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"Infeksi jamur infasif atau mikosis infasif pada pasien dengan kondisi sistem imunitas rendah mengakibatkan sejumlah besar morbiditas dan mortalitas. Infeksi tersebut dapat terjadi di lingkungan rumah sakit, komunitas, maupun keduanya. Sejumlah spesies jamur dapat terkonsentrasi pada lingkungan udara rumah sakit, dan dianggap sebagai agen infeksi yang mudah terhirup oleh pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil jamur udara pada ruang rawat beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta serta kaitannya dengan kelas perawatan. Metode penelitian berdisain potong lintang ini menggunakan pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif dari beberapa rumah sakit di Jakarta. Cawan petri yang mengandung media agar saboraud dekstrosa diletakkan di dalam ruangan rawat RS dan dibiarkan terbuka selama 15 menit, setelah itu dilakukan inkubasi dalam suhu kamar selama minimal tiga hari. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses identifikasi spesies untuk mengetahui profil jamur.Hasil dalam penelitian ini, jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan rumah sakit pada umumnya terdiri atas lebih dari dua spesies, diantaranya: Aspergillus niger (67.5%), Candida sp. (40%), Aspergillus fumigatus (30%), Rhodoturula sp. dan Penicillium marnefei dalam jumlah sedikit. Pengamatan terhadap hubungan profil jamur dan jenis kelas ruang rawat menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelas ruang rawat rumah sakit, semakin sedikit jumlah dan ragam spesies jamur yang tumbuh.Simpulan. Profil jamur yang diisolasi dari ruang perawatan rumah sakit dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodoturula sp dan Penicillium marnefei. Hubungan profil jamur dan jenis kelas ruang rawat menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelas ruang rawat rumah sakit, semakin sedikit jumlah dan ragam spesies jamur yang tumbuh.

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Introduction. Invasive fungal infections (invasive mycoses) in immunodeficient patients yields in more than significant number of morbidity and mortality. Such infections occur on both hospital and community settings. Several fungal species might be concentrated in the air among hospitals, and considered as infectious agent that is easily inhaled by patients. This study aims on investigating the profile of airborne fungal species in several inpatient wards chosen from several hospitals in Jakarta and the correlation between those species and the class of the wards itself. Methods this is a cross-sectional study using consecutive samplings taken from several chosen Jakarta hospitals. Petri dish containing dextrose saboraud agar are placed about 1m height above the ground and exposed to open air for 15 minutes. Afterwards, the plates are incubated at room temperature for minimum of three days. Then, samples were analyzed inside the mycology lab for species identification to investigate presenting fungal profile.

Results in this study, common species that are isolated from the respective wards consists of at least two species, including Aspergillus niger (67.5%), Candida species (40%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (30%). Other infectious species such as Rhodotorula sp and Penicillium marnefei are found as well in few numbers. Observation on the relation of fungal profile and class of inpatient wards indicates that the higher the ward class, the less number and diversity of species growing inside the plates.

Conclusion, fungal profile that are isolated from the hospital inpatient wards in this study consists of Aspergillus niger, Candida sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhodoturula sp dan Penicillium marnefei. The correlation between the fungal profile and class of inpatient wards indicated that the higher the class of hospital wards, the less number and diversity of airborne fungi growing on the plates."

"Infeksi jamur nosokomial di rumah sakit terhadap pasien dengan kondisi imun yang rendah dapat memberikan dampak yang mengancam nyawa. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan kecenderungan infeksi jamur nosokomial oleh jamur udara semakin meningkat. Keterbatasan data profil jamur udara di lingkungan rumah sakit dapat menghambat pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan infeksi jamur nosokomial karena sumber infeksi tidak teridentifikasi. Penelitian ini menyelidiki keberadaan dan profil jamur udara di lingkungan luar empat rumah sakit di Jakarta, serta merupakan bagian dari penelitian multisenter aspergilosis invasif di ICU rumah sakit di Jakarta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan cawan petri berisi agar saboraud yang dibiarkan terpajan udara selama 15 menit. Proses identifikasi dilakukan setelah masa inkubasi untuk melihat profil jamur yang diisolasi: Aspergillus sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Rhodotorula sp, Scedosporium sp, Paecilomyses sp, Fusarium sp, Dematiaceae sp, Mycelia sterilia, Cylindrocarpon sp, dan Curvularia sp. Profil jamur yang diisolasi pada dua cawan medium atau lebih di Rumah Sakit Persahabatan: Dematiaceae dan Aspergillus fumigatus; Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo: Dematiaceae, Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, dan Penicillium; Rumah Sakit UKI: Dematiaceae, Penicillium, Mycelia sterilia, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus flavus dan Candida tropicalis; sedangkan di Rumah Sakit Sulianti Saroso: Aspergillus niger, Dematiaceae, Mycelia sterilia, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon, dan Aspergillus flavus.

