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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Secondary iron overload pada thalassemia mayor terjadi karena eritropoiesis inefektif dan tranfusi berkala. Besi melebihi transferin sehingga banyak non transferin bound iron NTBI yang mengkatalisasi terjadinya ion radikal bebas yang merusak jaringan. Pengendapan besi pada saluran cerna mengakibatkan perubahan fungsi, kerusakan organ, gangguan ketersediaan asam amino. Iron overload dikurangi dengan kelasi besi. Transferin merupakan kelator alami tubuh terdiri asam amino dominan alanin, leusin, glisin, asam aspartat. Berdasarkan penelitian, pasien iron overload memiliki transferin lebih rendah dibandingkan non iron overload. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahi perubahan status besi, profil asam amino dan hubungan iron overload dengan profil asam amino. Parameter yang diteliti : besi serum, unsaturated iron binding capacity UIBC , total iron binding capacity TIBC , feritin, saturasi transferin, indeks transferin, alanin, leusin, glisin, asam aspartat. Desain penelitian kohort dengan 21 subjek, yaitu 13 thalassemia beta mayor dan 8 thalassemia beta HbE. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perubahan status besi bermakna yaitu peningkatan feritin pasca transfusi, penurunan feritin pasca kelasi 1 bulan, peningkatan kadar besi pasca kelasi 3 bulan. Perubahan asam amino bermakna yaitu penurunan alanin, leusin, serta peningkatan glisin pasca kelasi 1 bulan Terdapat hubungan kuat, bermakna searah antara indeks transferin dan alanin pre transfusi. Terdapat hubungan kuat, bermakna, searah antara indeks transferin dengan alanin dan glisin pasca transfusi.

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ABSTRACT
Secondary iron overload in thalassemia major occurs due to ineffective erythropoiesis and periodic transfusions. The excess of iron exceed transferrin so there are many non transferrin bound iron NTBI that induce tissue damaging free radical ion. Accumulation of iron in intestine can lead to changes in the function, organ damage, lack of amino acid availability. Iron overload can be reduced by iron chelation. Transferrin is the body 39 s natural chelator comprising of dominant amino acid alanine, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid. Research found that transferrin were lower in iron overload patients. This study aims to acquire the changes of iron status, amino acid profile, and correlation between iron overload and amino acid profile. Studied parameter were serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity UIBC , total iron binding capacity TIBC , ferritin, transferrin saturation, transferrin index, alanine, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid. The study design were cohort with 21 subjects consisted of 13 beta major thalassemia and 8 beta Hbe thalassemia. The result showed significant iron status changes ferritin increased post transfusion, ferritin decreased after 1 month chelation and serum iron increased after 3 months chelation. Significant amino acid profile changes decreased of alanine and leucine, and glycin increased after 1 month chelation. There rsquo s significant correlation between transferrin index and alanine pre transfusion. There rsquo s significant correlation between transferrin index and alanine, glycine after 3 month chelation.

Abstrak :
Aplikasi metabolomik dalam analisis subtipe kanker payudara dinilai cukup menjanjikan, salah satunya melalui penilaian profil asam amino. Informasi profil asam amino pada pasien kanker payudara berperan penting dalam tatalaksana pengobatan dan prognosis kanker payudara. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan suatu pola perubahan asam amino pada pasien kanker payudara dibandingkan kontrol orang sehat, yang mengindikasikan kaitan asam amino dengan kanker payudara. Beberapa asam amino dapat menjadi biomarker yang menunjukkan adanya asosiasi dengan progresivitas kanker maupun subtipe IHK kanker payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan profil asam amino berdasarkan subtipe imunohistokimia kanker payudara. Penelitian menggunakan studi desain potong lintang yang melibatkan 51 pasien kanker payudara di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Sampel darah pasien yang terdiagnosis kanker payudara diukur kadar asam aminonya menggunakan metode HPLC dan nilai yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan nilai rujukan normal untuk mengetahui adanya pola kenaikan dan penurunan. Pola asam amino akan dianalisis dan diuji asosiasinya berdasarkan pengelompokan subtipe imunohistokimia, yang dibagi menjadi Luminal A, Luminal B+HER2 dan Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Sebanyak 51 pasien kanker payudara didominasi oleh kelompok Luminal B+HER2 diikuti oleh Luminal A dan TNBC. Sebagian besar pola asam amino berdasarkan