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"Industrial property is is being used by an increasing number ofdeveloping countries as an important tool of technological andeconomic development. Developing countries have also been madeaware that it is in their best interest to establish national industrialproperty systems. Indonesia as a signatory member of the Agreementon Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) ofthe World Trade Organization (WTO), Indonesia has enacted Law No.31 of 2000 concerning Industrial Design on 20 December 2000. Sincethe enactment of Law No. 31 of 2000 several cases have occurred andbeen brought before the Commercial Court involving the cancellationof lawsuits with regard to issues of the lack of ?novelty? of an industrialdesign which have already been granted to other people. There areseveral weak aspects of Law No. 31 of 2000 which in practice cancreate legal uncertainty and may potentially cause a barrier towardsthe effectiveness of the implementation of Law No. 31 of 2000."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai Analisis Yuridis Penerapan Pasal 2.1 Agreement On Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) Terhadap Pelaksanaan Persyaratan Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (TKDN) Dalam Sektor Minyak dan Gas Bumi Di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (TKDN) yang dipersyaratkan dalam sektor Minyak dan Gas Bumi sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 15 Tahun 2013 tentang Penggunaan Produk Dalam Negeri Pada Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi merupakan bagian dari belanja Pemerintah Indonesia berdasarkan justifikasi cost recovery sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri ESDM No.12 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 08 Tahun 2017 tentang Jumlah Kontrak Bagi Hasil, sehingga ketentuan Pasal III GATT 1994 sebagai salah satu rujukan dalam Pasal 2.1 Agreement On Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) dapat dikesampingkan dan gugur berdasarkan ketentuan yang diatur dalam Pasal III. 8 GATT 1994. Oleh sebab itu kebijakan TKDN dalam sektor minyak dan gas bumi dapat dimaksimalkan guna memajukan perekonomian dan menyejahterakan Bangsa Indonesia.

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This thesis discusses the Juridical Analysis of the Application of Article 2.1 Agreement On Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS) on the Implementation of Domestic Component Level Requirements (TKDN) in the Oil and Gas Sector in Indonesia. This research is juridical normative. The results of this study conclude that the provisions of the Domestic Component Level (TKDN) required in the Oil and Gas sector as stated in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 15 of 2013 concerning the Use of Domestic Products in Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities is part of the Indonesian Government's expenditure based on cost recovery justification as stated in the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 12 of 2020 concerning the Third Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number 08 of 2017 concerning the Number of Production Sharing Contracts, so that the provisions of Article III of the GATT 1994 as one of the references in Article 2.1Agreement On Trade-Related Investment Measures(TRIMS) can be waived and invalidated based on the provisions stipulated in Article III. 8 GATT 1994. Therefore, the TKDN policy in the oil and gas sector can be maximized in order to advance the economy and prosper the Indonesian nation.

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"Tesis ini membahas mengenai analisa ketentuan Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (TKDN) yang dipersyaratkan atas alat dan/atau perangkat telekomunikasi berbasis standar teknologi Long Term Evolution (LTE) ditinjau dari ketentuanketentuan yang diatur dalam Agreement On Trade-Related Investment Measures (Perjanjian TRIMs). Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dan preskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (TKDN) yang dipersyaratkan atas alat dan/atau perangkat telekomunikasi berbasis standar teknologi Long Term Evolution (LTE) tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan Agreement On Trade-Related Investment Measures (Perjanjian TRIMs) dan karenanya harus dilakukan langkah-langkah penyesuaian oleh pemerintah Indonesia agar Indonesia tidak melanggar kewajibannya sebagai negara anggota World Trade Organization.

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This thesis discusses the analysis of Local Content Requirements (LCR) which is required for any telecommunication devices and/or equipments with standardsbased technology Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its relation with the provisions stipulated in the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs Agreement). Research conducted in this thesis is a normative and prescriptive study.

The research concluded that Local Content Requirements (LCR) which is required for any telecommunication devices and/or equipments with standardsbased technology Long Term Evolution (LTE) is inconsistent with the provisions of TRIMs Agreement and therefore there should be steps taken by the government of Indonesia to bring these measures into conformity with TRIMs Agreement which will eliminate the inconsistency with Indonesia?s obligations under the TRIMs Agreement as a member state of World Trade Organization."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai analisis ketentuan persyaratan muatan lokal untuk industri kendaraan listrik dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 55 Tahun 2019 Tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai untuk Transportasi Jalan ditinjau dari kesesuaiannya dengan peraturan-peraturan dalam General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) dan Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (Perjanjian TRIMs). Penelitian dalam skripsi ini bersifat yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan persyaratan muatan lokal dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 55 Tahun 2019 Tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai untuk Transportasi Jalan tidak sesuai dengan peraturan GATT dan Perjanjian TRIMs. Pasal 17 menyatakan bahwa perusahaan-perusahaan yang memenuhi ketentuan persyaratan Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri (TKDN) sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 8 dapat menerima insentif fiskal dan nonfiskal dari pemerintah. Hal ini melanggar ketentuan-ketentuan dalam perjanjian TRIMs dan juga Pasal III:2 dan Pasal III:4 GATT. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Indonesia harus melakukan penyesuaian atas peraturan persyaratan muatan lokal untuk kendaraan listrik dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 55 Tahun 2019 agar Indonesia tidak melanggar kewajibannya sebagai negara anggota World Trade Organization (WTO).

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This undergraduate thesis discusses the analysis of local content requirements for the electric vehicle industry in Presidential Regulation Number 55 Year 2019 regarding the Acceleration of Battery-Based Electric Vehicles Program for Road Transportation in terms of its compliance with the regulations in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs Agreement). The research in this undergraduate thesis is juridical normative. The results of this research conclude that the provisions of local content requirements in Presidential Regulation Number 55 Year 2019 Regarding Acceleration of Battery-Based Electric Vehicles Program for Road Transportation are not in accordance with the regulations of the GATT and the TRIMs Agreement. Article 17 states that companies that meet the requirements of Local Content Value (TKDN) as mentioned in Article 8 can receive fiscal and non-fiscal incentives from the government. This is inconsistent with the provisions of the TRIMs agreement as well as Article III:2 and Article III:4 of the GATT. Therefore, the Indonesian government must make adjustments to the local content requirements for electric vehicles in Presidential Regulation Number 55 Year 2019 so that it is more consistent with its obligations as a member country of the World Trade Organization (WTO). "