Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

Abstrak :
This paper provides an empirical abalysis of the ralationship the top-down budgeting system and allocative efficiencies (budgetary outcomes) in the case of the Korean central government...

Abstrak :
Anggaran pendidikan merupakan komponen terpenting dalam mewujudkan pembangunan terutama dalam aspek sumber daya manusia, upaya yang telah dilakukan adalah meningkatkan alokasi anggaran hingga 20% sesuai dengan amanat Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional nomor 20 tahun 2003 Pasal 49 ayat 1. Namun, peningkatan anggaran belum menunjukkan tanda-tanda peningkatan mutu pendidikan khususnya di Kota Depok dan Kota Bogor. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian alokasi anggaran pendidikan dengan kualitas pendidikan yang tertuang dalam Renstra dari perspektif efisiensi alokatif, sehingga gambaran yang jelas akan menyebabkan peningkatan alokasi tidak sejalan dengan kualitas pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post-positivism, pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam dan dokumen sebagai data sekunder, dan melakukan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah belum terpenuhinya kesesuaian antara alokasi anggaran pendidikan dengan skala prioritas di Kota Depok dan Kota Bogor, hal ini disebabkan beberapa hal, yaitu: (1) anggaran pendidikan belum dialokasikan secara optimal untuk berorientasi input. untuk peningkatan kualitas Renstra dan Renja pendidikan, (2) alokasi anggaran pendidikan lebih banyak dialokasikan pada komponen-komponen yang tidak produktif dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan, dan (3) program peningkatan mutu pendidikan belum dilaksanakan secara masif. Solusi utama dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kualitas data sekolah berdasarkan kebutuhan pokok sehingga Renstra ditetapkan sesuai dengan tingkat urgensi kota, sehingga anggaran yang dialokasikan dapat sesuai dengan Renstra berdasarkan skala prioritas. ...... The education budget is the most important component in realizing development, especially in the aspect of human resources, efforts that have been made are increasing the budget allocation by up to 20% in accordance with the mandate of the National Education System Law number 20 of 2003 Article 49 paragraph 1.However, the increase in the budget has not shown signs of improving the quality of education, especially in Depok City and Bogor City. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the suitability of education budget allocations with the quality of education contained in the Strategic Plan from the perspective of allocative efficiency, so that a clear picture will cause an increase in allocations to be inconsistent with the quality of education. The method used in this research is post-positivism, data collection by conducting in-depth interviews and documents as secondary data, and conducting qualitative analysis. The results of this study are that there has not been a match between the allocation of the education budget and the priority scale in Depok City and Bogor City, this is due to several things, namely: (1) the education budget has not been allocated optimally for input orientation. for improving the quality of the Renstra and Renja for education, (2) more education budget allocations are allocated to unproductive components in improving the quality of education, and (3) programs for improving the quality of education have not been implemented massively. The main solution of this research is to improve the quality of school data based on basic needs so that the strategic plan is determined according to the urgency level of the city, so that the allocated budget can be in accordance with the strategic plan based on a priority scale.

Abstrak :
Penganggaran merupakan aktivitas paling sentral dan berpengaruh terhadap seluruhaspek kegiatan pemerintah, yang salah satu tugasnya adalah mengalokasikan anggarandengan tepat. Dalam prakteknya, walaupun pemerintah telah melaksanakan reformasipengelolaan keuangan negara, proses pengalokasian anggaran yang dilakukan selama inibelum merefleksikan langkah-langkah dan mekanisme yang memenuhi prinsip-prinsip dalamreformasi penganggaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis allocative efficiency diKementerian Pertanian yang tidak berjalan, serta menemukan rumusan allocative efficiencyyang tepat agar dapat dicapai belanja berkualitas. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan paradigmapost-positivisme dengan metode pengumpulan data secara kualitatif dan mengambil obyekkasus Kementerian Pertanian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan : i allocativeefficiency tidak berjalan di Kementerian Pertanian disebabkan : a pengalokasian anggaranKementerian Pertanian belum berdasarkan pada skala prioritas; b perencanaanpenganggaran belum mencantumkan skala prioritas; c alokasi anggaran KementerianPertanian tidak sesuai dengan skala prioritas; dan d tidak adanya keterkaitan antara RPJMN,Renstra, RKP, Renja dan RKAKL/ DIPA; serta ii tidak adanya rumusan allocativeefficiency yang tepat di Kementerian Pertanian, disebabkan : a Kementerian Pertanianbelum melakukan realokasi anggaran dengan baik; b penerapan performance-basedbudgeting PBB baru sebatas terminologi dengan informasi kinerja yang belum dapatmemberikan arah yang jelas dalam pelaksanaan anggaran, monitoring dan evaluasi kinerjapenganggaran kurang dilaksanakan dengan baik serta penerapan standar biaya belum ideal; c pelaksanaan medium term expenditure framework MTEF tidak disiplin denganpemahaman mengenai forward estimate masih kurang serta belum adanya titik temu antaratop down dengan bottom up budgeting; dan d kelembagaan Kementerian Pertanian terkaitpenganggaran tidak mendukung pencapaian allocative efficiency.

