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Ditemukan 6 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Erlina Burhan
"Background and objective: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem and the prevalence is high in many Asian countries.
Methods: A prospective observational study of the prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their antimicro-bial susceptibilities in patients with acute exacerba-tions of chronic bronchitis (AECB) was conducted in Indonesia, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan and Hong Kong from August 2006 to April 2008. The diagnosis of AECB was based on increased cough and worsening of two of following: dyspnoea, increased sputum volume or purulence. Patients who had taken antibiotics within 72 h of presentation were excluded. All bacterial strains were submitted to a central labo-ratory for re-identification and antimicrobial suscepti-bility testing to 16 antimicrobial agents according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Results: Four hundred and seven isolates were iden-tified among 447 patients of AECB. The most frequent organisms isolated were Klebsiella pneumoniae and associated species (n = 91 + 17), Haemophilus influen-zae (n = 71), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 63), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 32), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 22) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 21). According to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Insti-tute susceptibility breakpoints, 85.7% and >90% of these pathogens were susceptible to levofloxacin and cefepime respectively. Other options with overall lower susceptibilities include imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftri-axone and amoxicillin/clavulanate.
Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria including Kleb-siella spp., P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. consti-tute a large proportion of pathogens identified in patients with AECB in some Asian countries. Surveil-lance on the local prevalence and antibiotic resistance of these organisms is important in guiding appropriate choice of antimicrobials in the management of AECB."
Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, 2011
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Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Kubo, Norio
"PURPOSE: Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a progressive and irreversible fibrosis and can be fatal if acute exacerbation (AE) occurs. While a useful risk-scoring system has been established for lung surgery, no risk evaluation exists for AE of IP related to non-pulmonary surgery. The objective of this review is to describe the management for patients with IP.
METHODS: We experienced three hepatectomy cases with IP. The first was a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed IP with reticular shadow at the base of both lungs. After hepatectomy, his IP became acutely exacerbated and did not improve with steroid or sivelestat treatment. The second was a 74-year-old male patient diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, and the third was a 75-year-old male patient with liver metastasis. In both these cases, CT revealed a reticular shadow in the lung fields, with increased serum KL-6 levels. We administered pirfenidone for perioperative management, during which time no respiratory complications occurred.
RESULTS: Perioperative management with pirfenidone for hepatectomy accompanied by IP was successful in our cases.
CONCLUSION: We reviewed reports on the perioperative prevention, intraoperative risk factors, and treatment of postoperative AE of IP and summarized the perioperative management techniques for IP patients undergoing non-pulmonary surgery."
Tokyo: Springer, 2017
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Raiza Aulia Madani
"ABSTRAK
Edukasi berulang mengenai penggunaan obat inhalasi yang tepat dapat mengurangi tingkat kesalahan pasien dalam menggunakan obat inhalasi yang berpengaruh pada peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien PPOK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian edukasi berulang terhadap kualitas hidup pasien PPOK dari Februari 2020 sampai Juni 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental yang dilakukan secara prospektif di Rumah Sakit Grha Permata Ibu Depok. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 22 pasien diperiksa kualitas hidupnya dengan menggunakan kuesioner CAT (COPD Assessment Test). Kemudian pasien diberikan edukasi verbal langsung mengenai penggunaan obat inhalasi yang tepat. Satu bulan kemudian pasien diberikan edukasi kedua berupa video daring yang dikirimkan ke setiap pasien melalui aplikasi Whatsapp. Pemeriksaan kualitas hidup terakhir dan penilaian ketepatan penggunaan obat inhalasi dilakukan 3 bulan setelah pemeriksaan awal. Hasil rerata skor CAT sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi berulang menunjukkan adanya penurunan 2 poin (12,8 ± 1,3 vs 10,8 ± 2,0). Sebanyak 63,6% pasien masih melakukan kesalahan dalam menggunakan obat inhalasi meskipun sudah diedukasi. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa edukasi berulang dengan demonstrasi secara langsung dan penggunaan video mengenai ketepatan penggunaan obat inhalasi dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien PPOK.

