,008 mg/l. Perhitungan risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi air sungai menunjukkan tidak menimbulkan risiko kesehatan RQ < 1 (RQ = 0,6522).

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ABSTRACT
Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).;Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522)., Geothermal power plant is one of the green energy which produces low waste volume, including wastewater. Geothermal wastewater contains Arsenic, a dangerous chemical. It can generate impact when it is discharged to the river nearby. The purpose of this research is to identify Arsenic concentration in the geothermal wastewater and in the river on the research location. The result of this research shows that geothermal wastewater Arsenic concentration is still below the regulation, that is 0,0365 mg/l. Its content in the discarded waterwaste is still below the quality standar, which is 0,5 mg/l. Geothermal wastewater discharge has no effect to the Arsenic concentration in the river. Arsenic concentration in the river that people consume is 0,008 mg/l. Based on this concentration, health risk assessment ot the comunity who consume the water from the river shows no harmful potential to cause health problem as the RQ less than 1 (RQ = 0,6522).]

Abstrak :
Benzena merupakan bahan kimia yang terbukti karsinogenik serta bersifat genotoksik pada manusia. Salah satu penggunaan benzena adalah lem yang digunakan di industri mebel atau furniture. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi tingkat risiko kesehatan pajanan benzena pada pekerja industri mebel. Yang menjadi tempat penelitian adalah workshop kayu yang berada Kawasan Gotong Royong, Klender, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan November hingga Maret 2016. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Nilai estimasi risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Risk Quetient dan estimasi risiko kesehatan karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Excess Cancer Risk. Konsentrasi benzena di udara lingkungan kerja diukur dan karakteristik pola pemajanan responden didapatkan dari hasil wawancara langsung. Didapatkan bahwa nilai median konsentrasi benzena di udara lingkungan kerja di Kawasan Gotong Royong sebesar 0,508 mg/m3 atau 0,159 ppm. Nilai median dari intake non karsinogenik untuk durasi life span adalah 0,016 mg/kg/hari, sedangkan nilai median dari intake non karsinogenik real time sebesar 0,00073 mg/kg/hari. Nilai median dari intake karsinogenik sebesar 0,00026 mg/kg/hari. Dari nilai intake, didapat besar tingkat risiko non karsinogenik (RQ) untuk durasi life span sebesar 1,90 dan RQ real time sebesar 0,085. Sedangkan tingkat risiko karsinogenik (ECR) dengan CSF minimal sebesar 0,4E-4 dan ECR dengan CSF maksimal sebesar 1,5E-4. Nilai RQ life span dan nilai ECR maksimal sudah melewati batas aman sehingga udara di lingkungan kerja Kawasan Gotong Royong sudah tidak aman dari risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dan risiko kesehatan karsinogenik pajanan benzena dengan intake sesuai masing-masing responden. Diperlukan manajemen risiko untuk meminimalisir risiko kesehatan pajanan benzena. ...... Benzene is a chemical that proven carcinogenic and genotoxic in humans. One of the uses of benzene is the glue used in the furniture industry. This study was conducted to estimate the health risks of exposure to benzene in the furniture industry workers which used the glue contains benzene. The research took place in some furniture production workshops in Kawasan Gotong Royong, Klender, East Jakarta. The study was conducted during the months of November to March, 2016. The method used is the method of Environmental Health Risk Analysis (HRA). The estimated value of non-carcinogenic health risk is expressed as Risk Quetient (RQ) and carcinogenic health risk estimates is expressed as Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). The concentration of benzene in the air working environment is measured and the characteristic of exposure of respondents obtained from direct interviews. It was found that the median value of the concentration of benzene in the air working environment of the Kawasan Gotong Royong was 0,508 mg/m3 or 0,159 ppm. The median value of non-carcinogenic intake for the life span duration was 0,016 mg/kg/day, while the median value of intake of non carcinogenic for the real time duration was 0,00073 mg/kg/day. The median value of the carcinogenic intake was 0,00026 mg/kg/day. By the value of the intake, it was calculated the level of risk of non carcinogenic (RQ) for the life span duration was 1.90 and RQ for the real time duration was 0,085. While the level of carcinogenic risk (ECR) with a minimum of CSF was 0,4E-4 and ECR with CSF maximum was 1,5E-4. RQ value for the life span duration was >1 and the maximum value of ECR was >1E-4 suggested the air in the working environment of the Kawasan Gotong Royong was not safe from the health risks of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of exposure to benzene based on the appropriate intake of each respondent. Risk management is required to minimize the health risks of exposure to benzene.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kampung Nelayan Muara Angke berada di tepi perairan Teluk Jakarta yang telah tercemar logam kadmium. Masyarakatnya biasa mengkonsumi ikan dari Teluk Jakarta sehingga dapat menimbulkan risiko gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko pajanan kadmium pada masyarakat Muara Angke melalui pendekatan analisis risiko kesehatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intake kadmium melalui ikan pada masyarakat Kampung Nelayan Muara Angke sebesar 0,000012 mg/kg/hari, dengan durasi pajanan masyarakat Muara Angke sebesar 24 tahun, berat badan masyarakat Muara Angke sebesar 59 kg. Laju asupan ikan sebesar 197,4 gr/hari dan frekuensi pajanan sebesar 294,3 hari/tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Masyarakat Kampung Nelayan Muara Angke baik secara populasi dan individu belum memiliki risiko dan masih aman dari gangguan kesehatan nonkarsinogenik akibat pajanan kadmium dalam ikan untuk saat ini sampai dengan 30 tahun mendatang dengan asumsi bahwa sumber pajanan hanya berasal dari ikan saja dan tidak memperhitungkan pajanan kadmium dari sumber lain.

