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Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aktivitas harian dan kemandirian orangutan {Pongo pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1760)} muda di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, Taman margasatwa Ragunan, Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan mengamati pola aktivitas harian dan kemandirian orangutan muda yang lahir di penangkaran. Penelitian pada dua ekor orangutan betina, yang masingmasing berusia 1 dan 2 tahun, dilakukan selama bulan Februari--Maret 2009 menggunakan metode focal animal dan ad libitum sampling. Aktivitas yang diamati adalah istirahat, bergerak, makan, bermain, menelisik, bergendong, dan menyusu. Pencatatan aktivitas harian dibagi atas aktivitas dekat induk (0--2 meter) dan jauh dari induk (>2 meter). Tabulasi data disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan diagram serta dianalisis secara deskriptif. Rerata aktivitas harian kedua individu orangutan muda secara umum menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas bergerak (44,38%) merupakan aktivitas tertinggi, diikuti dengan aktivitas makan (22,27%), bermain (16,51%), bergendong (13%), menelisik (1,78%), istirahat (1,49%), dan menyusu (9,46%). Terdapat perbedaan pemanfaatan jarak antara individu dengan induknya masing-masing. Aktivitas harian jauh dari induk lebih banyak dilakukan individu berusia lebih tua (64,42 %) dibandingkan individu berusia lebih muda (28,26%). Sedangkan aktivitas harian dekat induk lebih sedikit dilakukan individu lebih tua (35,58 %) dibandingkan individu yang lebih muda (71,74%). Berdasarkan pemanfaatan jarak, individu dengan usia yang muda lebih banyak menggunakan waktu dekat induk untuk bergerak (29,19 %), bergendong (19,30%), makan (16,64%), bermain (4,33%), beristirahat (1,34%), dan menyusu (0,48%), sedangkan individu dengan usia lebih tua lebih banyak menggunakan waktu jauh dari induk untuk bergerak (33,08%), bermain (17,66%), makan (12,56%), beristirahat (0,58%), dan menelisik (0,54%).

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ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi pengunjung yang ditekankan pada aktivitas, kepadatan, dan kebisingan pengunjung terhadap perilaku lutung jawa Trachypithecus auratus di, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Penelitian dilakukan selama 15.600 menit selama periode Februari 2017--April 2017 dari pukul 08.00--15.30 WIB. Metode scan sampling digunakan untuk mencatat perilaku 1 ekor lutung jawa jantan dewasa dan 2 ekor lutung jawa betina dewasa dalam interval waktu 5 menit tanpa jeda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Taman Margasatwa Ragunan memberikan dampak positif terhadap perilaku lutung jawa dikarenakan tingginya persentase perilaku sosial afiliatif dibandingkan perilaku sosial agresif dan adanya interaksi lutung jawa terhadap kehadiran pengunjung. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Chi-square meliputi kepadatan, kebisingan, dan aktivitas pengunjung di antaranya 0,111; 0,077; dan 0,081 P > 0,05 menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara perilaku dan kehadiran pengunjung terhadap aktivitas harian lutung jawa. Persentase rerata perilaku reproduksi tertinggi jantan terhadap betina 1 dan 2 adalah proseptivitas masing-masing 0,07 0,10 dan 0,03 0,05. Persentase rerata perilaku reproduksi terendah jantan terhadap betina 1 dan 2 adalah reseptivitas masing-masing 0,005 0,01 dan 0,008 0,02. ABSTRACT
Name Rizkyana Novita Sari Study Program Biology Title The Influence of Visitor Interactions on Javan Langur Trachypithecus auratus E. Geoffroy, 1812 Behavior in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan Research has been conducted to know the effect of visitor interaction that is emphasized on activity, density, and visitor noise on javan langur Trachypithecus auratus behavior in Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. The study was conducted for 15,600 minutes in February 2017 April 2017 from 08 00 a.m. to 15 30 p.m. The scan sampling method is used to record 1 adult male javan langur and 2 adult female juvenile within 5 minute intervals without interlude. The results show that Taman Margasatwa Ragunan has a positive impact on the behavior of javan langur because of the high percentage of affiliative social behavior rather than aggressive social behavior and the interaction of javan langur to the presence of visitors. The results of the research using Chi square test include density, noise, and visitor activity of 0.111 0.077 And 0,081 P 0,05 showed no influence between behavior and presence of visitor to daily activity of javan langur.The highest mean percentage of male reproductive behavior toward both females is proceptivity and the lowest is receptivity. The highest percentage of reproductive behavior of males to females 1 and 2 is the proceptivity 0.07 0.10 and 0.03 0.05 . The mean percentage of male 39 s lowest reproductive behavior toward females 1 and 2 is the receptivity of each 0,005 0,01 and 0,008 0,02 .

