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"[ABSTRAKPenyembuhan defek tulang akibat trauma, antara lain dapat berupa trauma fisik; mekanik; kimia maupun biologik dapat dilakukan melalui terapi transplantasi tulang autogenik; allogenik; alloplastik dan xenogenik. Penggunaan material xenogenik yang paling sering digunakan dalam mempercepat penyembuhan adalah material dari bovine yang mempunyai potensi osteokonduktif sangat baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perilaku sel osteoblas manusia terhadap paparan bovine periosteal membrane dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Bovine periosteal menbrane produksi BATAN yang diujikan tidak menstimulasi proliferasi sel osteoblas setelah 24 jam pemaparan. Disamping itu, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna terhadap ekspresi fosfatase alkali dan konsentrasi osteokalsin pada sel osteoblas yang dipapar dengan bovine periosteal membrane dibandingkan dengan kontrol

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ABSTRACTHealing of bone defects due to trauma, including physical; mechanical; chemical and biological trauma can be done through autogenic; allogenic; alloplastic and xenogenic bone transplantation therapy. The most common xenogenic material that is used for bone healing acceleration is bovine material which has excellent osteoconductive potention. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in the behavior of human osteoblast cells on exposure to bovine periosteal membrane compared with controls. The results of this study indicate that bovine periosteal membrane from BATAN is not stimulate the proliferation of osteoblast after 24 hours of exposure. In addition, there is no significant difference on the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin concentration in osteoblast cells exposed to bovine periosteal membrane compared with controls. , Healing of bone defects due to trauma, including physical; mechanical; chemical and biological trauma can be done through autogenic; allogenic; alloplastic and xenogenic bone transplantation therapy. The most common xenogenic material that is used for bone healing acceleration is bovine material which has excellent osteoconductive potention. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in the behavior of human osteoblast cells on exposure to bovine periosteal membrane compared with controls. The results of this study indicate that bovine periosteal membrane from BATAN is not stimulate the proliferation of osteoblast after 24 hours of exposure. In addition, there is no significant difference on the expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin concentration in osteoblast cells exposed to bovine periosteal membrane compared with controls. ]"

"Zeolit terstruktur yang menggabungkan mikro- danmesoporositas disiapkan dengan menggunakan metode desilikasi dalam larutan basa NaOH 0,2 M terhadap dua jenis zeolit ZSM5: ZSM5 komersial tanpa template ? (Si/Al 8,62) dan ZSM5 yang disintesis menggunakan template (Si/Al 25). Pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa kristalinitas dan short-range order dalam zeolit yang didesilikasimenggunakan basa tidak mengalami perubahan dibandingkan dengan zeolit awal untuk kedua sampel. Pengukuran permukaan pada zeolit ZSM5 ?tanpa template? menunjukkan bahwa luas permukaan berkurang sebesar 2,33% namun isoterm adsorpsinya dapat dikategorikan ke dalam Tipe IV, yang merupakan karakteristik dari material mesopori. Hal ini didukung dari adanya perubahan pada volume mesopori dari 0,38 cm 3/g menjadi 0,45 cm 3/g, dan distribusi ukuran pori BJH meningkat dari 10 menjadi 18 nm. Di sisi lain, luas permukaan ZSM5 sintesis yang didesilikasi dengan basa meningkat sebesar 8,25%, tetapi kurva isoterm adsorpsinya menjadi Tipe I yang terkait dengan struktur mikropori. Lebih jauh lagi, analisis t-plot menunjukkan bahwa volume mesopori dari ZSM5 sintesis yang didesilikasi dengan basa meningkat sebesar 26%, dari 0,037 cm 3/g menjadi 0,046 cm 3/g, dengan sifat intrinsik zeolit tidak berubah. Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan template organik memainkan peranan penting dalam mempertahankan struktur zeolit selama perlakuan menggunakan basa.

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AbstractHierarchical zeolites combining micro- and mesoporosity were prepared using desilication method in alkaline solution of NaOH 0.2 M on two types of ZSM5: ?template free? commercial ZSM5 (Si/Al 8.62) and ?templated? as-synthesized ZSM5 (Si/Al 25). The powder X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that crystallinity and short-range order in the alkalinetreated zeolites were virtually unchanged compared to bothof the parent zeolites. The surface measurement on the template free ZSM5 zeolites showed that the surface area was reduced by 2.33%,but the adsorption isotherm can be categorized into Type IV which is typical of for mesoporous material, supported by the change in mesopore volume, and the BJH pore size distribution (from 10 to 18 nm). On the other hand, the surface area of the alkaline treated as-synthesized ZSM5 was increased by 8.25%, but its isotherm adsorption curve falls into Type I for microporous structure. The mesopore volume was increased by 26%, from 0.037 cm 3/g to 0.046 cm 3/g, with the intrinsic zeolite properties were mainly preserved. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the existence of organic templateplays an important role in preserving the zeolitic structure during the alkaline treatment. "

"ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui potensi hepatoprotektif madu PS terhadap kadar alkali fosfatase (ALP) mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan galur DDY. Dua puluh empat ekor mencit jantan dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok hewan uji, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal (KK1) yang diberikan akuades dan minyak kelapa; kelompok kontrol perlakuan (KK2) yang diberikan akuades dan CCl4; serta 2 kelompok perlakuan (KP1 dan KP2) yang diberikan madu PS 10% dan 20% selama 14 hari berturut-turut, kemudian CCl4 2 jam setelah pemberian madu terakhir. Darah diambil 24 jam setelah injeksi CCl4. Kadar ALP diukur dengan metode kolorimetri. Hasil uji anova satu arah (P<0,05) menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata pemberian madu PS terhadap kadar ALP semua hewan uji. Dibandingkan kadar ALP KK2, kadar ALP KP1 lebih rendah 30,5% dan KP2 lebih rendah 52,9%. Namun, uji LSD (P<0,05) menunjukkan hanya kadar ALP KP2 yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan KK1. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa potensi hepatoprotektif madu PS 20% lebih besar dibandingkan madu PS 10%.

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ABSTRACT

The study has been conducted to know the hepatoprotective potency of PS honey administration on male-DDY mice’s alkaline phosphatase level of blood plasma. Twenty four male mice were divided into four groups, namely normal control group (KK1) which was administered with aquadest and coconut oil; treatment control group (KK2) which was administered with aquadest and CCl4; and two treatment groups which was administered with PS honey 10% (KP1) and 20% (KP2) within 14 consecutive days and three groups (KK2, KP1,and KP2) were injected with CCl4 on the 14th day. Alkaline phosphatase was measured based on colorimetry method. One-way anova test (P<0,05) showed that alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly different. Compared with KK2, the alkaline phosphatase levels of KP1 and KP2 were 30,5% and 52,9% lesser than KK2, consecutively. However, LSD test (P<0,05) showed that only alkaline phosphatase level of KP2 was not significantly different. In conclusion, dose 20% of PS honey is more potential on hepatoprotective than those of 10%.

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"Andesitic and basaltic lavas are the main product of the upper Miocene volcanic activities in Lubuk Sikaping region. They posses vesicular and amygdales structure, dark grey to black in colour, highly porphyritic in texture composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine (in basalt only) and minor hornblende, magnetite and ilmenite. They (basalt and andesite) mostly fall within the calc-alkaline series on the AFM. The basalt and andesite are not primary magma since they have low Mg# and Ni contents. The lavas resemble the typical of arc setting with Nb through on the spider-diagram patterns, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements relative to high field strength elements and heavy rare earth element. They are co-magmatic as shown by the REE pattern. The lavas have high concentration of Ba, Sr, La, Rb and Ce, Zr, Th and U, and high Ba/La ratio which indicating an involvement subducted sediment in their generation. The lava from Lubuk Sikaping is product of Maninjau Crater eruption in Upper Miocene. This lava was uplifted and exposed on high level topography for a few million years, and then superimposed by a high-K calcalkaline volcanic of mainly rhyolitic tuff as a result of the reactivation of the Maninjau Crater in Pleistocene."

"Terak feronikel adalah produk sekunder dari peleburan bijih nikel yang mengandung banyak logam berharga seperti nikel, kobalt, besi, bahkan unsur tanah jarang terkandung di sana. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjadi solusi dari masalah lingkungan yang terjadi karena terak ini dan logam berharga yang terbuang karena tidak ada proses lebih lanjut dari terak tersebut. Dalam percobaan ini terak feronikel pertama kali diberikan fusi alkali menggunakan natrium karbonat untuk menghilangkan silika yang memiliki jumlah besar dalam terak dan diikuti oleh pelindian air panas untuk memisahkan silika. Kemudian, proses hidrometalurgi dimulai menggunakan asam sulfat dengan berbagai konsentrasi seperti 0,2M, 0,4M, 0,6M dan 0,8M dengan berbagai waktu yaitu 15, 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit untuk mendapatkan yang paling efektif kondisi untuk melarutkan nikel. Sampel dan hasil percobaan ini dicirikan oleh proses ICP untuk mengetahui berapa banyak nikel dan besi larut dan dapat dikumpulkan untuk menjadi produk baru. Karakterisasi sampel menunjukkan adanya Ni 0,11%. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 0,2M H2SO4 dan pelindian 15 menit adalah kondisi terbaik untuk menghasilkan% tertinggi dari ekstraksi nikel.