ABSTRACT
Repeated education about proper inhalation drug technique can minimize rate of errors in inhaler-using patients and affect the QoL of COPD patients. This study aims to examine the effect of repeated education to the QoL of COPD patients from February 2020 to June 2020. Pre-experimental method and prospective study at Grha Permata Ibu Depok Hospital was conducted for this study. QoL from 22 patients were examined using the CAT questionnaire (COPD Assessment Test). Furthermore all patients are given direct verbal education about proper inhalation drugs technique. One month later, online videos were sent via Whatsapp for each patients as second education. Last check of QoL and examination of inhaler technique is done within 3 months after the initial examination. The average CAT score before and after repeated education showed the decreasing by 2 points (12.8 ± 1.3 vs. 10.8 ± 2.0). CAT score were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The result showed that there was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between CAT scores before and after repeated education. Despite being educated, 63.6% of total patients still using inhaler inappropriately. It can be concluded that repeated education about proper inhalation drugs technique can contribute in improving the QoL of COPD patients."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Ikhsan Mokoagow
"Latar Belakang: Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK) berkontribusi terhadap masalah kesehatan yang bermakna selama penyelenggaraan haji. Kementerian Kesehatan RI mendokumentasikan PPOK sebagai penyebab ketiga terbesar perawatan jemaah haji yaitu sebesar 7,2% pada tahun 2010. Identifikasi individu yang berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami eksaserbasi akut PPOK selama pelaksanaan haji menjadi penting. Oleh karenanya, penggunaan skor CAT dalam memprediksi risiko eksaserbasi akut pada populasi khusus ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.
Tujuan: Mengevaluasi skor CAT sebagai prediktor kejadian eksaserbasi akut pada jemaah haji dengan PPOK.
Metode: Penelitian kohort prospektif ini dilakukan pada jemaah haji Embarkasi Provinsi DKI Jakarta tahun 2012. Sebelum keberangkatan, subyek diminta mengisi CAT dan diberikan kartu pencatatan harian untuk mencatat gejala eksaserbasi akut selama pelaksanaan haji. Kartu serupa juga diberikan pada dokter kelompok terbang (kloter) mereka. Saat kedatangan di tempat disembarkasi, subyek diwawancarai dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan serta pengumpulan kartu pencatatan harian dari pasien maupun dokter kloter. Eksaserbasi akut ditentukan dari kartu pencatatan harian dan buku kesehatan haji yang dibawa oleh tiap jemaah.
Hasil: Sebanyak 61 pasien PPOK direkrut dengan subyek laki-laki sejumlah 57 orang (93,4%) dan rerata usia 58,8±8,5 tahun. Eksaserbasi akut terjadi pada 35 pasien (57,4%). Skor CAT berkisar antara 0–25 dengan rerata 8,2±5,5. Persentase kelompok kategori CAT rendah (skor<10) sebesar 63,9% sementara 36,1% memiliki kategori CAT sedang-berat (skor CAT 10-30). Didapatkan Risiko Relatif sebesar 1,33 (IK95% 0,875–2,020), Nilai Duga Positif: 0,68 (IK95% 0,47–0,84), dan AUC 0,773 (IK95% 0,647-0,898). Median skor CAT 9 (nilai minimum 1; maksimum 25) untuk kelompok eksaserbasi akut dan median 4 (nilai minimum 0; maksimum 17) untuk kelompok tidak eksaserbasi akut yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0.0001, Uji Mann-Whitney).
Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan kejadian eksaserbasi akut pada jemaah haji dengan CAT kategori sedang-berat dibandingkan kelompok CAT kategori ringan namun belum terlihat perbedaan risiko yang bermakna pada penelitian ini dan skor CAT memiliki kemampuan untuk memprediksi terjadinya eksaserbasi akut.

Background: COPD contributes to significant health problems during pilgrimage for moslems. Indonesian Ministry of Health COPD as the third leading causes of hospitalization pilgrims with percentage of 7.2% in 2010. Identifying individuals with higher risk to have acute exacerbation during the pilgrimage is essential. Therefore, the use of CAT scores in predicting the risk of acute exacerbation in this special population merits further investigation.