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Abstract
Muara Angke located on the shores of Teluk Jakarta which have been polluted by heavy metals cadmium. The Community always eat fish from Teluk Jakarta, this would pose a risk of health problems. This study aimed to determine the level of risk exposure to cadmium at Muara Angke community through health risk analysis approach. The results showed that the intake of cadmium on fish for people in Kampung Nelayan Muara Angke at 0,000012 mg/kg/day, with duration of exposure to the community Muara Angke for 24 years, Muara Angke community weight of 59 kg. Fish intake rate of 197,4 g/day and frequency of exposure of 294,3 days/year. The results showed that Muara Angke community, population and individual do not have risks and still safe from health disorders noncarsinogenic because of cadmium exposure in fish at this time to 30 years ahead on the assumption that cadmium exposure comes from fish only and do not take into account exposure to cadmium from other sources.

Abstrak :
Kegiatan produksi tomat tidak terlepas dari penggunaan pestisida jenis profenofos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko kesehatan akibat konsumsi tomat yang mengandung residu profenofos di Desa Cikandang Kecamatan Cikajang Kabupaten Garut. Metode penelitian adalah observasional study dengan rancangan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan. Konsentrasi profenofos tertinggi yaitu sampel II yaitu 0,189 mg/kg, dan konsentrasi rata-rata yaitu 0,129 mg/kg. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka konsentrasi profenofos dalam sayur tomat telah melewati batas normal menurut EPA (2006) yaitu 0,00005 mg/kg/h . Hasil menunjukkan untuk RQ non karsinogenik dari kelima dusun yang diteliti semuanya memiliki risiko untuk terkena penyakit. Sehingga manajemen pengurangan risiko kesehatan perlu dilakukan. ......Tomato production is inseparable from pesticide use type of profenofos. This research aims to know the health risks resulting from the consumption of tomatoes containing residues of profenofos in Cikandang village of Cikajang sub-district of Garut. The research method is the observational study with the draft Environmental Health Risk Analysis. The highest concentration of profenofos i.e. sample II IE 0.189 mg/kg, and average concentrations i.e. 0.129 mg/kg. Based on those results then the concentration of profenofos in vegetable tomato has gone through the normallimit according to EPA (2006) is 0.00005 mg/kg/day. The results show for the non carcinogenic RQ of Hillbilly who examined all have the risk to be exposed to the disease. Health risk reduction management so that needs to be done.