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Ferronickel slag is secondary product from nickel ore smelting that containing many valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, even rare earth elements is contained there. This research is conducted to become the solution of the environmental issues that happened because of this slag and the valuable metals that wasted because there is no further processing of the slag. In this experiment ferronickel slag is first given an alkaline fusion using sodium carbonate to remove silica that have a big amount in the slag and followed by the hot water leaching to separate the silica. Then, the hydrometallurgy process is started using the sulfuric acid with various concentration such as 0.2M, 0,4M, 0,6M and 0,8M with various time that is 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes to get the most effective condition to dissolve the nickel. The sample and result of this experiment is characterized by ICP process to know how much the nickel and iron dissolve and can be collected to become a new product. Sample characterization showed the presence of Ni 0,11%. The result of this research is 0,2M H2SO4 and 15 minutes of leaching is the best condition to make the highest % of nickel extraction."

"Geopolimer adalah bahan bangunan ramah lingkungan sebagai subtitusi semen portland. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi optimal dalam proses pembentukan geopolimer untuk mencapai nilai kuat tekan terbaik. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada pengaruh suhu pelarutan aktivator, yaitu NaOH dan Na2SiO3, dengan variasi suhu pelarutan 30°C, 40°C, dan 50°C, serta penambahan semen portland sebesar 5%, 10%, dan 15% terhadap berat fly ash sebagai prekursor. Nilai kuat tekan terbaik, yaitu 20,12 MPa, dicapai pada sampel dengan suhu pelarutan aktivator alkali 40°C dan substitusi semen portland sebesar 15% terhadap fly ash. Nilai tersebut lebih tinggi daripada sampel kontrol semen portland yang memiliki kuat tekan sebesar 19,42 MPa. Sampel terbaik tersebut kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan beberapa uji, yang mengindikasikan pembentukan beberapa kristal baru seperti kuarsa, okenite, faujasite-Na, anortit, dan aluminocoquimbite yang memiliki tingkat kekerasan mineral cukup tinggi. Selain itu, terdeteksinya ikatan-ikatan seperti Si-O-Si dan Al-O-Si yang lebih kuat pada sampel dengan nilai kuat tekan tertinggi.

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Geopolymer is an environmentally friendly building material used as a substitute for Portland cement. This research aims to determine the optimal conditions in the geopolymer formation process to achieve the best compressive strength value. The focus of this research is on the influence of the dissolution temperature of activators, namely NaOH and Na2SiO3, with dissolution temperature variations of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C, as well as the addition of Portland cement by 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of fly ash as a precursor. The best compressive strength value, which is 20.12 MPa, was achieved in samples with an alkali activator dissolution temperature of 40°C and a substitution of 15% Portland cement for fly ash. This value is higher than the control sample of Portland cement, which has a compressive strength of 19.42 MPa. The best samples were then characterized with several tests, indicating the formation of several new crystals such as quartz, okenite, faujasiteNa, anorthite, and aluminocoquimbite, which have a relatively high mineral hardness level. In addition, the presence of stronger bonds such as Si-O-Si and AlO-Si was detected in samples with the highest compressive strength value."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Enzim fosfatase alkali antara lain digunakan dalam teknik ?enzyme immunoassay?, untuk mengukur kadar sesuatu zat dalam cairan tubuh dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil. Dalam penelitian ini diusahakan isolasi dan pemurnian enzim fosfatase alkali dari E. coli. Identifikasi kuman dilakukan dengan agar Endo, agar darah, tes pewarnaan Gram, sifat-sifat biokimia, dan tes serologik. Untuk pemurnian enzim digunakan sonikator, kromatografi pertukaran ion dengan DEAE Biogel, dan kromatografi gel dengan Sephadex G-100. Kemurnian enzim diperiksa dengan elektroforesis pada membran selulosa asetat. Aktivitas enzim secara kuantitatif ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer, dan secara kuaLitatif dapat dilihat dengan agar substrat. Kadar protein diukur dengan metoda Lowry. Terhadap fraksi gel diteliti pengaruh suhu, pH, ion logam, dan jenis bufer atas aktivitas enzim. Demikian pula ditentukan nilai Km dan Vmax, serta reaksi hidrolisis tanpa dan dengan transfosforilasi.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Kuman diidentifikasi sebagai E. coli non-patogen. Enzim diperoleh setelah fraksi gel dengan ,pemurnian 242 kali dan hasil 59%. Pada eLektroforesis ditemukan kadar protein enzim 52,8%. Enzim memiliki pH optimum 8,0, dan tidak stabil bila diinkubasi selama 1 jam diluar pH optimum. Aktivitas enzimeningkat secara Linier sampai suhu 45° C, dengan koefisien suhu 1,49. Enzim stabil pada inkubasi selama 20 menit pada suhu 25 - 45° C. Aktivitas enzim tidak dipengaruhi penambahan ion Mg dan Zn (0,01 M). Aktivitas meningkat dengan meningkatnya molaritas bufer, Vmax terbesar didapatkan dalam buffer Tris dan Km terkeciL pada bufer AMP. Reaksi hidrolisis dan transfosforilasi berlangsung pada bufer Tris dan AMP, sedangkan pada bufer glisin hanya terjadi reaksi hidrolisis.