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Pasien pasca stroke saat kembali ke rumah, mereka mengalami masa transisi untuk mengembangkan fungsi fisik dalam aktivitas harian, kemandirian dalam fungsi sehari-hari dan kembali ke kehidupan komunitas. Mereka dihadapkan dengan hambatan kogntif, dependensi, kehilangan identitas, isolasi, kepercayaan diri, dan ketakutan akan kematian. Seluruh isu ini melibatkan persepsi seseorang mengenai self efficacy dalam aktivitas harian mereka. Self efficacy yang rendah dalam aktivitas harian dapat meningkatkan stres dan resiko depresi. Pasien pasca stroke perlu memegang kendali dan mengembangkan kemampuan dalam mengatur self control untuk adaptasi kondisi pasca stroke. Program self control merupakan salah satu penerapan modifikasi perilaku, yang dimana pasien pasca stroke diminta untuk memantau aktivitas harian, melakukan evaluasi, serta memberikan konsekuensi yang mengikuti kemunculan aktivitas harian secara mandiri. Desain penelitian ini termasuk dalam one group pretest-posttest design (before and after) yang diawali dengan pretest dan asesmen awal. Sebagai hasilnya pemberian 6 sesi program self control dapat meningkatkan self efficacy aktivitas harian pada partisipan, dimana secara kuantitatif terjadi peningkatan skor DLSES. Selain itu partisipan juga mengalami peningkatan dalam aktivitas harian. Partisipan merasa yakin akan kemampuan serta potensi yang dimiliki untuk menjalankan aktivitas harian. Partisipan mampu menetapkan tujuan, merencanakan aktivitas harian, serta solusi dalam menghadapi hambatan terkait kondisi pasca stroke. Untuk memperkuat komitmen dalam mempertahakan aktivitas harian diperlukan intervensi lanjutan berupa terapi keluarga atau support group.

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ABSTRACT
When post-stroke patients come back to their homes, they endure a transition phase for developing their physical function in daily activities, independence in everyday function and returning to their community lives. They are faced with cognitive boundary, dependency, identity loss, isolation, self-trust, and fear of death. All of these issues involve other people?s perception about self-efficacy in their daily activities. Low self-efficacy in daily activities can increase both stress and risk of depression. Post-stroke patients need to hold control and develop their ability in adjusting self-control to adapt post-stroke condition. Self-control program is one of the applications behavior modification, in which post-stroke patients are asked to observe daily activities, evaluate, and give consequences which follows the emergence of independent daily activities. With the one group pretest-posttest design (before and after) in which it starts with a pretest and early assessment. As a result, giving six session of self-control program may improve self-efficacy in the daily activities of the participants, in which quantitatively there is an increase in DLSES score. Other than that, participants also experience an increase in daily activities. Participants feel assured with the ability and potential they have to do daily activities. Participants are able to establish a goal, plan daily activities, and give solution in facing obstacle related to post-stroke condition. To strengthen the commitment in maintaining daily activities, they need further intervention in the form of family therapy or support group.;

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Orangutans are arboreal, semi solitary, and frugivor primates. They spend the majority of their time consuming fruits. The percentage of fruit consumption reaches 60–70 % of the total feeding time. The fluctuating fruit availability in the nature significantly impacts the orangutan’s nutritional intake. When fruits are available in low amounts, orangutans will use their fat storage to produce energy. The final result of the fat metabolism is ketone bodies, which can be detected in the orangutan’s urine. Tuanan is a secondary forest that would be an interesting valuable site for comparative studies, to ensure whether a certain type of habitat impacts the orangutan’s behavior and its necessity for food. The objectives of this research were (1) to observe the orangutan’s daily activity, food proportion, as well as the presence of ketone bodies in the orangutan’s urine, and (2) to ensure whether fruit availability affects those values. Data were collected from the following 12 orangutans (5 nonreproductive females, 1 reproductive female, 3 flanged males and 3 unflanged males) using instantaneous focal animal sampling method. The proportion of time spent in feeding, resting, moving, nesting, and social activity were 61,20%, 27,08%, 10,30%, 1,24% and 0,18%, respectively. Significant difference was obtained only in moving activity. Social activity has significant correlation with fruit availability. From this research, food proportion consisted of fruits (50,94%), leaves (27,24%), vegetative (9,87%), flowers (5,42%), cambium (3,65%), insects (2,80%), and others (0,08%). There was different proportion in flower intake based on gender and social class. Proportion of fruit consumption in orangutans was significantly correlated with fruit availability. From 116 orangutans' urine samples, ketone bodies were only found in non-reproductive females. The female had just given birth to her first offspring. There was no significant correlation between the presence of ketone bodies in orangutans with fruit availability.

