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"Inleiding Indien er een wetenschap is waarbij zich in elk stadium van Naar ontwikkeling nieuwe problemen voordoen, dan is het de Grondmechanica. Voor een deel is dit toe te schrijven aan de omstandigheid dat de Grondmechanica een nog jonge wetenschap is, zodat vele theorian snel verouderen en door betere vervangen worden, terwijl oak de onderzoekingsmethoden voor velerlei verbetering vatbaar zijn. Anderdeels blijkt in de Grondmechanica steeds duidelijker, dat de problemen veel gecompliceerder zijn dan de eerste kennismaking zou doen verrnoeden. Men heeft hier imtners te maken met grand, die te alien tijde ten minste uit twee en gewoonlijk uit drie phasen bestaat een vaste phase ("korrels") een vioeibare phase met de daarin opgeloste stoffen (?water") en een gasvormig bpstanddeel (? lucht"). De eerste en grote stap in de goede richting werd gedaan, toen men de in een grondmassa werkende korrel-, water-, en luchtspanningen scherp van elkaar ging onderscheiden. Bij kleimineralen hebben we bovendien nog te maken met het zogenaamde gebonden waterhuidje, een electrische dubbellaag. Een deel hiervan gedraagt zich min of nicer als de vaste phase en kan bijvoorbeeld schuifkrachten overbrengen. Het .buitenste gedeelte moet echter weer tot de vloeibare phase warden gerekend, welke geen schuifkrachten kan opnemen. Hiertussen kunnen alle mogelijke overgangsvormen aanwezig zijn. Het is deze electrische dubbellaag waaraan de meeste specifieke kleieigenschappen kunnen warden toegeschreven. Door deze gecompliceerdheid van de grondmassa wordt het moeilijk haar uiteindelijk gedrag te bepalen, daar dit gedrag de resultante is van de zeer vele reacties die mogelijk zijn tussen de minerale deeltjes, het water (vrij, geheel of gedeeltelijk gebonden) en de lucht, ongeacht nog de niet constante invloeden van buiten af. Wat eenvoudig scheen. blijkt steeds moei]ijker te doorgronden. Dit geldt zeer in het bijzonder voor kleimassa's. daar hier de tijdsfactor van zo groat gewicht is. Hierbij zullen bij proeven en metingen in snel tempo uitgevoerd, slechts schijnbare grootheden gieextraheerd worden."

"Penyambungan adhesive dewasa ini semakin banyak digunakan, mulai dari industri pesawat udara sampai pada penggunaan di rumah tangga. Hal ini disebabkan oleh keunggulan-keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh penyambungan adhesive tersebut. Namun, pada pemakaiannya sering diperoleh hasil yang kurang memuaskan. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan sifat-sifa! hasil sambungan adhesive. Di antara faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan sifat-sifat yang kurang balk pada sambungan adalah: ketidaktepatan pemilihan bahan adhesive, ketebalan lapisan adhesive, temperatur curing, waktu curing, panjang overlap, dan persiapan permukaan bahan yang akan disambung. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini, penulis mencoba meneliti adhesive paduan-epoxy, sebagai bahan adhesive untuk menyambung lembaran baja karbon rendah SPCC-SD dan pengaruh panjang overlap serta waktu curing terhadap kekuatan tank-geser dan kelupas sambungan adhesive. Yang kemudian dilanjutkan pada analisa makro hasil pengujian tarik-geser dan kelupas tersebut. Hasil penelrtian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan panjang overlap dan waktu curing cenderung meningkatkan kekuatan sambungan adhesive."

