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Abstrak :
As traded agricultural commodity, sugar represents a strategic commodity in economy. From the consumption side, the market potency of sugar for domestic is so great, because sugar, in addition to being consumed directly for daily needs in the form of food and drinking, is also needed by food and beverage processing industries whose one of the component is sugar. From the production side, the sugar production is resulted by the sugar cane farmers and sugar factories. Sugar is the life source for small farmers where the contribution of people plantation to the total sugar cane production in 2001 reached 49% and opened the employment for 1.4 million people (Plantation Directorate General, 2000). In addition to the factory side, the sugar represents the significant investment for the processing machines because it is related with great investment fund. Besides, the domestic sugar production has not been able to fulfill the domestic consumption needs and the price of the foreign sugar is cheaper that cause the ample imported sugar into the domestic country. Therefore, the role of the government is necessary to make policies in the stipulating the tariff for incoming tax to protect the domestic sugar market. This research is to see how much the impacts of the government's policies in the form of tariff stipulation of incoming taxes either in the form of ad valorem or specific incoming tax toward the consumer price forming in the domestic country. To determine the quantitative data that will become the sample, data is collected with purposive sampling method. The theoretical basis employed refers to some economic theories like the theory of demands and supplies of goods and theory of consumer surplus and producer surplus. This research is explorative and descriptive using research instrument in the form of secondary data obtained from the published data of BPS and data of imported goods notification (PIB) within the period of stipulation policy of ad valorem and specific incoming tax tariff. Sample of PIB's data that are used in the research employed the data at the office of Customs and Taxes of Tanjung Priok and the price consumer used is the price consumer in the villages of West Java Province. The conclusions drawn from the result of the research are as follows: 1. The policy of tariff stipulation of ad valorem by calculating the incoming taxes based on the incoming tax tariff x the import value when the world price of sugar was low is not effective. Importers conducted many error indication, such as, the import value notified is lower then the world price of sugar. There is deviation of facility license of BPKM and the stipulation of tariff during the period from 2000 - to the beginning of July 2002 -that was less protecting the sugar that were ready to consume. As the results, the society needs of daily sugar consumption were more met by the imported sugar. 2. In the condition that the world price of sugar is low, it is more appropriate that the charge of the incoming tax tariff is based on the specific tariff where the magnitude of the incoming tax is calculated with the designated specific tariff x the number of goods. The supervision to the correctness of the number of commodity is easier to monitor than the value of the commodity. It is caused by the transaction value of a commodity is different for each sales. There are many factors that determine the low value of transaction of a product.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Rules of origin yang secara tidak langsung berperan sebagai hambatan perdagangan sehingga menimbulkan potensi peningkatan biaya produksi. Pada komoditas pertanian, rules of origin yang ditetapkan sebagian besar wholly obtained sehingga potensi peningkatan biaya lebih besar pada komoditas pertanian dibandingkan komoditas lain. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah membandingkan indeks hambatan rules of origin di ASEAN+1 FTAs (ACFTA, AJCEP, dan AKFTA) pada komoditas pertanian. Penelitian ini menggunakan Regime Wide Indeks Harris oleh Kelleher untuk menghitung tingkat hambatan rules of origin pada ASEAN+1 FTAs. Berdasarkan Product Specific Rules, AJCEP memiliki rules of origin paling fleksibel, diikuti dengan AKFTA dan ACFTA sebagai aturan asal yang paling ketat di ASEAN+1 FTAs. Pada Regime Wide Harris Index didapatkan hasil bahwa AJCEP memiliki aturan asal yang fleksibel setelah AKFTA, dan ACFTA merupakan rules of origin yang paling dekat ASEAN+1FTAs. Hasil ini dipengaruhi oleh sisi diagonal commulation yang paling besar di ACFTA