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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Agen (patogen) yang ditemukan di nila tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) adalah umumnya disebabkan oleh bakteri Gram-negatif bernama Aeromonas hydrophila dan Grampositive Bakteri bernama Streptococcus agalactiae, keduanya menyebabkan penyakit wabah. Kedua jenis bakteri tersebut adalah penyebab penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) dan Streptococcosis yang dapat menyebabkan kematian tinggi dan menurun kualitas produk perikanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji imunogenik potensi kemanjuran vaksin polivalen dari S. agalactiae dan A. hydrophila secara oral aplikasi melalui pakan pada budidaya nila nila, O. niloticus. Dua tahap ini penelitian dirancang untuk membantu membuat keputusan. Yang pertama, menganalisis kekebalan tubuh respons terhadap campuran A.hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) dan S.agalactiae (non-hemolitik dan sel-sel antigen hemolitik) sebagai ukuran keberhasilan vaksinasi nil nila dengan vaksin polyvalent. Analisis respons imun pada bakterisida serum aktivitas dapat digunakan sebagai komponen untuk melihat viabilitas patogen dalam inang yang ditunjukkan oleh titer antibodi nila nila. Yang kedua, menganalisis persentase kelangsungan hidup relatif (RPS) nilai pasca-vaksinasi dengan antigen campuran dari A. hydrophila dan S. Bakteri agalactiae untuk melihat keawetan nila tilapia pada MAS dan Streptococcosis penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan titer antibodi kelompok vaksinasi pada minggu pertama sampai minggu kelima secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari kontrol (P <0,05) setelah ditantang dengan S. agalactiae (non-hemolitik), sedangkan nilai-nilai RPS vaksin adalah pengobatan polivalen B dan pengobatan C campuran seluruh sel S. agalactiae (non-hemolitik dan hemolitik) dan A. hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) mencapai lebih rendah daripada nilai referensi RPS (> 50%) dalam uji tantangan infeksi tunggal.

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ABSTRACT
The agent (pathogen) found in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) is commonly caused by Gram-negative bacteria called Aeromonas hydrophila and Grampositive Bacteria called Streptococcus agalactiae, both of which cause plague. Both types of bacteria are the cause of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) and Streptococcosis which can cause high mortality and decrease the quality of fishery products. The purpose of this study was to examine the immunogenic potential efficacy of polyvalent vaccines from S. agalactiae and A. hydrophila orally by application through feed in the cultivation of tilapia, O. niloticus. These two stages of research are designed to help make decisions. The first is analyzing the body's response to a mixture of A.hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) and S.agalactiae (non-hemolytic and hemolytic antigen cells) as a measure of the success of tilapia vaccination with a polyvalent vaccine. Analysis of immune responses to serum bactericidal activity can be used as a component to see the viability of pathogens in the host shown by tilapia tilapia antibodies. Second, analyze the percentage of relative survival (RPS) of post-vaccination values ​​with mixed antigens from A. hydrophila and S. Bacterial agalactiae to see the durability of tilapia in MAS and Streptococcosis. The results showed the vaccination group antibody titers in the first week to the fifth week were significantly higher than controls (P <0.05) after being challenged with S. agalactiae (non-hemolytic), while the RPS vaccine values ​​were polyvalent B treatment and treatment C mixture of all S. agalactiae cells (non-hemolytic and hemolytic) and A. hydrophila (AHL 0905-2) reached lower than the RPS reference value (> 50%) in a single infection challenge test