---

Budgeting is the most central and influencing activity of a whole aspects in the governmentthat one of its duty is to allocate budget approriately. In practice, the government hasimplemented a reform in state finance management. However, current process of budgetallocating has not reflected measures and mechanisms that meet the principles in budgetingreform. This research aims to analyze allocative efficiency in Ministry of Agriculture that hasnot well performed and to determine the most appropriate formula of allocative efficiency inorder to achieve a high quality spending. This research applies a post positivism paradigmthat employs qualitative data collecting and Ministry of Agriculture as case object. This paperconcludes that i allocative efficiency is not well implemented in Ministry of Agriculture,the reasons are a budget allocating in the Ministry has not based on scale of priorities b its budget planning has not included scale of priorities c budget allocation in the Ministrydoes not conform to the scale of priorities and d there is not a linkage on Medium TermsPlan, Strategic Plan, Annual Government Plan, Annual Plan and Budget Document ofMinistry of Agriculture ii a proper concept of allocative efficiency has not appplied in theMinistry, due to a Ministry of Agriculture has not well reallocated its budget b performance based budget is implemented at a terminological level, which is defined as aperfomance information that cannot provide a clear direction in budget execution, moreover,monitoring and evaluation of the budget performance has not properly conducted andstandard cost has not been ideally implemented c MTEF is not optimally implemented,since its understanding on the concept of forward estimate remains low and meeting point oftop down and bottom up budgeting has not been established and d the budgetinginstitutions in Ministry of Agriculture do not support in achieving allocative efficiency.

Abstrak :
Indonesia menghadapi risiko yang signifikan terhadap perubahan iklim, yang dampaknya dapat dikurangi dengan partisipasi aktor negara dan aktor bukan negara baik skala nasional, internasional, regional dan lokal. Upaya menanggulangi perubahan iklim membutuhkan sumber daya yang signifikan yang perlu dipersiapkan dengan cermat.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) menganalisis bagaimana aliran pendanaan iklim menggunakan pendekatan Social Network Analysis (SNA); (ii) menjelaskan urgensi rekonstruksi kebijakan pendanaan perubahan iklim; (iii) mengembangkan desain model kebijakan pendanaan perubahan iklim. Paradigma yang digunakan adalah konstruktivisme dengan pendekatan multi metode, menggunakan tools SNA dan modelling System Dynamics (SD). SD digunakan untuk menentukan proporsi kebijakan fiskal pembiayaan dan kebijakan non fiskal hingga 2030. Informan  terdiri dari aktor, pejabat pemerintah, profesional, aktor perbankan, dan individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban APBN sangat tinggi mencapai 92% hingga 2030 untuk membiayai kegiatan perubahan iklim, ada urgensi untuk mendesak share pendanaan dari negara maju, diperlukan layer pembagian peran dan tanggung. Fakta empiris menunjukan aliran dana iklim sejak 2007-2017 didominasi oleh sektor publik dan masih menjadi tantangan bagi keterlibatan sektor swasta. Pendapatan pajak mendominasi dan sebagai sumber pendanaan terbesar untuk membiayai kegiatan mitigasi dan adaptasi iklim selama periode penelitian. Model desain kebijakan pendanaan perubahan iklim terdiri dari kluster kebijakan pendanaan fiskal dan kluster kebijakan pendanaan non fiskal. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi bahwa harus ada keseimbangan kebijakan pendanaan antara kebijakan pendanaan fiskal dan kebijakan pendanaan non fiskal, shifting burden dari APBN perlu dilakukan sehingga tidak membebani APBN terutama dari sektor swasta dan secara berkelanjutan memperjuangkan kontribusi pendanaan dari negara yang memberikan share kenaikan emisi tinggi. Penelitian juga mengusulkan desain model kebijakan pendanaan perubahan iklim meliputi mitigasi dan adaptasi, serta kerangka kerja Allocative Efficiency untuk perubahan iklim pada belanja publik.

---

Indonesia presents significant risks to the climate change by increased variability and intensity of rainfall and to sea level rise. The impact of climate change can be reduced by participating state actor and non state actor both national and international efforts to reduce GHG emissions and by investing in adaptation to climate change to protect against loss and damage to the country's natural resources. Reducing emissions and building resilience will require  significant financial resources which needs to be  prepared carefully. The research aims  to (i) analyse how is the climate finance flow using Social network Analysis (SNA) approach; (ii) analyse the urgency of climate finance policy reconstruction; (iii) develop design model of climate finance policy using System Dynamics approach. The research using constructivism paradigm with multi methode method using Social Network Analysis and System Dynamics Model to determine the  proportion of financing fiscal policy and non fiscal policy up to 2030 as well as construct the climate finance policy. Informan consist of actors, governemnt officials, professional, banking actor, and individual. The result shows that there is urgent to reconstruct the climate finance policy in Indonesia due to high burdern of APBN reached 92% until 2030 for financing climate change activities in Indonesia. It is also proven that with empirical evidence that the flow of climate fund since 2007 until 2017 dominated by public sectors and still challenges for private sectors involvement. Tax revenue is found as the most funding resources to finance the climate activities of mitigation and adaptation during period of research. Design model of climate finance policy consist of cluster fiscal policy and non fiscal policy. The research provide recommendation due to the externalites of climate change and as global public goods there should be balanced of climate finance policy between climate fiscal policy and non fiscal policy, shifting burden from APBN need to be conducted especially financing form private sector and fighting continously on the contribution from countries that share high emission increases. The research also propose the model of climate finance policy framework and  framework of climate allocative efficiency in public spending.