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Scope and Method of Study: The enzyme alkaline phosphatase is used among others in enzyme immunoassay, to enable the quantitation of a small amount of substances in body fluids. In this study, an attempt was carried out for the isolation and purification of the enzyme from E. coli. The bacteria was identified through culture on Endo and blood agar, Gram staining, biochemical tests, and serology. The bacteria were disrupted by ultrasonication, and the enzyme purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Biogel followed by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Enzyme purity was examined by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometry, and protein concentration was measured by the method of Lowry. The gel fraction was tested for the effect of pH, temperature, metal ion, and type of buffer. The Km and Vmax was measured, for hydrolysis with and without transphosphorylation.Findings and Conclusions: The bacteria was identified as non-pathogenic E. coli. After gel chromatography the enzyme was purified 242 fold, at 59%, yield. Electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme content was 52.8 %. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.0, and it was unstable on standing for 1 hour outside the pH optimum. Enzyme activity increased Linearly with temperature (to 45° C), with a temperature coefficient of 1.49. The enzyme is stable for 20 minutes at 5° - 45++ C, and the activity not influenced by Mg++ and Zn++ ions (0.01 M). The activity increased with increased molarity of the buffer, the highest Vmax was observed with Tris buffer, and the Lowest Km with AMP buffer. Hydrolysis and transphosphorylation occurred in Tris and AMP buffer, while in glycine buffer only hydrolysis was observed."

"Masalah: Pemakaian gigi tiruan sebagian lepasan sangat erat hubungannya dengan terjadinya akumulasi plak dan depositnya, yang menjadi tempat menguntungkan untuk pertumbuhan bakteri. Pada gigi tiruan sebagian, penumpukan plak paling banyak terdapat di daerah servikal yang berhadapan dengan gigi penyangga, sehingga bakteri dapat pula berkoloni pada gigi penyangga dan menyebabkan karies gigi.Oleh karena itu sangat diperlukan pembersihan gigi tiruan yang dapat mengurangi pertumbuhan bakteri khususnya bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang berhubungan dengan etiologi karies. Telah terbukti bahwa pembersihan gigi tiruan secara kimiawi yaitu dengan cara perendaman dalam larutan pembersih seperti alkalin peroksida, sodium bikarbonat dan sodium hipoklorid 0,5% lebih efektif menjangkau seluruh permukaan basis gigi tiruan dibandinngkan pembersihan secara mekanik Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui lama perendaman larutan pembersih gigi tiruan yaitu alkallin peroksida, sodium bikarbonat dam sodium hipoklorid 0,5% yang dapat mengurangi jumlah koloni S.mutans pada basis resin akrilik permukaan halus dan kasar. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan 48 spesimen, 24 spesimen dengan permukaan halus dan 24 spesimen dengan permukaan kasar. Setelah dikontaminasi dengan bakteri S.mutans direndam dalam 3 larutan pembersih dan aquades sebagai kontrol selama 5 dan 10 menit. Selanjutnya spesimen dibiakkan pada agar darah, dimasukkan inkubator dan jumlah koloni dihitung dan dianalisa. Hasil: Dari hasil uji statistik disimpulkan bahwa larutan sodium hipoklorid 0,5% dengan lama perendaman selama 5 menit tidak berbeda bermakna dengan perendaman selama 10 menit pada spesimen resin akrilik heat-cured permukaan halus dan permukaan kasar. Sodium hipoklorid 0,5% paling efektif mengurangi bakteri S.mutans dibandingkan dengan larutan alkalin peroksida dan sodium bikarbonat Kesimpulan: Larutan sodium hipoklorid 0.5% dengan lama perendaman 5 dan 10 menit paling banyak mengurangi jumlah koloni S mutans.

