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Abstrak :
Kanker serviks adalah salah satu penyebab kematian yang besar di dunia. Sehingga penelitian untuk menemukan terapi sebagai alternatif untuk obat-obatan sitotoksik terus dikembangkan. Hal ini karena, obat-obatan sitotoksik konvensional memiliki efek samping seperti; malnutrisi, gejala mual, penurunan daya tahan, dan lainya. Citronellol telah dilaporkan dapat menginduksi apoptosis pada sel kanker darah dan sel kanker payudara dengan menginduksi caspase-3. Citronellol juga telah dilaporkan memiliki potensi anti-bakteri, anti-oksidan, anti-inflamasi dan kemampuan untuk meningkatkan imun dari pasien kanker. Untuk menguji potensi Citronellol digunakan sel HeLa yang merupakan cell line kanker serviks yang memiliki sifat kuat, immortal, dan mudah dipropagasi dalam lab. Konsentrasi Citronellol yang digunakan adalah 10 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, dan 100 µg/mL. Untuk menguji potensi Citronellol terhadap viabilitas dan ultrastruktur sel HeLa digunakan uji Trypan Blue untuk melihat jumlah sel hidup dan mati, Scepter™ 3.0 cell counter untuk membandingkan rata-rata ukuran diameter sel dan melihat ultrastruktur sel dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Viabilitas sel HeLa diketahui semakin menurun seiring semakin tinggi konsentrasi Citronellol. Hal ini dibuktikan dari semakin sedikit jumlah sel yang hidup ketika konsentrasi Citronellol semakin tinggi pada uji Trypan Blue. Pada pengujian dengan Scepter™ 3.0 cell counter diameter sel makin mengecil ketika konsentrasi Citronellol semakin tinggiHasil uji statistik ANOVA menunjukkan penurunan viabilitas pada uji Trypan Blue memiliki nilai yang signifikan namun, pengujian dengan Scepter™ 3.0 cell counter memiliki nilai yang tidak signifikan. Hasil pengamatan dengan SEM, sel HeLa terlihat memiliki karakteristik sel yang sedang berada di fase apoptosis ketika sel diberi Citronellol. ......Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world. Therefore, research is conducted trying to find alternative therapies. Reason for further research is due to the many side effects caused by conventional cytotoxic drugs used in those conventional therapy such as; such as; malnutrition, symptoms of nausea, decreasing immunity and more. Citronellol has been reported to induce apoptosis in blood cancer cells and breast cancer cells by inducing caspase-3. Citronellol has also been reported to have potential anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting abilities in cancer patients. In order to test the potential of Citronellol HeLa cells are used due to it being a cervical cancer cell and with characteristics like; strong, immortal and easily propagated in the lab. The amount of Citronellol used are 10 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, dan 100 µg/mL. In order to test the potential of Citronellol on the viability and ultrastructure of HeLa cells, the Trypan Blue test was used to see the number of live and dead cells, the Scepter™ 3.0 cell counter to compare the average cell diameter sizes and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to see the cell ultrastructure. HeLa cell viability is known to decrease as the concentration of Citronellol increases. In the Trypan Blue test this is evident shown by the fewer number of viable cells as the concentration of Citronellol is higher. In the test with Scepter ™ 3.0 cell counter, the diameter of the cell gets smaller as the concentration of Citronellol got higher. The results of ANOVA statistical test, the decrease in viability in the Trypan Blue test had a significant value, but not with the Scepter™ 3.0 cell counter SEM pictures showed HeLa cells with characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis when given Citronellol.

