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Abstrak :
Alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is a carbohydrase that catalyzes the liberation of a-glucose from the nonreducing end of the diet carbohydrate. In diabetic patients, inhibition of these enzymes causes the restraint of glucose absorption and decreases the postprandial hyperglycemia. The purpose of this research is to study the antihyperglycemic activity of mahkota dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] leaf extracts by inhibition test to alpha glucosidase enzyme. This research was conducted in three steps: fractionation and extraction samples with methanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, followed by phytochemistry screening and alpha-glucosidase inhibition test. The alpha-glucosidase inhibition test was performed by using alpha-glucosidase enzyme and p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. The result of phytochemistry screening showed that Mahkota dewa leaves contain class of phenolics, thanins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and carbohydrates. The result of alpha-glucosidase inhibition test showed that ethyl acetate fraction extract had the highest inhibition activity with inhibition percentage at 50 ppm for old leaves which is 55.04% and for young leaves which is 56.92%. At 50 ppm, inhibition activity from the methanol extract and boiled water extract of old leaves is higher than that of young leaves with inhibition percentage of old leaves methanol extract which is 14.25% and 10.97% for young leaves and for old leaves; boiled water extract is 10.32% and 6.85% for young leaves. For n-butanol fraction extract, inhibition activity of young leaf extract (14.26%) is higher than old leaf extract (9.49%).

Abstrak :
Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi yang tinggi dan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Salah satu pengobatan DM adalah dengan penghambatan α-glukosidase dan α-amilase. Efek samping pada saluran cerna dan biaya pengobatan yang mahal mendorong ditemukannya sumber penghambat α- glukosidase dan α-amilase lain yang lebih efektif, aman, dan terjangkau. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji adanya aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase dan α- amilase pada 11 ektrak etanol tanaman Indonesia secara in vitro. Uji penghambatan α-glukosidase dilakukan menggunakan p-Nitrofenil-α-D glukopiranosida sebagai substrat yang akan menghasilkan p-nitrofenol. Produk tersebut diukur serapannya menggunakan microplate reader (λ = 405 nm). Uji penghambatan α-amilase dilakukan menggunakan amilum soluble sebagai substrat yang menghasilkan maltosa yang akan mereduksi reagen warna. Produk tersebut diukur serapannya dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis (λ = 540 nm). Hasil uji menunjukkan ekstrak daun Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp memiliki penghambatan aktivitas α-glukosidase (IC50=19,507 ppm) dan α-amilase (90,263% pada 500 ppm) terbesar. Golongan senyawa kimia yang kemungkinan berperan dalam penghambatan α-glukosidase dan α-amilase adalah tanin, flavonoid, dan senyawa polifenol. ......Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease with high and increasing prevalence every year. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase is one of DM treatments. Gastrointestinal side effects and high cost treatment encourage the discovery of α- glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor from other sources that are more effective, safer, and affordable. The aim of this research was to determine in vitro inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase from 11 ethanolic extracts of selected Indonesian plants. α-Glucosidase inhibition test was performed using p-nitophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside as substrate that will produce p-nitrophenol. p-Nitophenol were measured using microplate reader (λ = 405 nm). α-Amylase inhibition test was performed using soluble starch as substrate that will produce maltose. Maltose will reduce the color reagent. These products were measured using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis (λ = 540 nm). The test results showed Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp has highest inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase (IC50=19,507 ppm) and α-amylase (90,263% at 500 ppm). Chemical compounds that possibly take a role in the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase are tannin, flavonoids, and polyphenols.