Abstrak :
Peningkatan kendaraan transportasi menyebabkan pencemaran udara. PM2,5 polutan utama memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap kesehatan. Kondisi cekungan Bandung menyebabkan polutan terperangkap karena penyebaran polutan terhambat. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis risiko kesehatan pada remaja siswa SMPN 16 Bandung akibat pajanan inhalasi PM2,5 di lingkungan sekolah. Desain studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan ARKL . Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2,5 dilakukan pada 10 titik menggunakan Haz Dust EPAM 5000. Sampel siswa kelas VIII sebanyak 66 siswa yang dipilih secara acak. Rata-rata konsentrasi PM2,5 sebesar 29,34 g/m3 , masih di bawah nilai baku mutu menurut PP Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 65 g/Nm3. Adanya peningkatan Intake realtime, 3 tahun dan 12 tahun secara berturut-turut 7.53x10-5, 1.25x10-4, 5.02x10-4 mg/kg/hari. Intake PM2,5 tinggi pada siswa dengan berat badan rendah dibandingkan dengan siswa dengan berat badan yang besar. Estimasi risiko kesehatan dinyatakan sebagai risk quotient RQ yang dihitung dari rata-rata intake pajanan PM2,5 terhadap siswa dan dosis referensi RfC , RQ>1 menunjukkan risiko perlu dikendalikan. Hasil analisis dengan durasi pajanan realtime, 3 tahun, dan 12 tahun menunjukkan batas aman terhadap pajanan PM2,5 RQ < 1 . Secara keseluruhan siswa kelas VIII tidak berisiko terhadap pajanan inhlasi PM2,5 di Lingkungan sekolah. ...... Increase in transport vehicles causes air pollution. Major pollutant of PM2.5 provides an enormous impact on health. Basin condition in Bandung causes the pollutants to be trapped because the pollutant cannot be released. The aim of this research is to analyze the health risks of junior high school students of SMPN 16 Bandung due to PM2.5 inhalation exposure in the school environment by using Environmental Health Risk Assessment method. PM2.5 concentration assessment was conducted at 10 points with a sample of 66 students rsquo grade VIII selected randomly. The average concentration of PM2.5, which was 29.34 g m3 was still below the standard value regulated by Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 65 g Nm3. The increased in real time intake for 3 years and 12 years respectively were 7.53x10 5, 1.25x10 4, 5.02x10 4 mg kg day. PM2.5 intake was higher in students with light weight than students with heavy weight. Estimated health risks was expressed as risk quotient RQ calculated from the average of PM2.5 exposure intake on students and reference dose RfC , RQ 1 indicated the risk needed to be controlled. The results of the analysis with the duration of real time exposure for 3 years and 12 years showed a safe limit to PM2.5 exposure RQ.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Polutan utama dari sistem pembakaran batubara salah satunya SO2. Sulfur dioksidia menyebabkan iritasi, batuk refleks, menyebabkan penyakit pernafasan dan gangguan daya tahan paru-paru. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pajanan SO2 di lingkungan sekitar pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) Suralaya yaitu pada desa Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, dan Sumuranja dan gangguan pernafasannya pada masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel responden diambil secara purposive sampling berdasarkan titik pengukuran udara pada setiap desa yaitu 35 orang di setiap desa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) yang menggunakan nilai Rfc SO2 (0,026 mg / kg / hari), dan selanjutnya dilakukan secara cross sectional untuk menghubungkan tingkat risiko dengan kejadian gangguan pernafasan di sekitar PLTU. Hasil ARKL menunjukkan bahwa tingkat risiko di lingkungan sekitar PLTU Suralaya yaitu pada desa Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, dan Sumuranja masih tergolong aman karena nilai RQ dibawah 1 dalam kurun waktu lebih dari 30 tahun. Hasil analisis cross sectional menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan SO2 dengan kejadian gangguan saluran pernafasan pada masyarakat di sekitar PLTU karena memiliki nilai-p yang lebih besar dari alfa.
ABSTRACT
One of the main pollutants from the coal combustion system is SO2. Sulfur dioxidia causes irritation, reflex coughing, causes respiratory disease and lung resistance. This study aims to analyze SO2 exposure in the environment around the Suralaya steam power plant (PLTU), namely in the villages of Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, and Sumuranja and respiratory problems in the surrounding community. This research is descriptive, with a cross sectional approach. The sample of respondents was taken by purposive sampling based on air measurement points in each village, namely 35 people in each village. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ARKL) method using the Rfc SO2 value (0.026 mg / kg / day), and then carried out cross-sectional to link the risk level with the incidence of respiratory problems around the PLTU. The ARKL results show that the level of risk in the environment around PLTU Suralaya, namely in the villages of Lebak Gede, Cipala Dua, Brigil, Gunung Gede, Salira Indah, and Sumuranja is still relatively safe because the RQ value is below 1 in a period of more than 30 years. The results of the cross sectional analysis show that there is no relationship between the level of health risk due to SO2 exposure and the incidence of respiratory problems in the community around the PLTU because it has a p-value greater than alpha.