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Nosocomial fungal infections in immunocompromised patients may pose a serious threat in mortality. Evidence suggests that the trend of nosocomial fungal outbreak in hospitals were increasing with almost all nosocomial fungal outbreak was caused by airborne fungi. However, the limited knowledge regarding airborne fungi profile rendering hospitals unable to identify the source of infections and hindering hospitals to provide optimal prevention and management towards nosocomial fungal infections. This study explored the presence and profile of airborne fungi in the outdoor environment of four hospitals in Jakarta and is a part of multicenter study on invasive aspergillosis in ICU patients at several hospitals in Jakarta. In each hospital, air samples were collected via saboraud agar in petri dish opened for 15 minutes. Identification process was carried in Mycology laboratory after incubation period to identify the isolated airborne fungal profiles which are Aspergillus sp, Candida sp, Penicillium sp, Rhodotorula sp, Scedosporium sp, Paecilomyses sp, Fusarium sp, Dematiaceae sp, Mycelia sterilia, Cylindrocarpon sp. and Curvularia sp. The profile of airborne fungal species isolated on two or more media plates at Persahabatan Hospital were Dematiaceae and Aspergillus fumigatus Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were Dematiaceae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium UKI Hospital were Dematiaceaeas, Penicillium, Mycelia sterilia, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus flavus and Candida tropicalis while at Soelianto Saroso Hospital were Aspergillus niger, Dematiaceae, Mycelia sterilia, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cylindrocarpon, and Aspergillus flavus."

"Pencemaran udara dalam ruangan merupakan masalah penting yang harus diperhatikan. Jamur udara ialah salah satu pencemar udara dalam ruangan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengukur dan menganalisis perbedaan konsentrasi jamur udara, menganalisis suhu, kelembaban, dan kepadatan hunian yang mempengaruhi konsentrasi jamur udara di beberapa jenis hunian, dan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku penghuni indekos terhadap konsentrasi jamur udara di indekos. Sampel jamur udara diambil dengan alat EMS E6-Single Stage yang diisi dengan media jamur MEA. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 79 (18 di indekos, 31 di rumah tapak, dan 30 di apartemen). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan 1 menit untuk setiap sampel. Jamur diinkubasi selama 48-72 jam dengan suhu ±29 ^oC. Perhitungan statistik menggunakan software SPSS versi 24. Hasil pengukuran konsentrasi jamur rata-rata di indekos, rumah tapak, dan apartemen masing-masing sebesar 1.046±413 CFU/m³, 825±241 CFU/m³, dan 294±55 CFU/m³. Kelembaban mempengaruhi konsentrasi jamur udara di rumah tapak (r=0,911) dan apartemen (r=0,521). Kepadatan hunian mempengaruhi konsentrasi jamur di rumah tapak (r=0,553) dan apartemen (r=0,459). Suhu tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi jamur di seluruh jenis hunian (p>0,05). Perilaku membuka jendela kamar mempengaruhi konsentrasi jamur udara di indekos (r=0,477). Pengetahuan dan sikap tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi jamur di indekos (p>0,05). Konsentrasi jamur udara tertinggi berada di jenis hunian indekos

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Indoor air pollution is a major problem that needs to be concerned. Airborne fungi is one of the indoor air pollutants. This research aims to measure and analyses airborne fungi concentration, analyses temperature, and relative humidity, and occupancy density that influenced airborne fungi concentration, and analyses the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of boarding house occupants to airborne fungi concentration in boarding house. Samples are taken with EMS E6-Single Stage which is filled with MEA. The amount of samples are 79 (18 in boarding house, 31 in homes, and 30 in apartments) with duration 1 minute of each samples and incubated for for 48-72 hours (±29 ^oC). SPSS is used to calculate statistical analyses. Mean airborne fungi concentrations for boarding houses, homes, and apartments respectively are 1,046±413 CFU/m³, 825±241 CFU/m³, and 294±55 CFU/m³. Relative humidity influenced airborne fungi concentration in homes (r=0,911) and apartments (r=0,521). Occupancy density influenced airborne fungi concentration in homes (r=0,553) and apartments (r=0,459). Temperature does not influence airborne fungi in any residence types (p>0,05). Opening room window influenced airborne fungi concentration in boarding house (r=0,477). Knowledge and attitude does not influence airborne fungi in boarding house (p>0,05). The highest airborne fungi concentration is in boarding house."