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ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit memerlukan tingkat kewaspadaan yang tinggi saat kerja gilir dimalam hari, untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kecelakaan medis ataupun kelalaian medis akibat penurunan tingkat kewaspadaan. Memberikan waktu tidur singkat dapat merupakan suatu solusi untuk dapat tetap menjaga tingkat kewaspadaan saat bekerja gilir dimalam hari.Tujuan. Mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh intervensi tidur singkat terhadap tingkat kewaspadaan pekerja medis dan paramedis di RSUD Tanah Abang saat kerja gilir di malam hari.Metode. Penelitian pre-post experiment dilakukan di RSUD Tanah Abang dengan proportional random sampling. Kriteria inklusi subyek meliputi pekerja gilir malam yang dalam kondisi laik kerja. Pengukuran karakteristik subyek termasuk aktivitas harian dan asupan makanan saat dinas dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan fisik dan kuesioner terstandar. Intervensi diberikan berupa satu siklus waktu tidur singkat selama maksimal 30 menit pada saat waktu gilir malam. Pengukuran tingkat kewaspadaan dilakukan dengan Mackworth clock test pada awal dan akhir shift saat subyek tidak mendapatkan perlakuan tidur singkat maupun mendapatkan perlakuan tidur singkat. Pada saat mendapatkan perlakuan tidur singkat dilakukan pengukuran tambahan pada saat sebelum dan sesudah tidur singkat.Hasil. 4 pekerja medis dan 14 paramedis diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Subyek penelitian tidak memiliki karakteristik dasar dan pola asupan makanan yang homogen. Tidak ada perbedaan tingkat kewaspadaan yang bermakna antara kerja gilir malam tanpa tidur singkat skor 571,45 458-1477 dengan kerja gilir malam dengan perlakuan tidur singkat skor 609,33 466-1658 dengan p=0,500.pada populasi yang diteliti. Hasil yang sama didapatkan setelah penyesuaian dilakukan berdasarkan aktivitas harian dan asupan makanan.Kesimpulan. Tidak ada pengaruh intervensi tidur singkat terhadap tingkat kewaspadaan pekerja medis dan paramedis.

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ABSTRACT
Background. Healthcare provider at hospital need to be in high vigilance during their night shift. This is important to minimize medical mishap and negligence. Power nap allocation could be one of the solutions to maintain the level of vigilance during night shift.Aim. To identify how power nap influences medic and paramedic staff vigilance during night shift at Tanah Abang regional hospitalMethods. A pre post experimental study was conducted at Tanah Abang regional hospital using proportional random sampling. Inclusion criteria includes night shift workers who were fit to work. Baseline characteristics including daily activities record and food consumption were measured using standarize physical examination and questionnaires. Intervention was given a single cycle of power nap of maximal 30 minutes during night shift. Measurement of vigilance was conducted using Mackworth clock test at the begining and at the end of shift with or without intervention. During the intervention period, additional vigilance measurements were conducted.Result. We included 4 medics and 14 paramedics into the study. Subjects were relatively similar in baseline characteristics and food consumptions pattern. There is no signficance difference in vigilance between night shift without intervention score 571,45 458 1477 or with intervention score 609,33 466 1658 , with wilcoxon comparative test p 0,500 . Similar results persist even with adjustment in daily activities. Conclusion. There was is no significant improvement of vigilance level at the end of night shift with power nap interventionKeywords. Power Nap, Vigilance, Food Intake, Daily Activity, Medic, Paramedic, Night Shift