Abstrak :
Coelogyne merupakan anggrek asli indonesia yang mempunyai ukuran bunga relatif besar dan warna menarik. penyimpanan biji coelogyne perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga keragaman spesies tersebut. percobaan penyimpanan biji pada tujuh spesies anggrek coelogyne pada suhu -20°C telah dilakukan selama empat tahun di PKT- KR-LIPI. rangcangan percobaab yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap, dengan faktor media yang diperlukan pada masing-masing spesies coelogyne. empat macam media kultur yang digunakan untuk menguji perkecambahan biji adalah KCA (Knudson C), KC (modifikasi Knudson C), VW( modifikasi Vacin and Went), dan HS( modifikasi Hyponex0. uji viabilitas biji diamati setelah biji disimpan selama 0,1,2,3,6,9,12,18,24,36,48 bulan. hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa biji coelogyne spp. mampu berkecambah di empat media percobaan. viabilitas bij coelogyne spp. menurun dalam waktu tiga bulan, enam bulan, sembilan bulan, dan seterusnya trgantung pada spesies coelogyne tersebut. biji coelogyne yang dapat disimpan selama 1-2 tahun adalah C. pandurata, C.pulverula. biji .C.rochussenii dan c.celebensis dengan masa hidup yang singkat harus ditanam segera setelah panen, dan selanjutnya disimpan dalam bentuk kultur bibit in vitro atau biji sintesis melalui enkapulasi protocorm.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Infeksi virus dengue (DENV) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Hingga saat ini patogenesis infeksi DENV masih belum diketahui secara jelas. DENV dapat menginfeksi dan bereplikasi pada monosit yang mengarah pada hipotesis ADE (Antibody-Dependent Enhancement). Infeksi DENV juga seringkali menyebabkan kerusakan hati, hepatomegali hingga disfungsi hati. Organ hati merupakan salah satu target utama infeksi DENV. Beberapa mekanisme yang terlibat dalam kerusakan hepatosit selama infeksi DENV yaitu efek sitopatik langsung yakni dari infeksi virus, dan efek tidak langsung yakni terkait disfungsi mitokondria, dan pengaruh faktor imun seluler dan humoral pada hati. Untuk mengetahui peranan DENV dan monosit dalam kerusakan sel hati, pada penelitian ini dilakukan infeksi DENV pada galur sel hepatosit Huh 7 it-1 yang diko-kultur dengan PBMC secara in vitro untuk mengetahui kadar sitokin IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IP-10 dan GRO-a menggunakan ELISA. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan pengamatan infektivitas DENV-2 pada sel Huh 7it-1 melalui FFU assay, dan pengukuran serta pengamatan viabilitas sel melalui MTT assay dan pewarnaan tryphan blue. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kadar sitokin IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, GRO-a pada PBMC yang dikultur bersama sel Huh 7it-1 terinfeksi DENV-2 lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sementara kadar kemokin IP-10 pada PBMC yang dikultur bersama sel Huh 7it-1 terinfeksi DENV-2 lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penambahan PBMC dapat menurunkan infektivitas sel Huh 7it-1terinfeksi DENV-2. Penambahan PBMC pada sel Huh 7it-1 terinfeksi DENV-2 menurunkan viabilitas sel.

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ABSTRACT
Dengue virus (DENV) infection increases every year and still being a health problem in Indonesia. Pathogenesis of DENV infection still not clearly known. DENV can infect and replicate monocytes that lead to the ADE (Antibody-Dependent Enhancement). DENV infection may cause liver damage, hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction. Liver is also known to be the main target of DENV infection. Some of the mechanisms involved in hepatocytes damage during DENV infection are direct cytopathic effects of the virus,and indirect cythopatic effects due to mitochondrial dysfunction, and effect of cellular and humoral immune factors in the liver. To determine the role of DENV and monocytes in liver cell damage, this study carried out DENV infection on Huh 7it-1 hepatocyte cell lines cultured with PBMC in vitro to determine levels of cytokine IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, IP-10 and GRO-a using ELISA. This study also observed infectivity of DENV-2 infected Huh 7it-1 cells through FFU assay, and cell viability through MTT assay, and tryphan blue staining. The results showed that the levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, GRO-a in PBMC cultured with DENV-2 infected Huh 7it-1 cells were higher than control. While levels of chemokine IP-10 in PBMCs co-cultured with DENV-2 infected Huh 7it-1 cells were lower than control. Addition of PBMC decreased the infectivity of DENV-2 infection in Huh7it-1 cells. Addition of PBMC in DENV-2 infected Huh 7 it-1 cells decreased cells viability.

Abstrak :
Disertasi ini membahas kebertahanan nilai religi dan keberlanjutan kepemimpinan perempuan dalam pergelaran Maengket Makamberu Minahasa. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai religi dan perempuan dapat bertahan, walaupun bentuk pergelarannya dapat berubah sesuai dengan konteks pergelaran. Bentuk pergelaran Maengket Makamberu religi yang muncul kembali setelah zaman globalisasi berjalan secara bersamaan dengan Maengket Makamberu seni. Nilai religi dan kepemimpinan perempuan dalam pergelaran dapat bertahan, walaupun ideologinya telah dipengaruhi religi Kristen/Katolik yang patriarkal. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa pergelaran religi yang berkurang dalam zaman globalisasi dapat dimunculkan kembali oleh masyarakat tradisi etnik Minahasa. Efek globalisasi pada pergelaran Maengket Makamberu tidak dapat digeneralisir, karena pergelaran dipengaruhi oleh konteks budaya, sosial, situasi, dan ideologi.

