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Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Salah satu isu krusial dalam pembangunan pendidikan di Indonesia adalah kesenjangan akses pendidikan antar kabupaten/kota. Pelaksanaan desentralisasi yang bertujuan mendekatkan pelayanan publik ke masyarakat diharapkan membuat akses pendidikan tingkat kabupaten/kota menjadi lebih baik. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh alokasi anggaran pemerintah terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, diukur dengan angka partisipasi kasar (APK) dan angka partisipasi murni (APM). Analisis ekonometrika data panel 15 kabupaten/kota di Sulawesi Utara, periode 2010- 2012, menunjukkan beberapa hal. Pertama, anggaran pemerintah melalui anggaran fungsi pendidikan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap peningkatan APK dan APM. Kedua, dana transfer berupa DAU hanya berpengaruh meningkatakan akses pendidikan melalui APK, tidak pada APM. Ketiga, kemandirian fiskal kabupaten/kota tidak berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan akses pendidikan menengah daerahnya. PDRB per kapita sebagai cerminan kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat menunjukkan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap peningkatan APK dan APM. Namun demikian pengaruh variabelvariabel yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah sangat kecil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak alokasi anggaran pemerintah maupun pertumbuhan ekonomi, terhadap perbaikan akses pendidikan menengah kabupaten/kota relatif kecil.

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ABSTRACT
One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia is education access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation of decentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community is expected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. This study discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improving access secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by the gross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometric analysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 show several things. First, the government budget through the budget of the education functions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase the access to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency of kabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education in those area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of the community showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement of access to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact of government budget allocation and economic growth, improved access to secondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.;One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia is education access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation of decentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community is expected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. This study discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improving access secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by the gross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometric analysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 show several things. First, the government budget through the budget of the education functions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase the access to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency of kabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education in those area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of the community showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement of access to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact of government budget allocation and economic growth, improved access to secondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small., One of the crucial issues in the development of education in Indonesia is education access gap between kabupaten/kota. The implementation of decentralization which aims to bring the public service to the community is expected to make access to education at the kabupaten/kota for the better. This study discusses the effect of government budget allocation towards improving access secondary education kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, measured by the gross enrollment rate (GER) and net enrollment ratio (NER). Econometric analysis of panel data of 15 kabupaten/kota in North Sulawesi, 2010-2012 show several things. First, the government budget through the budget of the education functions show significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. Second, the transfer of funds in the form of DAU affects only increase the access to education through the GER, not to NER. Third, fiscal independency of kabupaten/kota have no effect in improving access to secondary education in those area. GDP per capita as a reflection of the economic capacity of the community showed significant and positive impact on the improvement of GER and NER. However, the variables which significantly effect the improvement of access to secondary education is very small. This shows that the impact of government budget allocation and economic growth, improved access to secondary education kabupaten/kota is relatively small.]