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"ABSTRAKThe effect of import tariff reduction on unemployment can be vary not only across sectors but also across regions, yet the empirical studies on regional analysis are still limited. this study investigates the effect of tariff reduction on unemployment in districts level in Indonesia spanning period 2000-2013. we follow the strategy of Topalova to construct regional tariff exposure in districts level. our empirical analysis use individual data approach to measure unemployment. By controlling the shifting in labor demand due to input tariff reduction, we find that impor tariff reduction leads to an increase in unemployment and the increase is higher in district with larger employment share in net importer sectors."

"Especially for Asian regions, rice is a strategic commodity because it is a staple food for most of the Asian people. In terms of agricultural land resources availability, several countries have become importers whereas the orthers exports...."

"Like many other Asian countries Indonesia inherited from colonial times a system of land taxation based on a detailed cadastre of all agricultural land. However in contrast with the experience of former colonial territories elsewhere in Asia the Indonesian government has in the post-1965 era been making a determined effort to revive land taxation as a source of revenue, and more important, to use the revenues as a means of promoting regional government initiative in the selection and carrying out of local develop¬ment projects. The tax is administered by a Directorate within the Ministry of Finance, whose regional offices are in charge of assessment down to individual taxpayers. Collection is done by village and regional government o`ficials while the use of funds is determined by kabupaten governments subject to certain regulations from the centre and provinces. In Java, Bali, Lombok, and South Sulawesi assessment is based on land records dating from the final decade of Dutch rule. In other parts of the archipelago where the colonial government did not assess a land tax on peasant agriculture, methods of current assessment are rather ad hoc with considerable differences between regions.Any evaluation of the functioning of an agricultural tax imposed in a poor agrarian economy such as Indonesia must take into account not only the standard criteria for assessing taxes such as equity, impact on resource allocation, administrative efficiency etc but also the rather more special¬ised arguments that have been developed in the literature for taxing agriculture and particularly agricultural land. Evidence available suggests that Ipeda in Indonesia contravenes the principle of equity in that, while widespread exemptions are given to urban income taxpayers, virtually all rural taxpayers have to pay both Ipeda and an assortment of other taxes some of which are assessed in a very regressive fashion. Rural producers are further penalised through government price policies for basic food staples such as rice and the renting of irrigated rice lands to the government sugar estates. There"

"One of the most worrying global issues facing agricultural interests today is the rapid conversion of productive agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. Indonesia has enacted the Sustainable Agriculture Land Protection Law (Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan / LP2B) as a crucial section of the Spatial Planning Regulations. Furthermore, the law has been ratified by a number of regional regulations. However, there are still misconceptions about LP2B among stakeholders which can magnify the difficulty of implementing the regulation. Using the historical method, this descriptive paper elaborates difficulties in protecting agricultural land due to misconceptions of stakeholders within the case study in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Misconceptions of stakeholders encompass three aspects: (1) land ownership (2) determination process and (3) implementation of LP2B protection. Difficulties did not automatically cease when the regulations had just enacted, instead, they continue into the application stage and become discourses in various cross-institutional forums. Furthermore, this paper synthesizes the author's own conceptions to rectify the misconceptions based on academic references and relevant statutory arguments. Stakeholders referred to in this paper were bureaucrats in agricultural and other institutions related to LP2B including the Regional Development Planning Agency, and the Ministry of Spatial Planning / National Land Agency. They were represented by officials, bureaucrats, or personnel who together with the author attended various coordination meetings, dissemination, workshops, focus group discussions, and similar forums that discussing LP2B and or other related topics in the period of 2014-2019. Policy implications are discussed."

"Studi pola pemanfaatan lahan pertanian di kabupatan Cianjur bagian utara dilakukan dengan mengacu pendapat Von Thunen yang menyatakan bahwa pemanfaatan lahan yang paling intensif terdapat di sekitar tempat pemukiman atau kampung dan semakin jauh dari pemukiman intensitas pemanfaatan lahan secara bertahap berkurang. Pendapat Von Thunen dapat ditafsirkan berorientasi pada besar kecilnya nilai keuntungan yang akan diperoleh petani. Sehubungan dengan itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan modifikasi dengan memasukkan unsur jalan sebagai fungsi jarak dan biaya transportasi.Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan intensitas pemanfaatan lahan sawah, tegalan pada berbagai jarang dari pemukiman dan ketinggian. Dalam kaitannya dengan faktor ketinggian terdapat perbedaan dari segi jenis pemanfaatan lahan di sekitar pemukiman. Sedangkan dari segi jarak lokasi lahan pertanian, diperoleh gambaran bahwa semakin jauh jarang lokasi lahan pertanian yang kemudian membentuk titik lokasi jual beli antar petani dan pembeli nilai keuntungan petani semakin berkurang."

"Akhir-akhir ini luas lahan pertanian terus berkurang karena telah dialih fungsikan untuk keperluan lain. kajian ini menganalisis alih-fungsi lahan di Jogjakarta menggunakan model dinamis...."