Objective: To evaluate CAT score as predictor of acute exacerbation event in pilgrims with COPD.
Methods: This propective cohort study was conducted to pilgrims from DKI Jakarta Province in 2012. Prior to departure, subjects were asked to complete CAT and given diary card to record any symptoms of exacerbation during pilgrimage. Similar observation card were also given to their pilgrims groups’ doctors. On arrival at disembarkation point, subjects underwent interview and health examination while diary cards were collected from both patients and their doctors. Acute exacerbation were determined from the diary cards and individual health record book carried by every pilgrim.
Results: Sixty one COPD patients were recruited comprising 57 male subjects (93.4%) and mean age for this study is 58.8 ± 8.5 years. Acute exacerbation occurred in 35 patients (57.4%). CAT scores range from 0–25 with a mean of 8.2±5.5. Percentage of low CAT category group (score <10) was 63.9% while the 36.1% of subjects were in medium to high CAT category group (score 10-30). Relative Risk for acute exacerbation was 1.33 (95% CI 0.875 – 2.020), Positive Predivetive Value: 0.68 (95%CI 0.47–0.84), and AUC 0.773 (95% CI 0.647-0.898) and median CAT scores were 9 (minimum value 1; maximum 25) for acute exacerbation group and 4 (minimum value 0; maximum 17) for and non acute exacerbation group which was statistically significant (p<0.0001, Mann-Whitney U test).
Conclusion: An increasead numbers of acute exacerbation was observed in moderate-severe category CAT score compared to those in mild category nevertheless a significant risk difference was not demonstrated in this study and CAT score has the ability to predict acute exacerbation.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2014
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Michicho Citra Zhangrila
"Pemantauan terapi obat (PTO) adalah rangkaian proses kegiatan untuk memastikan terapi obat yang aman, efektif, dan rasional bagi pasien. Pasien yang mendapatkan terapi obat mempunyai risiko mengalami masalah terkait obat (MTO). Risiko MTO meningkat pada pasien lanjut usia dengan banyak penyakit penyerta (komorbid) akibat polifarmasi yang diterimanya. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan kegiatan PTO terhadap pasien rawat inap atas nama Tn. B dengan diagnosis Pneumonia, PPOK Eksaserbasi Akut, Unstable Angina Pectoris, dan Hipertensi. Pasien yang dipilih termasuk dalam kalangan yang rentan terhadap penyakit di atas, yaitu berusia di atas 65 tahun, memiliki riwayat kebiasaan merokok, disertai riwayat penyakit PPOK dan Hipertensi. Data yang diperoleh selama kegiatan PTO dianalisa dan dikaji berdasarkan kategori MTO menurut Hepler dan Strand menggunakan metode SOAP. Ditemukan dua MTO yang diidentifikasi pada terapi pasien selama periode PTO, yaitu masalah terkait pemilihan obat, dan interaksi obat dengan obat. Tindak lanjut yang direncanakan terkait MTO yaitu dengan memberikan rekomendasi pilihan terapi alternatif, dan dilakukannya monitoring untuk memantau keberhasilan terapi pada pasien. Selain itu, kegiatan PTO terhadap Tn. B menunjukkan bahwa terapi yang diberikan kepada pasien sudah sesuai dengan pedoman pengobatan tatalaksana terapi Pneumonia, PPOK Eksaserbasi Akut, Unstable Angina Pectoris, dan Hipertensi.

Drug therapy monitoring (DTM) ensures safe, effective, and rational drug therapy for patients. Patients who receive drug therapy are at risk of experiencing drug-related problems (DRP). The risk of DRP increases in elderly patients with many comorbidities due to the polypharmacy they receive. In this study, DTM activities were carried out for inpatients on behalf of Mr. B with a diagnosis of Pneumonia, Acute Exacerbation of COPD, Unstable Angina Pectoris, and Hypertension. The selected patients are among those susceptible to the above diseases, namely those aged over 65 years who have a history of smoking habits accompanied by a history of COPD and hypertension. The data obtained during the DTM activities were analyzed and reviewed based on the DRP category according to Hepler and Strand using the SOAP method. Two DRPs were identified in the patient's therapy during the DTM period: problems related to drug selection and drug-drug interactions. Planned follow-up related to DRP is by providing recommendations for alternative therapy options and monitoring the success of therapy in patients. In addition, DTM activities towards Mr. B indicate that the therapy given to the patient already follows the guidelines for treating Pneumonia, Acute Exacerbation of COPD, Unstable Angina Pectoris, and Hypertension."