Abstrak :
Kampus Universitas Indonesia memiliki fasilitas pelayanan alat penyedia air siap minum yang dapat mengubah air tanah menjadi air siap minum. Penggunaan air tanah masih dominan di Kampus Universitas Indonesia Kota Depok. Kota Depok memiliki karakteristik jenis tanah yang terbentuk dari pelapukan batuan sedimen sehingga air tanah Kota Depok berpeluang mengandung logam berat berupa mangan dan kromium heksavalen. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) yang bertujuan untuk mengestimasi besaran risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan mangan dan kromium heksavalen melalui asupan air siap minum yang dikonsumsi mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia. Total responden yang diwawancarai berjumlah 60 orang dan sampel air siap minum berjumlah 9 sampel yang dikumpulkan dari 8 fakultas. Terdapat 1 sampel air siap minum yang kadar konsentrasi mangannnya melebihi standar baku mutu berdasarkan Permenkes No 2 Tahun 2023. Jumlah estimasi rata-rata intake pajanan mangan dan kromium heksavalen masing-masing sebesar 1.21×10-5 mg/kg/hari dan 7.12×10-7 mg/kg/hari (realtime) serta 8.75×10-5 mg/kg/hari dan 5.15×10- 6 mg/kg/hari (lifespan). Tingkat risiko pajanan mangan dan kromium heksavalen masing-masing sebesar 8.64×10-5 dan 2.37×10-4 (realtime) serta 6.25×10-4 dan 1.72×10-3 (lifespan). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa air siap minum tidak berisiko menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan (RQ ≤ 1) sehingga air aman untuk diminum. ...... The University of Indonesia campus has a ready-to-drink water service facility that can convert groundwater into ready-to-drink water. The use of groundwater is still dominant in the University of Indonesia campus in Depok City. Depok City has the characteristic of soil type which is formed from the weathering of sedimentary rocks so that Depok City's groundwater has the possibility of containing heavy metals in the form of manganese and hexavalent chromium. This research was conducted using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (ERHA) study approach which aims to estimate the magnitude of the health risk due to exposure to manganese and hexavalent chromium through intake of ready-to-drink water consumed by University of Indonesia students. The total number of respondents interviewed was 60 people and the ready-to-drink water samples were 9 samples that were collected from 8 faculties. There is 1 ready-to-drink water sample whose manganese concentration exceeds the quality standard based on Permenkes No 2 of 2023. The estimated average intake of manganese and hexavalent chromium exposure respectively is 1.21×10-5 mg/kg/day and 7.12×10-7 mg/kg/day (realtime) and 8.75×10-5 mg/kg/day and 5.15×10- 6 mg/kg/day (lifespan). The risk levels of exposure to manganese and hexavalent chromium respectively were 8.64×10-5 and 2.37×10-4 (realtime) and 6.25×10-4 and 1.72×10-3 (lifespan). These results indicate that ready-to-drink water is not at risk of causing health problems (RQ ≤ 1) so that the water is classified as safe to drink water.

Abstrak :
Particulate Matter2.5 merupakan polutan yang menjadi perhatian karena sifatnya yang unik. Dengan ukuran kurang dari 25 mikron, polutan ini dapat masuk hingga alveoli. Terdiri dari berbagai bahan dan mampu ditempeli oleh polutan kimia toksik, toksisitas PM2.5 belum dapat ditentukan secara pasti, sumber PM2.5 yang penting yaitu jalan raya. Sekolah yang dekat dengan jalan raya dapat menjadi tempat terpajannya siswa dengan PM2.5. Siswa merupakan kelompok rentan yang menghirup lebih banyak konsentrasi polutan dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa, diperlukan suatu analisis risiko kesehatan pajanan PM2.5 pada siswa sekolah. Asupan harian PM2.5 siswa berada pada rentang 7.30×10-5-14.4×10-4 mg/kg/hari, perhitungan risiko non karsinogenik bernilai dari 0.02-0.36 rentang ini berada dibawah nilai 1 sehingga dapat dikatakan aman ......Particulate Matter2.5 is becoming international concern due to its unique nature. With a size less than 25 microns, these pollutants can penetrate deep to the alveoli. Consisting of a variety of materials and capable of plastering by toxic chemical pollutants, the toxicity of PM2.5 can not yet be determined with certainty. One of the important sources of PM2.5 is the road traffic. Populations close to the source of exposure will have potential hazards, one place with a densely populated such as school. Schools close to the highway may be the site of exposure to students with PM2.5. Students are a vulnerable group that inhale more concentrations of pollutants than adults, a risk analysis of PM2 exposure to school students is required. The daily intake of PM2.5 students is in the range of 7.30 × 10-5-14.4 × 10-4 mg / kg / day, the calculation of non carcinogenic risk is 0.02-0.36, this range is below the value of 1 so it can be that the hazards are not considered a threat to public health.

