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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menguji apakah perusahaan pengakuisisi yang bersifat publik di Indonesia menggunakan asumsi trade-off theory dengan memiliki target leverage dan melakukan penyesuaian leverage ke level optimum. Metode pendekatan dalam analisis menggunakan peristiwa Merger dan Akuisisi (M&A). Sampel penelitian meliputi data perusahaan publik nonkeuangan di Indonesia periode tahun 2000 hingga 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa M&A memicu perubahan pada rasio leverage perusahaan, tetapi sebagian besar perusahaan pengakuisisi di Indonesia tidak memiliki target leverage setelah melakukan pengumuman M&A. Hanya sekitar 16% dari perusahaan sampel yang memiliki leverage meningkat setahun sebelum M&A dan 23% dari perusahaan sampel yang memiliki leverage menurun setahun sebelum M&A yang melakukan penyesuaian leverage ke level optimum secara konsisten dalam dua tahun setelah M&A. Penyesuaian leverage ke titik optimum juga tidak menunjukkan kecepatan yang signifikan. Transaksi M&A tidak berpengaruh secara efektif dalam membantu perusahaan publik Indonesia untuk mencapai target leverage. Oleh sebab itu, hasil penelitian ini tidak membuktikan bahwa perusahaan publik di Indonesia mendukung asumsi trade-off theory ketika melakukan M&A. ...... This study examines whether public acquiring firms in Indonesia follow trade-off theory by having leverage targets and performing leverage adjustments to the optimum level. The approach used in this study is Merger and Acquisitions (M&As). The data sample includes financial data of publicly traded non-financial firms in Indonesia between 2000 and 2019. The results show that M&A events trigger changes in firms leverage ratios, but majority of Indonesian acquiring firms do not have leverage targets after M&A announcements. There are only about 16% of sample firms with increasing leverage in a year before M&A and about 23% of sample firms with decreasing leverage in a year before M&A that continuously perform leverage adjustments to optimum levels within two years after M&A. Leverage adjustments to optimum levels also do not occur at significant speeds. M&A transactions do not effectively affect Indonesian public firms in reaching leverage targets. Hence the results do not show that public firms in Indonesia is in line with the notion under trade-off theory when conducting M&As.

Abstrak :
We investigate financial structure institutional determinants of firms listed on the MENA region, and we analyze the indirect role played by institutions on the speed of adjustment. We consider a sample of 506 non-financial firms from 12 MENA countries listed on the stock exchange between 2006 and 2014. We find that the effects of firm profitability, non-debt tax savings and growth opportunities on leverage are strengthened in the context of good quality institutions. In the contrast, the effects of firm size and returns volatility are reduced. Regarding the adjustment speed, we find that the financial market development and the good quality of institutions tend to reinforce the effects of firm profitability and distance from the target. However, they moderate the influence of firm returns volatility, growth opportunities, non-debt tax savings, and asset tangibility on the adjustment process. We also note that political stability plays an indirect role to control bankruptcy costs and information asymmetries. Our results have important implications since they can interest firm executives and investors in MENA countries, and more generally in developing countries. They may provide answers to questions about the role played by institutions in the adjusting process to the target debt ratio.