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Background:The usage of partial removable denture is strongly associated with accumulation of plaque and its deposits, which is an ideal place for bacterial growth. Plaque deposits in partial removable denture commonly found in cervical area adjacent to abutment tooth and caused bacterial colonization on abutment tooth which led to the occurrence of dental caries. That is why application of denture cleaning solution that will reduce bacterial growth, especially Streptococcus mutans which related to caries formation etiology, is crucial. It has been proven that chemical cleansing of denture by soaking the removable denture in chemical cleaning solution such as sodium hypochlorite 0,5% and sodium bicarbonate is more effective the area inaccessible by mechanical cleansing. Objective:To determine the effect of rinsing duration of cleaning solution, such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium hypochlorite 0,5%, to S.mutans bacterial colonies on smooth-surfaced and rough-surfaced acrylic resin plate. Method:This laboratory experiment was conducted using 48 specimens, with 24 smooth-surfaced and 24 rough-surfaced acrylic resin plates. After S.mutans contamination, the specimens were rinsed in 3 different cleaning solution and aquadest which served as control, for the duration of 5 and 10 minutes. Afterwards, the specimens were cultured in blood agar mediums and kept inside incubator for a period of time, and then colonies of S. mutans formed in the medium were counted. Results:Statistical analysis showed that the rinsing of acrylic plate in sodium hypochlorite 0,5% for 5 and 10 minutes significantly reduced S.mutans colonies compared to rinsing in alkaline peroxide and sodium bicarbonate for both the smooth and rough-surfaced specimens. Conclusion:Soaking of acrylic plate in sodium hypochlorite 0,5% for 5 and 10 minutes is the most effective way to reduce S.mutans colonies in both the smooth and rough-surfaced specimens."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efisiensi ekstraksi silika dari abu terbang (fly ash) PLTU menggunakan metode Sequential Acid-Alkaline Leaching (SAAL). Metode ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan utama: pelindian asam dengan HCl, pelindian basa dengan NaOH, dan presipitasi menggunakan H2SO4. Fly ash yang digunakan berasal dari limbah PLTU dengan kandungan silika yang tinggi. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pengaruh variasi konsentrasi NaOH dan H2SO4 terhadap recovery silika.Pada tahap pertama, pelindian asam menggunakan HCl dilakukan untuk menghilangkan pengotor seperti Fe, Ca, dan Al. Residu yang diperoleh kemudian dilindi dengan NaOH pada konsentrasi yang bervariasi untuk mengekstraksi silika sebagai natrium silikat. Filtrat yang mengandung natrium silikat selanjutnya dipresipitasi menggunakan H2SO4 untuk menghasilkan endapan silika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi NaOH dan H2SO4 memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi ekstraksi silika. Konsentrasi NaOH yang lebih tinggi meningkatkan jumlah silika yang terlarut dalam larutan natrium silikat, sementara konsentrasi H2SO4 yang optimal diperlukan untuk menghasilkan presipitasi silika yang maksimal. Dengan metode ini, silika dengan kemurnian tinggi dapat diekstraksi dari fly ash, menunjukkan potensi pemanfaatan fly ash sebagai sumber silika yang bernilai tinggi.

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This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of silica extraction from coal fly ash using the Sequential Acid-Alkaline Leaching (SAAL) method. This method comprises three main stages: acid leaching with HCl, alkaline leaching with NaOH, and precipitation using H2SO4. The fly ash used in this study originates from a power plant waste with high silica content. The focus of this research is on the effect of varying concentrations of NaOH and H2SO4on silica recovery.

In the first stage, acid leaching with HCl is performed to remove impurities such as Fe, Ca, and Al. The resulting residue is then leached with NaOH at varying concentrations to extract silica as sodium silicate. The filtrate containing sodium silicate is subsequently precipitated using H2SO4 to produce silica precipitate. The results show that variations in NaOH and H2SO4 concentrations significantly affect the efficiency of silica extraction. Higher concentrations of NaOH increase the amount of silica dissolved in the sodium silicate solution, while an optimal concentration of H2SO4 is required to maximize silica precipitation. Using this method, high-purity silica can be extracted from fly ash, demonstrating the potential of fly ash as a valuable source of silica."