Abstrak :
Industri sepatu di Indonesia berperan penting pada perekonomian masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Dalam proses produksinya, industri sepatu menggunakan lem mengandung pelarut organik berbahaya seperti benzena. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperkirakan risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan benzena dan manejemen risiko yang harus dilakukan. Tempat penelitian adalah bengkel sepatu "X" di kawasan Perkampungan Industri Kecil Pulogadung, Jakarta Timur. Pengukuran konsentrasi benzena di udara dalam empat bagian proses produksi sepatu, yaitu bagian sol, upper, open, finishing, dan satu ruang administrasi, pengukuran karakteristik antropometri terhadap dua puluh enam pekerja, yang meliputi berat badan, lama pajanan, frekuensi dan durasi pajanan, serta analisis biomarker trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) dalam urin telah dilakukan. Risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Risk Qoutient (RQ) yang didapatkan dengan membagi rata-rata asupan harian non kanker sepanjang hayat dengan konsentrasi referen (RfC), sementara risiko karsinogenik dinyatakan dengan Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) yang didapatkan dari perkalian antara asupan harian kanker sepanjang hayat dengan cancer clope factor (CSF) benzena. Didapatkan bahwa konsentrasi rata-rata benzena pada bagian sol, upper, open, finishing, dan administrasi secara berurutan adalah 0,058 mg/m3, 0,008 mg/m3, 0,045 mg/m3, 0,076 mg/m3, 0,085 mg/m3, and 0,014 mg/m3. Dengan konsentrasi benzena demikian dan karakteristik antropometri serta laju asupan sepanjang hayat bagi para pekerja bengkel "X" didapatkan bahwa bagian sol, upper dan administrasi tidak terindikasi adanya risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik terhadap para pekerja (RQ 1), tetapi pada bagian open dan finishing, risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik telah terindikasi (RQ > 1). Pada perkiraan risiko karsinogenik semua pekerja memiliki ECR melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan (ECR > 1 x 10-4) yang berkisar antara 1,09 x 10-4 hingga 18 x 10-4. Analisa konsentrasi biomarker t,t-MA dalam urin menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi t,t-MA dalam urin adalah 4.795 hingga 68.062 µg/g kreatinin atau lebih tinggi 9,6 hingga 136 kali dibanding batas konsentrasi referen. Manajemen risiko terhadap risiko kanker merekomendasikan batas aman konsentrasi benzena adalah 0,01 mg/m3. Disimpulkan bahwa risiko kesehatan non karsinogenik hanya terjadi pada sebagian pekerja di bagian open dan finishing, sementara pada perkiraan risiko kesehatan karsinogenik seluruh pekerja telah melebihi batas yang diperbolehkan. ......In Indonesia, footware industry has been contributing to the economy of lowincome community. Footware industry uses extensively adhesive glue containing hazardous organic solvent such as benzene. To estimate health risks from exposure to benzene and formulate management options, an environmental health risk assesment has been conducted in a shoes industry at Center of Small Industry (PIK) in Pulogadung, East Jakarta. Benzene concentrations were measured in indoor air af four processing room (sol, upper, open, finishing) and office room, twenty six workers were subjected to anthropometric measurement for body weight, contact rate survey for exposure time, frequency, and duration, and biomarkers analysis for urin trans, transmuconic acid (t,t-MA). Non Carcinogenic health risk is expressed as Risk Qoutient (RQ) and estimated by dividing average of lifetime daily non cancer intake by benzene reference concentration (RfC), while carcinogenic risk exppressed as Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) calculated by multiplying lifetime daily cancer intake by benzene cancer slope factor (CSF). It was found that the mean concentration of benzene in sol, upper, open, finishing room and office room are 0.058 mg/m3, 0.008 mg/m3, 0.045 mg/m3, 0.076 mg/m3, 0.085 mg/m3, and 0.014 mg/m3, respectively. Exposing to these benzene concentration with current anthropometric and contact rate characteristics, RQ 1 was found in sol, upper and office room, whereas RQ > 1 was found in open and finishing room. On the other hand, all workers have ECR > 1 x 10-4, ranging from 1.09 x 10-4 to 18. 10-4. Meanwhile, urin t,t-MA concentration ranges from 4,795 to 68,062 µg/g creatinine, or 9.6 to 136 folds higher than the reference value of 500 µg/g creatinine. Management options for ECR > 1 x 10-4 suggests that safe concentration of benzene is 0.01 mg/m3, while the existing national threshold value is 32 mg/m3. It is concluded while non carcinogenic risks are only suffered by workers in open and finishing unit, carcinogenic risks for all workers are unacceptable.