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas ndonesia, 2022
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dewi Anggraini
"Data pola bakteri yang diisolasi dari sputum penderita penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) eksaserbasi akut di Indonesia yang sangat terbatas, menunjukkan terdapat kecenderungan pola bakteri di Indonesia berbeda dengan yang dilaporkan banyak negara lain. Di kebanyakan negara lain Haemophilus injluenzae dan Moraxella catarrhalis merupakan bakteri terbanyak pertama dan kedua yang diisolasi dari sputum penderita PPOK eksaserbasi, sedangkan di Indonesia kekerapan isolasi kedua bakteri tersebut sangat rendah. H influenzae bersifat fastidious dan M catarrhalis sering terabaikan peranannya sebagai patogen. Ditambah lagi sebagian laboratorium di Indonesia belum dapat mengisolasi kedua bakteri ini. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode deteksi yang lebih efektif untuk kedua bakteri ini. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan metode PCR multipleks untuk H injluenzae dan M catarrhalis, serta aplikasinya pada sputum penderita PPOK eksaserbasi akut PCR multipleks ini dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi H injluenzae dan M catarrhalis dalam sputum masing-masingnya sampai 1,5 x 1ifcFU/ml atau 30 CFU/ reaksi PCR pada uji simulasi. Pemeriksaan PCR multipleks pada 30 sampel sputum penderita PPOK eksaserbasi akut memberikan hasil pita yang sesuai untuk H injluenzae sebanyak 60% dan untuk M catarrhalis 46,7%. Sedangkan dari biakan sputum hanya didapatkan satu sampel positif H injluenzae dan tidak ada sampel yang positif untuk M catarrhalis. Dengan jumlah sampel yang terbatas tersebut pemeriksaan PCR multipleks ini memiliki nilai sensitivitas 100%, spesifisitas 41,38%, nilai prediksi positif 5,56% dan nilai prediksi negatif 100% untuk H injluenzae. Nilai spesifisitas dan nilai prediksi negatif untuk M catarrhalis adalah 53,33% dan 100% .. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan perlu dilakukan peningkatan· sensitivitas metode kultur untuk H injluenzae dan M catarrhalis.

Limited database of bacterial pattern recorded in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Indonesia showed that the trend of bacterial pattern that was isolated from the patients with acute exacerbations of COPD is different from that which was reported in many other countries. In many other countries, Haemophilus inj1uenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the first and second most common bacteria that were isolated from the sputum of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD while in Indonesia the frequency of isolation of both bacteria is very low. H inj1uenzae is a fastidious bacteria while M catarrhalis' role as pathogen was frequently ignored. Moreover, many laboratories in Indonesia have no capabilities in the isolation of both bacteria. Thus, more effective detection methods are needed. This study is aimed at developing a multiplex PCR assay for H inj/uenzae and M catarrhalis, as well as the method's application on the sputum of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. The multiplex PCR can be applied for the detection of both H influenzae and M catarrhalis in sputum up to 1.5 x 102 CFU/ml or 30 CFU per PCR reaction in simulation test. The multiplex PCR analysis on 30 sputum samples of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD yielded band that 60% match that of H inj1uenzae and 46.7% that of M catarrhalis. However, analysis of the sputum culture only produced one positive sample for H inj1uenzae and no positive samples for M catarrhalis. With such limited samples, multiplex PCR assay has 100% sensitivity, 41.38% specificity, 5.56% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value for H inj/uenzae. The aassay has 53.33% specificity and 100% negative predictive value for M catarrhalis. Further study with bigger sample size should be carried out as well as the improvement in the sensitivity of the culture method for H inj1uenzae and M catarrhalis.
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Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia , 2008
T59041
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library