Abstrak :
This research evaluated a method involving provision of a concoction of Boesenbergia pandurata, Solanum ferox dan Zingimber zerumbet extracts for pathogen prevention in tilapia. The concentration of each extract was 600 ppm of Boesenbergia pandurata/BP, 900 ppm of Solanum ferox/SF and 200 ppm of Zingimber zerumbet/ZZ. The examination was performed by issuing two combinations of extracts (SF:BP, SF:ZZ) against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens (105 CFUmL-1). Preventive trials were carried out by providing a concoction of extracts through intraperitoneal injection (0.1 mL/fish) in tilapia (15±2 g) and the immersion method was performed by bathing the fish in the extracts for 20 minutes, with pathogen challenging during the following 24 h being carried out. The composition of the used extract was by SF60:ZZ40; SF50:ZZ50; BP90:SF10; BP50:SF50; and fish without being given the extract. Haematology and immunology parameters were observed at the 4th week after challanges with pathogenic bacteria. The number of white blood cells (WBCs) increased significantly (P <0.05) compared to controls without extract, with a similar increase observed for red blood cell (RBCs), but heamatocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values did not significantly increase compared to control. Phagocytic index, respiratory burst and lysozyme activities also experienced a significant increase in fish fed with combined extracts compared to controls. The numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the body of the fish given extract were also lower than the control and significantly different at the 4th week. The results of this study indicate that giving combined extracts of SF50:ZZ50 and BP90:SF10 provides the best protection (RPS) against infection of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescent by injection of 100%. This study indicates that providing combined extracts by injection and immersion in the ratio of SF50:ZZ50 has a positive effect in increasing the non-specific immune system of tilapia and increasing protection against bacterial infections.

Abstrak :
Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex. Hensch. telah banyak digunakan pada pengobatan tradisional di China untuk mengobati batuk, laringitis, hepatitis, enteritis, hipertensi dan faringitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ekstrak, fraksi dan isolat E. dulcis yang aktif terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara bertingkat (heksana, etil asetat dan metanol) dengan menggunakan metode Ultrasonic Assissted Extraction (UAE). Aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap bakteri penyebab penyakin ikan diantaranya Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas Salmonicida dan Streptococcus agalactiae. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH. Ekstrak dan fraksi yang aktif di fraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom dan selanjutnya diuji aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri. Isolat yang aktif diidentifikasi dengan LCMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan HMBC. Hasil uji aktivitas ekstrak menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat memiliki aktivitas paling bagus untuk antioksidan dan antibakteri dilanjutkan dengan ekstrak heksana dan metanol. Fraksinasi ekstrak heksana menghasilkan 6 fraksi dan etil asetat 8 fraksi. Fraksi EA1 menghasilkan isolat yang diidentifikasi sebagai stigmasterol. Uji antioksidan isolat tidak menunjukkan aktivitas. Uji aktivitas antibakteri, isolat memiliki aktivitas bakterisida pada konsentrasi 62,5 ppm terhadap bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila, bakteri Aeromonas salmonicida pada konsentrasi 125 ppm dan bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae pada konsentrasi 31,25 ppm. Kontrol positif kloramfenikol pada konsentrasi 30 ppm juga menunjukkan tidak adanya pertumbuhan bakteri. Hasil pengujian antibakteri dan antioksidan tanaman E. dulcis terdapat senyawa aktif yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai antiobiotik untuk bakteri penyebab penyakit ikan. Ekstrak dan fraksi dari tanaman E. dulcis lebih baik dikembangkan sebagai agen antioksidan. ......Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. Ex. Hensch has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat coughs, laryngitis, hepatitis, enteritis, hypertension, and pharyngitis. This study aims to identify extracts, fractions, and isolates of E.dulcis, which are active in antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Extraction was carried out gradually with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. Antibacterial activity was tested against bacteria that cause fish disease, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas Salmonicida, and Streptococcus agalactiae. An antioxidant activity test was carried out using the DPPH method. The active extracts and fractions were fractionated by column chromatography and then tested for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. LCMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HMBC identified active isolates. The results of the extract activity test showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the best antioxidant and antibacterial activity, followed by the hexane and methanol extracts. Fractionation of hexane extract yielded six fractions and eight fractions for ethyl acetate. The EA1 fraction produced an isolate that was identified as stigmasterol. The isolate tested using the DPPH method shows that it does not have activity as an antioxidant. Antibacterial activity test, isolates had bactericidal activity at a concentration of 62.5 ppm against Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, Aeromonas salmonicida bacteria at a concentration of 125 ppm, and Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria at a concentration of 31.25 ppm. The positive control, chloramphenicol, showed no bacterial growth at 30 ppm. The results of the antibacterial and antioxidant testing of the E.dulcis plant can be concluded that an active isolate can be further developed as an antibiotic for bacteria that cause fish disease. Extracts and fractions from E. dulcis plants are better developed as antioxidant agents.