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Abstrak :
Kebijakan afirmatif dan nomor urut merupakan bentuk upaya kesetaraan gender bagi kaum perempuan untuk bisa menjadi anggota legislatif di Indonesia. Rendahnya keterwakilan perempuan di Indonesia tidak sebanding dengan jumlah pemilih perempuan Indonesia yang mencapai 50 persen dari pemilih laki-laki pada tahun 2014. Pada pemilu tahun 2014 jumlah calon anggota DPR RI perempuan yang mendaftar untuk menjadi anggota DPR RI meningkat, namun anggota DPR RI perempuan yang terpilih di tahun 2014 justru menurun dari 18 persen di tahun 2009 menjadi 17,32 persen di tahun 2014. Penurunan keterwakilan perempuan di DPR RI disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor baik dari pelaksana kebijakan afirmatif dan nomor urut maupun dari budaya yang melekat di masyarakat. Kebijakan afirmatif dan nomor urut telah diterapkan secara optimal oleh partai politik peserta pemilu legislatif 2014. Namun kebijakan afirmatif dan nomor urut belum efektif dapat meningkatkan keterwakilan perempuan, hal ini karena kebijakan afirmatif dan nomor urut hanya salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan keterpilihan perempuan di DPR RI. Oleh karena itu dalam mencapai tujuan kesetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan di DPR RI diperlukan sinergi yang lebih optimal dari partai politik dengan bentuk perbaikan sistem rekrutmen dan kaderisasi. ......Affirmative and serial number policy is a form of gender equality for women to become legislative members in Indonesia. The low representation of women in Indonesia is not comparable with the number of female Indonesian voters who reach 50 percent of male voters in 2014. In the 2014 election the number of candidates for DPR RI women who register to become members of the House of Representatives increased, but members of the House of Representatives of women Elected in 2014 actually decreased from 18 percent in 2009 to 17.32 percent in 2014. Decreased representation of women in the House of Representatives is caused by various factors both from executing affirmative policies and serial numbers as well as from culture inherent in the community. Affirmative and sequential number policies have been applied optimally by political parties participating in the 2014 legislative elections. However, affirmative and sequential numbers have not been effective in increasing women 39 s representation, as affirmative and serial numbering is only one of efforts to improve women 39 s election in DPR RI. Therefore, in achieving the objectives of equality between men and women in the House of Representatives is required a more optimal synergy of political parties with a form of improvement of recruitment and regeneration system.

Abstrak :
Merujuk hasil Convention on the Right of Person with Disability, Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menerapkan kebijakan afirmatif bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam bidang ketenagakerjaan, melalui pemberlakuan sistem kuota. Namun demikian kinerja kebijakaan afirmatif ini belum menunjukan hasil yang menggembirakan. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan adanya masalah dalam implementasinya. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengenali variable-variabel yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan afirmatif tersebut. Adapun lokus penelitian ini adalah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta (DKI Jakarta). Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui telaah dokumen dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 13 orang narasumber kunci yang berasal dari penyandang disabiliitas, apparat pemerintah, dan stakeholder lainnya. Data penelitian kemudian diolah berdasarkan prosedur analisis kualitatif. Adapun temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa implementasi kebijakan afirmatif bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam bidang ketenagakerjaan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Indonesia belum efektif. Tingkat implementability kebijakan afirmatif tersebut dipengaruhi oleh sejumlah faktor yang sebagian dapat dijelaskan berdasarkan konsep grindle. Di luar konsep grindle, ditemukan bahwa faktor budaya, basis data, penegakan hukum dan kepatuhan terhadap hukum adalah faktor-faktor penting yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan afirmatif tersebut. ...... Referring to the results of the Convention on the Right of Persons with Disability, the Government of Indonesia then implemented an affirmative policy for persons with disabilities in the field of employment, through the implementation of a quota system. However, the performance of this affirmative policy has not shown encouraging results. This indicates a problem in its implementation. This study aims to recognize the variables that influence the implementation of the affirmative policy. The locus of this research is the Special Capital Province of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta). Research data were collected through document review and in-depth interviews with 13 key informants from persons with disabilities, government officials, and other stakeholders. The research data is then processed based on a qualitative analysis procedure. The findings of this study are that the implementation of affirmative policies for persons with disabilities in the field of employment in DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia has not been effective. The level of implementation of affirmative policies is influenced by a number of factors which can be partly explained based on the grindle concept. Beyond the grindle concept, it was found that cultural factors, databases, law enforcement and compliance with the law are important factors that influence the implementation of the affirmative policies.