subtype IHK menunjukkan kadar normal, kecuali asam amino arginin dan histidin yang mengalami peningkatan pada kelompok Luminal A dan Luminal B+HER, serta penurunan kadar asam amino ornitin pada kelompok TNBC. Analisis bivariat meunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p<0.05) antara asam amino arginin dan ornitin dengan subtipe IHK. Luminal B+HER2 menjadi kelompok subtipe imunohistokimia kanker payudara yang mendominasi. Berdasarkan 19 asam amino yang diuji, asam amino dari ketiga kelompok subtipe imunohistokimia cenderung normal, dimana hanya tiga asam amino yang menunjukkan pola perubahan, yaitu histidin, ornitin dan arginin. Asam amino arginin dan ornitin menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan subtipe imunohistokimia.  ......Metabolomic approach to analyze the immunohistochemistry subtype in breast cancer is a promising tool, especially measuring amino acid levels. The amino acid profile on breast cancer patients has a significant role as guidance and prognosis. Previous studies showed alteration of amino acid levels in breast cancer patients compared to healthy women, indicating an association between amino acid and breast cancer. Some amino acids can be used as a biomarker for determining a relationship between breast cancer with cancer progression or immunohistochemistry. This study aims to investigate the association of amino with immunohistochemistry in breast cancer. This is a cross-sectional study that involved 51 breast cancer patients in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. A blood sample was collected from patients and analyze using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods to calculate the level of amino acid. The measurement of amino acid was compared to standard to determine amino acid alteration whether amino acid is increased or decrease. The data are analyzed and tested statistically to investigate the association of amino acid alteration based on three categories of immunohistochemistry (Luminal A, Luminal B+HER2 dan Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)). A total of 51 breast cancer patients showed Luminal B+HER2 group has the highest frequency of immunohistochemistry subtype, followed by Luminal A and TNBC, respectively. There were mostly no changes in amino acid levels among the three subtypes, except arginine and histidine, which showed increased amino acid levels in Luminal A and Luminal B+HER2, whereas a decrease of ornithine level showed in TNBC group. Bivariate analysis showed significantly association between amino acid arginine and ornithine with immunohistochemistry subtype in breast cancer (p<0.05).  The majority of immunohistochemistry subtypes in breast cancer were Luminal B+HER2. Out of 19 amino acids, most of the amino acid are stable in three groups, excluding arginine, histidine and ornithine. Arginine dan ornithine showed a significantly association with immunohistochemistry subtype of breast cancer.

Abstrak :
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disebabkan oleh infeksi virus SARS CoV-2, dan telah dilaporkan banyak menyebabkan kematian di berbagai negara. Pada pasien COVID-19, ditemukan perubahan kadar asam amino, baik asam amino esensial maupun non esensial, yang dikaitkan dengan proses inflamasi dan infeksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui profil asam amino esensial dan non esensial, serta mengetahui perbedaannya pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 severe dan non severe. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan Laboratorium HGRC pada Januari-Desember 2021. Total subjek adalah 128 subjek, terdiri dari 70 subjek (54,7%) kelompok severe dan 58 subjek (45,3%) kelompok non severe. Profil asam amino pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 severe dan non-severe, secara klinis ditemukan sedikit perbedaan dengan rentang effect size d 0,08-0,48. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna keseluruhan profil asam amino antara kelompok severe dan non severe (p>0,05). Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberi kontribusi dalam proses penyembuhan pasien terutama pada kondisi infeksi/inflamasi akut, serta menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas melalui penambahan asupan makanan atau terapi suplementasi potensial pada penderita dengan kadar asam amino yang lebih rendah ......Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection, caused by SARS CoV-2 virus infection, and had been reported that cause death in many countries. Patients with COVID-19 infection, could have amino acid alteration, both in essential and non essential, which are associated in inflammation and infectious processes. The main objective of this study, was to know the essential and non essential amino acid profile, and to determine the differences in severe and non severe COVID-19 patients. This cross sectional study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital and HGRC Laboratory, from January-December 2021. There were 128 subjects, consisted of 70 subjects (54.7%) in severe group and 58 subjects (45.3%) in non severe group. The amino acid profile in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, clinically were found slight different, with the effect size range d 0.08-0.48. There was no significant difference in all amino acid, between severe and non severe group (p>0.05). These findings were expected to contibute in recovery process especially in infection/acute inflammation state, decreased the morbidity and mortality, through additional intake and potential supplementation therapy in lower amino acid patients.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Stunting merupakan kondisi malnutrisi pada anak yaitu tinggi badan menurut usia lebih dari minus 2 simpang baku. Indonesia menempati urutan kelima di dunia. Stunting berkorelasi dengan asupan makanan terutama protein, IGF-1 dan protein pengikat Insulin like Growth Factor Binding Protein IGFBP-3 , dan Zinc Zn . Kualitas protein dinilai dari profil asam amino bebas plasma Plasma Free Amino Acid = PFAA dan kuantitas dinilai dari jumlah asupan protein harian. Beberapa penelitian menemukan kadar IGF-1 dipengaruhi oleh polimorfisme SNP rs5742612, rs35767 dan rs35766. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran profil PFAA, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, polimorfisme IGF-1, Insulin, dan Zn pada anak.Penelitian ini merupakan studi comparative cross sectional dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo, Lembaga Biomolekular Eijkman, dan Labkesda DKI Jakarta. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 1 ndash;3 tahun berasal dari UPTD Puskesmas Jatinegara dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 101 anak stunted dan 101 anak nonstunted.Pada penelitian ini didapatkan kadar 8 dari 9 AA esensial, 2 AA esensial kondisional, dan 2 AA nonesensial lebih rendah bermakna kelompok stunted dibandingkan nonstunted. Profil PFAA yaitu jumlah anak di bawah nilai rujukan berbeda bermakna antara kelompok stunted dan nonstunted. Terdapat korelasi 8 AA esensial, 1 AA esensial kondisional, dan 2 AA nonesensial dengan tinggi badan anak. Pada kelompok anak stunted, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, Zn, energi total dan protein lebih rendah bermakna dari kelompok anak nonstunted. Terdapat korelasi bermakna AA esensial dengan IGF-1 dan IGFBP-3. Polimorfisme rs35766 genotipe AG kodominan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kadar IGF-1 pada kelompok nonstunted. Faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting adalah energi atau protein, IGF-1 yang berinteraksi dengan genotipe kodominan AG, IGFBP-3, dan Zn.Simpulan: PFAA, IGF-1 yang berinteraksi dengan SNP rs35766 genotipe kodominan AG, memiliki pengaruh terhadap kejadian stunting. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemberian pola makan yang tepat untuk mencegah dan mengatasi anak stunted. Kata kunci: AA esensial, AA nonesensial, IGFBP-3, insulin, PFAA, stunting, Zn

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ABSTRACT
Stunting is a malnourished condition in children defined by height for age is under minus 2 standard deviation. Indonesia ranked fifth in world for this condition. Stunting mainly corelates with low protein intakes, IGF-1 and its binding protein Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein/IGFBP-3 , and zinc Zn . Plasma free amino acid profile PFAA measures quality of protein intake, whilst its quantity measured by daily protein intake records. Previous studies found IGF-1 level affected by single nucleotide polymorphism SNP on rs5742612, rs35767 and rs35766. This study aims to analyze the role of PFAA, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1 polymorphism, insulin, and Zn in children.This study is a comparative cross-sectional study held in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, and Jakarta Provincial Public Health Laboratory. Subjects were children age 1 ndash;3 years old from Jatinegara Region Public Health Centre divided into two groups of 101 stunted children and 101 non-stunted children.Eight essential AA levels, 2 conditional essential AAs, 2 nonessential AAs were significantly lower in stunted groups than non-stunted. There was significant difference of profile PFAA below normal range between stunted and non-stunted group. Eight essential amino acids, 1 conditional essential amino acid, and 2 non-essential amino acid correlate with children rsquo;s height. IGF-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, Zn, total energy, and protein were significantly lower in stunted children compare to non-stunted children. Significant correlations found for all essential amino acids with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3. The rs35766 AG codominant polymorphism affects IGF-1 level in non-stunted group. Factors affects stunting condition were total energy or protein intake, IGF-1 that interacts with AG codominant genotype, IGFBP-3, and Zn.Conclusion: PFAA and IGF-1 that interacts with SNP rs35766 AG codominant genotype affect stunting. Further study needed to determine appropriate dietary habit for stunting prevention and treatsment. Keywords: Essential amino acid, IGFBP-3, insulin, non-essential amino acid, plasma free amino acid profile, stunting, zinc