"[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekasaran, proses phosphating, serta ketebalan adhesive bonding terhadap ketahanan delaminasi komposit laminat. Variasi kekasaran substrat, yaitu pada rentang 5-8 μm dan 10-13 μm, variasi terhadap proses phosphating, yaitu ada yang melalui proses phosphating dan ada yang tidak, serta variasi ketebalan adhesive baik primer ataupun topcoat dengan rentang 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, serta 11-15 μm. Pembentukan komposit laminat ini dilakukan melalui proses transfer moulding pada suhu 160 C selama 450 detik. Komposit laminat yang sudah terbentuk kemudian diuji peel-off untuk mengetahui kekuatan delaminasinya lalu dikarakterisasi dengan SEM-EDX. Hasil menunjukan bahwa kekasaran permukaan, lapisan zinc phosphate, serta ketebalan adhesive bonding mempengaruhi ketahanan delaminasi komposit laminat yang diinterpretasikan dengan kekuatan ikat antarlapisan dan visual delaminasi. Kekasaran optimum terjadi pada rentang 10-13 μm dengan kekuatan ikat 179,68 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 35%. Adanya lapisan zinc phosphate memberikan nilai kekuatan ikat optimum sebesar 157,38 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 50%. Ketebalan adhesive primer optimum terjadi pada rentang 1-5 μm dengan kekuatan ikat 163,35 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 50%. Ketebalan adhesive topcoat optimum terjadi pada rentang 6-10 μm dengan kekuatan ikat sebesar 154,65 N dan visual delaminasi R-R sebanyak 41,6%.;This study aims to determine the effect of roughness, phosphating process, and the thickness of the adhesive bonding into delamination resistance of laminate composite. Variation of the substrate roughness are 5-8 μm and 10-13 μm. Some substrates are coated by zinc phosphate and other substrate are uncoated. Variations of the thickness of adhesive primer and adhesive topcoat are in a range of 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, and 11-15 μm. The process of forming the laminate composite occurs through transfer molding process at 1600C in 450 seconds. Laminate composite that has been formed then tested by peel-off test to determine the strength of delamination. Visual of delamination was characterized by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum surface roughness occurs in the range of 10-13 μm with bonding strength 179.68 N and 35% of R-R visual. The coated substrate has a higher bonding strength compared to uncoated substrate, which is 157.38 N and 50% of R-R visual. The optimum thickness of adhesive primer occurs in the range of 1-5 μm with bonding strength is 163.35 N and 50% of R-R visual. While the optimum thickness of adhesive topcoat occurs in the range of 6-10 μm with a bonding strength is 154.65 N and 41,6% of R-R visual;This study aims to determine the effect of roughness, phosphating process, and the thickness of the adhesive bonding into delamination resistance of laminate composite. Variation of the substrate roughness are 5-8 μm and 10-13 μm. Some substrates are coated by zinc phosphate and other substrate are uncoated. Variations of the thickness of adhesive primer and adhesive topcoat are in a range of 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, and 11-15 μm. The process of forming the laminate composite occurs through transfer molding process at 1600C in 450 seconds. Laminate composite that has been formed then tested by peel-off test to determine the strength of delamination. Visual of delamination was characterized by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum surface roughness occurs in the range of 10-13 μm with bonding strength 179.68 N and 35% of R-R visual. The coated substrate has a higher bonding strength compared to uncoated substrate, which is 157.38 N and 50% of R-R visual. The optimum thickness of adhesive primer occurs in the range of 1-5 μm with bonding strength is 163.35 N and 50% of R-R visual. While the optimum thickness of adhesive topcoat occurs in the range of 6-10 μm with a bonding strength is 154.65 N and 41,6% of R-R visual, This study aims to determine the effect of roughness, phosphating process, and the thickness of the adhesive bonding into delamination resistance of laminate composite. Variation of the substrate roughness are 5-8 μm and 10-13 μm. Some substrates are coated by zinc phosphate and other substrate are uncoated. Variations of the thickness of adhesive primer and adhesive topcoat are in a range of 1-5 μm, 6-10 μm, and 11-15 μm. The process of forming the laminate composite occurs through transfer molding process at 1600C in 450 seconds. Laminate composite that has been formed then tested by peel-off test to determine the strength of delamination. Visual of delamination was characterized by SEM-EDX. The results showed that the optimum surface roughness occurs in the range of 10-13 μm with bonding strength 179.68 N and 35% of R-R visual. The coated substrate has a higher bonding strength compared to uncoated substrate, which is 157.38 N and 50% of R-R visual. The optimum thickness of adhesive primer occurs in the range of 1-5 μm with bonding strength is 163.35 N and 50% of R-R visual. While the optimum thickness of adhesive topcoat occurs in the range of 6-10 μm with a bonding strength is 154.65 N and 41,6% of R-R visual]"

"ABSTRAKPemanfaatan limbah industri biodiesel di Indonesia masih terbatas karena nilai ekonomi dari limbah gliserol yang rendah dan membutuhkan proses purifikasi. Pada penelitian ini limbah gliserol (crude gliserol) dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan poliuretan adhesive. Gliserol direaksikan dengan phthalic anhydride dan asam oleat untuk menjadi poliol. Poliol yang didapat kemudian disintesis menjadi poliuretan adhesive dengan mereaksikan nya dengan isosianat Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (PMDI). Crude gliserol divariasikan dengan gliserin teknis untuk mendapatkan lima variasi konsentrasi poliol. Uji lap- shear strength dan tensile test dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat uji mekanik yang telah dirancang oleh penulis untuk untuk melihat apakah performa poliuretan adhesive cukup bagus sehingga dapat mendekati performa poliuretan adhesive komersil. Hasil yang didapatkan, semakin tinggi konsentrasi gliserin teknis yang digunakan, kekuatan mekanik yang dihasilkan semakin besar. Waktu curing yang optimal terjadi pada waktu tiga hari. PU-2, PU-3, PU-4 dan PU-5 mampu mengungguli performa PU adhesive komersil dari segi kekuatan tarik. Perlakuan pemberian asam&basa dilakukan untuk melihat chemical resistance dari adhesive. Hasil yang didapatkan kekuatan mekanik adhesive mengalami penurunan setelah pemberian asam&basa dilakukan. Pada perlakuan basa, kekuatan mekanik adhesive yang dihasilkan lebih rendah dibandingkan pada perlakuan pemberian asam.