Abstrak :
Disertasi ini merupakan deskripsi, analisis dan interpretasi atas data dan pendataan perdesaan pasca lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penulis mengusulkan tujuh tujuan penelitian saat ini. Pertama mengungkap kualitas data perdesaan, berupa data birokrat dan data warga yang menjadi basis data kebijakan publik. Kedua, mengungkap kekerasan simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan top down yang berpedoman pada norma yuridis melalui rekonstruksi genesis data birokrat. Ketiga, mendeskripsikan afirmasi simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan bottom up yang berpedoman pada norma sosiologis melalui rekonstruksi genesis data warga. Keempat, memetakan arena dan aktor pada pendataan perdesaan top down dan bottom up, serta relasinya dengan meta kapital perdesaan. Kelima, mengungkap kekerasan simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan top down yang mereproduksi kebijakan rekolonialisasi Keenam, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis afirmasi simbolik pada pendataan perdesaan bottom up memproduksi kebijakan afirmatif. Ketujuh, menginterpretasikan kebijakan afirmatif sebagai implementasi amanat konstitusi untuk mencapai lima aspek kesejahteraan rakyat. Area studi: Desa Sibandang, Desa Pantai Bakti dan Desa Tegalallang. Penelitian menggunakan Mixed Methods Research (MMR) dengan Nesting Quantitative Data in Qualitative Designs. Data kualitatif diperoleh melalui in-depth interview dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD, diskusi terpumpun). Data kuantitatif dari Kementerian Dalam Negeri dan dari Badan Pusat Statistik, serta data mandiri dari praktik pendataan perdesaan bottom up. Pisau analisisnya menggunakan konsepkonsep Pierre Bourdieu dan Nick Couldry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan rekolonialisasi dan 'the vicious circle' kebijakan rekolonialisasi yang mengonfirmasi terbuktinya hipotesis, yaitu: semakin kuat doxa kekerasan simbolik pada norma yuridis pendataan, semakin kuat pseudo data, semakin kuat pseudo kebijakan publik; semakin kuat pseudo kebijakan publik, semakin kuat pseudo otoritas, semakin buruk perencanaan, pemrograman, penganggaran, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan pengawasan kebijakan publik, semakin buruk pencapaian lima aspek kesejahteraan rakyat; semakin buruk pencapaian lima aspek kesejahteraan rakyat, perdesaan semakin termarginalkan; semakin kuat doxa kekerasan simbolik norma yuridis mereproduksi pseudo data, semakin berkesinambungan kekerasan simbolik; dan semakin berkesinambungan kekerasan simbolik, semakin dibutuhkan heteredoxa afirmasi simbolik, yang digambarkan dengan antitesa 'the truth circle' kebijakan afirmatif. Sintesa yang diusulkan dari disertasi ini adalah bagaimana membangun sistemik kebijakan publik berdasarkan pendataan desa berbasis pembangunan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, sehingga memungkinkan lebih banyak ruang untuk komunikasi dan partisipasi penduduk desa. ......This dissertation describes, analyzes, and interprets big data within village data collection, following the ratification of Law of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 6 of 2014, concerning Village. The author proposes seven aims of current research. First, to unveil the quality of village data collection composed of bureaucratic data and villagers' data, which serves as the foundation of current public policy. Second, to reveal the symbolic violence found in the top-down model of village data collection, which refers dominantly to the juridical norms, by performing a bureaucratic data genesis reconstruction process. Third, to describe the symbolic affirmation of the bottom-up model of village data collection, which refers to sociological norms, by performing villagers' data genesis reconstruction process. Fourth, to design a map of the arena and actors involved in both models of village data collection, top-down and bottom-up, by relating them with a metacapital of the Village. Fifth, to expose the symbolic violence found in the top-down model of village data collection, which reproduces recolonization policy. Sixth, to describe and analyze the symbolic affirmation of the bottom-up model of village data collection, which produces affirmative policy. Seventh, to interpret the affirmative policy perceived as the implementation of the Constitutional mandate to finally achieve five dimensions of people's welfare. The research area comprises three distinct villages: Sibandang village in North Sumatera, Pantai Bakti village in West Java, and Tegallalang village in Bali. The author employs Mixed Methods Research (MMR) with Nesting Quantitative Data in Qualitative Designs. Qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Quantitative data was obtained from The Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), supporting data from the researcher's independent enterprise and the bottom-up village data collection practices. The data was analyzed using conceptual tools from Pierre Bourdieu and Nick Couldry. The research findings show that recolonization policy and the vicious circle of derivative rules confirm the following hypotheses: the stronger symbolic violence doxa on the juridical norms of village data collection, the stronger pseudo data becomes and the stronger grips of pseudo-public policy; the stronger pseudo-public policy exists, the stronger pseudo authority exercises power, the worse planning, programming, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and surveillance of public policy becomes, and the further to achieve the five dimensions of people's welfare; the worse achievement of the five dimensions of people's welfare, the more marginalized villages become; the stronger symbolic violence doxa on the juridical norms reproduces pseudo data, the more sustainable symbolic violence becomes; and the more sustainable of symbolic violence, the more heteredoxa of symbolic affirmation needed—portrayed as the antithesis of 'the truth circle' of affirmative policy. The synthesis proposed from this dissertation would be how to build the systemic public policies based on the constructed version of science and technology's village data collection, allowing more space for villagers' communication and participation.