Abstrak :
Senyawa yang mengandung nitrogen banyak ditemukan dialam dan memiliki peran penting dalam obat-obatan. Salah satunya senyawa naftokuinon dan turunannya sering menghasilkan aktivitas antioksidan, antikanker, antibakteri, antiinflamasi dan antijamur. Reaksi mannich merupakan reaksi multikomponen yang pas untuk sintesis senyawa yang mengandung nitrogen. Reaksi ini menghasilkan produk samping molekul air sehingga reaksi ini bisa disebut juga dengan reaksi Green Chemistry. Sintesis derivat amino naftokuinon menggunakan katalis saponin yang diisolasi dari seed pods trembesi. Karakterisasi saponin menggunakan FTIR dan UV-Vis. Pengukuran tegangan permukaan menggunakan metode kenaikan pipa kapiler digunakan untuk mengukur nilai CMC pada saponin. Karakterisasi senyawa amino naftokuinon menggunakan FTIR, UV Vis dan LCMS. Optimasi pelarut, suhu dan waktu reaksi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan yield yang bagus. Kondisi terbaik untuk sintesis derivate amino naftokuinon menggunakan katalis 900 ppm selama 24 jam pada suhu ruang dengan pelarut air. Yield yang didapatkan dari senyawa 1 (68,49 %), senyawa 2 (17,62 %), senyawa 3 (69,41 %) dan senyawa 4 (62,67 %). Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, UV-Vis dan LC-MS/MS. Senyawa hasil sintesis mampu berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. ......Nitrogen-containing compounds are found in nature and have an important role in medicine. One of these compounds is naphthoquinone and its derivatives which often produce antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal activities. Mannich reaction is a multicomponent reaction that is suitable for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. This reaction produces water molecules byproducts so this reaction can be called a Green Chemistry reaction. The synthesis of the amino derivative naphthoquinone uses a saponin catalyst isolated from seed pods trambesi. Saponin characterization by using FTIR and UV-Vis. Surface tension measurements by using the capillary tube rise method were used to measure the CMC value of saponins. Characterization of amino naphthoquinones is by using FTIR, UV Vis, and LCMS. Solvent optimization, temperature, and reaction time were carried out to obtain a good yield. The best condition for the synthesis of amino naphthoquinone derivatives is by using a 900 ppm catalyst for 24 hours at room temperature with an aqueous solvent. The yield is obtained from compound 1 (68.49%), compound 2 (17.62%), compound 3 (69.41%), and compound 4 (62.67%). The synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, UV-Vis, and LC-MS / MS. The synthesized compounds are able to function as antioxidants.

Abstrak :
Background: The determination of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) to tyrosine ratio (BTR) was available in making differentiation of chronic hepatitis from liver cirrhosis, because there was a strong association between BTR and staging (fibrosis) scores. Branched chain ammo acids to tvrosine ratio have a correlation with Fischer ratio and the examination is easier because it can be done by enzymatic assay. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the correlation between BTR and Child-Pugh score, we examined the amino gram of 52 liver cirrhosis patients consisted of 26 Child-Pugh A, 19 Child-Pugh B, and 7 Child-Pugh C. The examination of amino gram was done by High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) analyzer. Branched chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio were compared to Child-Pugh score, albumin, ammonia level, number connection test to Fischer ratio. Results: Significant differences in BTR among Child-Pugh A, B, C were observed (Child-Pugh A 7.75 ± 1.2; Child Pugh B 6.0 ± 1.23 and Child Pugh C 4.38 + 3.14 (p = 0.000)). Branched chain amino acids to tyrosine ratio had a weak correlation with albumin fr - 0.292; p = 0.036), ammonia level (r = 0.376; p = 0.006) and strong correlation with Fischer ratio (r = 0.818; p = 0.000). There was no significant correlation between BTR and number connection test. Conclusion: These results showed that the determination of the molar ratio of branched chain amino acids to tyrosine well reflected the severity of liver cirrhosis and it can be used as a substitute of Fischer ratio.