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ABSTRACTLow market price of crude glycerol in Indonesia is caused by low utilization of biodiesel industrial waste because it needs a purification process. The research will use crude glycerol, oleic acid, and phthalic anhydride to make a polyol. The polyol is used for making polyurethane adhesive by reacting it with Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (PMDI). In this research, crude glycerol is varied with glycerin tech to produce five variations of polyol. Lap shear-strength and tensile test is done to test the mechanical strength of polyurethane wood adhesive whether it could give the excellent adhesion, hence it could approach the performance of commercial polyurethane adhesive. The result tells us PU-5 adhesive gives the highest mechanical strength. The optimum curing time occurs in day 3. PU-2, PU-3, PU-4 and PU-5 able to surpass the mechanical strength of commercial PU adhesive in tensile strength form. Adhesive system is immersed in acid and base solution to test the chemical resistance of adhesive. After acid and base treatment, the mechanical strength of adhesive was decreasing. In base treatment, the mechanical strength of adhesive is lower than in acid treatment."

"This 2nd edition is a complete revision with an update of the methods that have been investigated recently and that are now fully accepted by the adhesion community. Themes that are now treated in more detail include for example hybrid adhesives used for automotive applications, ecofriendly surface treatments, damage mechanics, joint durability prediction and functionally graded joints. There is also a new chapter related to the application of adhesives in the oil industry. Besides these content changes, there has been a complete revision of all chapters in terms of text, figures, tables and references for a more didactic character of this reference book.The Handbook of Adhesion Technology is intended to be the definitive reference in the field. Essential information is provided for all those concerned with adhesion, which is a phenomenon of interest in diverse scientific disciplines and of importance in a wide range of technologies. Therefore, this book includes the background science (physics, chemistry and materials science), engineering aspects and industry-specific applications. It is arranged in a user-friendly format with ten main sections: theory of adhesion, surface treatments, adhesive and sealant materials, testing of adhesive properties, joint design, durability, manufacture, quality control, applications and emerging areas. Each section contains about five chapters written by internationally renowned authors who are authorities in their fields.This book offers a quick, but authoritative, description of topics in the field of adhesion and the practical use of adhesives and sealants. Scientists and engineers of many different backgrounds who need to have an understanding of various aspects of adhesion technology will find it highly valuable. These will include those working in research or design, as well as others involved with marketing services. Graduate students in materials, processes and manufacturing will also want to consult it."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman denture adhesive cream terhadap kuat rekat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas. Krim pada plat akrilik direndam dalam akuades selama 15 detik, 30 detik, dan 60 detik, kemudian kuat rekat diukur dengan alat PASCO-Economy Force Sensor CI-6476. Uji analisis statistik menggunakan Anova one-way. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kuat rekat meningkat dengan p<0,05 pada perendaman selama 15 detik dan 30 detik, sedangkan kuat rekat menurun dengan p<0,05 pada perendaman selama 60 detik. Disimpulkan bahwa krim yang direndam dalam akuades lebih dari 30 detik tidak dapat meningkatkan kuat rekat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of immersion time of denture adhesive cream in distilled water to the acrylic resin's adhesive strength. Cream on acrylic plate was immersed in distilled water for 15 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds. Adhesive strength was measured by PASCO-Economy Force Sensor CI-6476. Statistic analysis using one-way ANOVA showed that adhesive strength were significantly increased after immersion in 15 seconds and 30 seconds, and significantly decreased after immersion in 60 seconds. It was concluded that denture adhesive cream couldn't increase the acrylic resin's adhesive strength after immersed more than 30 seconds."

"In order to review the structure and characteristic of pressure sensitive label (PSL), the examination of 32 PSL smples has been carried out. The results of visual examination show that PSL is a laminate, consist of label paper layering by adhesive and coated release-paper. The test results showed that the basis weight of PSL is 171.3 - 220.7 g/m2 with the caliper of 0.1680 - 0.2348 mm. The basis weight is correlated well with caliper anfa adhesiveness, but isit not with tensile strength, stretch, and tear strength. The ash content is at least 10 % which means that paper components of PSL contain onorganic filler."

"This book deals with the most recent numerical modeling of adhesive joints. Advances in damage mechanics and extended finite element method are described in the context of the finite element method with examples of application. The book also introduces the classical continuum mechanics and fracture mechanics approach and discusses the boundary element method and the finite difference method with indication of the cases they are most adapted to. At the moment there a no numerical technique that can solve any problem and the analyst needs to be aware of the limitations involved in each case."