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This dissertation discusses the survival of religious values and the sustainability of women?s leadership in the performance of Maengket Makamberu Minahasa. This study shows that religious values and women?s leadership can survive, though structure of performances may change based on context of performance. The religious performance structure of Maengket Makamberu that reappear after the age of globalization run concurrently with the artistic Maengket Makamberu. Religious values and women's leadership in performance can survive, despite its ideology has been influenced by the Christian/Catholic religion that is patriarchal. It is proved that the religious performances that were reduced in the age of globalization can be recalled by the people of Minahasan ethnic traditions. The effects of globalization on the performances cannot be generalized, because the performance is influenced by the cultural, social, situational, and ideological contexts.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Odontocem® dan Biodentine®, berbahan dasar kalsium silikat. Tetapi terdapat kandungan lain yang mungkin memiliki efek pada viabiltas sel. Contohnya penambahan steroid dalam Odontocem®. Belum diketahui apakah penambahan steroid tersebut memiliki efek atau tidak terhadap viabilitas sel. Sel fibroblas yang diambil dari Telur Embrio Tertunas (TET), dipajan dengan Odontocem® dan Biodentine® dengan jumlah masing-masing kelompok sebesar 15 well. Kemudian viabilitas sel diukur selama 24 jam dan 72 jam. Hasil penelitian diuji dengan uji statistik Kruskal Wallis dengan uji post hoc Mann-Whitney. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa Odontocem® dan Biodentine® memiliki efek menurunkan viabiltas sel fibroblas pada pengukuran 24 jam dan 72 jam. Juga viabilitas sel fibroblas pada kelompok perlakuan Odontocem ® lebih tinggi daripada Biodentine® baik pada pengukuran 24 jam maupun 72 jam. ABSTRACT
Odontocem® and Biodentine®, both consist of calcium silicate. But there are other substances which may have an effect on cell viability. For example, addition of steroids in Odontocem®. It is not yet known whether these steroids have an effect or not on the cell viability. Fibroblasts taken from Chicken Embryo, added with Odontocem® and Biodentine® by each group of 15 wells. Then the cell viability was measured for 24 hours and 72 hours. The result were tested by Kruskal Wallis statistical test with post hoc test of Mann-Whitney. Based on this research, it was found that Odontocem® and Biodentine® have a lowering effect on the fibroblast cell viability for 24 hours and 72 hours. Thus, fibroblast cell viability the treatment group Odontocem ® is higher than both the measurement Biodentine® 24 hours or 72 hours.;Odontocem® and Biodentine®, both consist of calcium silicate. But there are other substances which may have an effect on cell viability. For example, addition of steroids in Odontocem®. It is not yet known whether these steroids have an effect or not on the cell viability. Fibroblasts taken from Chicken Embryo, added with Odontocem® and Biodentine® by each group of 15 wells. Then the cell viability was measured for 24 hours and 72 hours. The result were tested by Kruskal Wallis statistical test with post hoc test of Mann-Whitney. Based on this research, it was found that Odontocem® and Biodentine® have a lowering effect on the fibroblast cell viability for 24 hours and 72 hours. Thus, fibroblast cell viability the treatment group Odontocem ® is higher than both the measurement Biodentine® 24 hours or 72 hours.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang Kriopreservasi merupakan proses pembekuan, penyimpanan dan pencairan sel sperma yang sering diindikasikan pada pria infertil yang menjalani Teknologi Reproduksi Berbantu (TRB). Untuk mengurangi kerusakan sel akibat proses kriopreservasi, krioprotektan sering ditambahkan ke dalam sampel sperma yang akan disimpan. Meskipun banyak penelitian telah mengukur parameter kualitas sperma pasca kriopreservasi, tidak ada yang mengukur konsentrasi, viabilitas, motilitas, morfologi, dan fragmentasi DNA dalam sampel sperma yang sama dan dalam kondisi yang sama menggunakan krioprotektan Kitazato. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perbedaan kualitas sperma sebelum dan sesudah kriopreservasi menggunakan krioprotektan Kitazato. Metode Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental sebelum dan sesudah yang menggunakan sampel sperma dari Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusomo Kencana. Variabel independen adalah penambahan krioprotektan Kitazato ke sampel sperma sebelum pembekuan, sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah konsentrasi, motilitas, morfologi, viabilitas dan fragmentasi DNA. Analisis kualitas sperma dilakukan dengan uji mikroskopis menggunakan ruang hitung Makler, pewarnaan Giemsa, pewarnaan Eosin-Nigrosin, dan Sperm Chromatin Dispersion. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji paired T-test dan uji Wilcoxon signed-rank. Hasil Penurunan yang signifikan secara statistik (p < 0,05) diamati pada motilitas, morfologi dan viabilitas antar sel sperma sebelum dan sesudah kriopreservasi menggunakan krioprotektan Kitazato. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan (p > 0,05) yang diamati pada konsentrasi sperma. Terdapat kenaikan yang dapat diamati pada fragmentasi DNA. Selain itu, tingkat cryosurvival sebesar 50,28% dan tingkat viabilitas sebesar 42,48%. Kesimpulan Kriopreservasi menggunakan krioprotektan Kitazato berdampak signifikan pada beberapa parameter kualitas sperma, seperti motilitas, morfologi, dan viabilitas. ......Introduction Cryopreservation is the process of freezing, storing and thawing of sperm cells that is often indicated for infertile male undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). To reduce cellular damage from the cryopreservation process, cryoprotectant is often added to sperm samples that will be stored. Although numerous studies have measured sperm quality parameters post-cryopreservation, none has measured concentration, viability, motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation within the same sperm sample and under the same conditions using Kitazato cryoprotectant. Thus, this study aims to compare the difference between sperm quality parameters before and after cryopreservation using Kitazato cryoprotectant. Methods This research was an experimental before-and-after study utilizing sperm samples from Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusomo Kencana. The independent variable was addition of Kitazato cryoprotectant to sperm sample before freezing, whereas the dependent variables were concentration, viability, motility, morphology and DNA fragmentation. Analysis of sperm quality was conducted with microscopic tests using Makler counting chamber, Giemsa staining, Eosin-Nigrosin staining, and Sperm Chromatin Dispersion. Data analysis was conducted using paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in sperm motility, morphology and viability between sperm cells before and after cryopreservation using Kitazato cryoprotectant. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in sperm concentration. There was an increase observed in DNA fragmentation. Additionally, cryosurvival rate was 50.28% and viability rate was 42.48%. Conclusion Cryopreservation using Kitazato cryoprotectant significantly impacted several sperm quality parameters, such as motility, morphology, and viability.

Abstrak :
Ruang lingkup dan Cara penelitian: Toxoplasma gondii adalah parasit yang menginfeksi burung dan mamalia termasuk manusia. Parasit ini dikembangkan untuk penelitian toksoplasmosis. Selama ini pengadaan takizoit di laboratorium FKUI dilakukan dengan cara inokulasi mencit setiap tiga hari. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui metoda yang lebih praktis dan ekonomis untuk menyimpan takizoit T. gondii untuk menggantikan pengadaan takizoit cara lama. Telah diteliti dua jenis metoda penyimpanan takizoit dalam nitrogen cair, yaitu metoda Lin dan Booth. Sampel adalah takizoit T. gondii sebanyak 2,75x10 per tabung, terdiri dari 72 tabung. Terdapat perbedaan antara kedua metoda : Lin melakukan pencucian berulang dengan larutan NaCl 0,9%, media penyimpan hanya DMSO serta inkubasi sebelum masuk ke nitrogen cair adalah -20°C, -60°C, dilakukan pencairan langsung dalam water-bath. Booth melakukan pemanenan dengan larutan HESS, tanpa pemurnian, media penyimpanan: DMSO + BSA + DMEM, inkubasi: suhu kamar dan -70°C, serta mengalami 3 tahap mencairan dengan 3% FBS dalam DMEM. Parameter yang diamati: Jumlah takizoit mula-mula, persentase viabilitas dan virulensi parasit setelah 2, 4 dan 6 bulan penyimpanan. Hasil dan kesimpulan: Dengan metoda Lin diperoleh viabilitas : 61,38%, 39,50% dan 36,09% setelah 2, 4 dan fi bulan penyimpanan serta hilangnya virulensi. Pada metoda Booth viabilitas setelah 2, 4 dan 6 bulan penyimpanan: 68,49%, 61,68% dan 56,99% dan virulensi tetap baik. Hal ini karena metoda Booth memakai HBSS sebagai larutan pembilas, BSA dan DMEM sebagai medium, serta adanya pencairan kembali secara bertahap, sehingga membran tetap stabil dan terhindar dari "shock osmotik". Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat disimpulkan : nitrogen cair dapat digunakan untuk penyimpanan takizoit jangka panjang dan metoda Booth merupakan metoda penyimpanan yang cukup baik untuk masa penyimpanan 6 bulan.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Sel punca mesenkimal (SPM) sebagai salah satu alternatif terapi kasus sulit dapat diperoleh dari jaringan adiposa. Kemampuan SPM dalam rekayasa jaringan membutuhkan prosedur implantasi SPM yang aman dan bebas kontaminasi. Tindakan minimal invasive pada kasus cedera medulla spinalis dengan terapi implantasi SPM dapat menyebabkan sel tersebut terpajan radiasi sinar-x c-arm. Viabilitas dan waktu penggandaan populasi (WPP) merupakan salah satu komponen utama keberhasilan prosedur implantasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek pajanan sinar-x c-arm terhadap viabilitas dan WPP SPM. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental SPM jaringan adiposa pasca cryopreservation. Sel punca pasca thaw dan propagasi kemudian dilakukan pajanan radiasi sinar-x dengan c-arm. Sel punca kemudian di kultur untuk menilai viabilitas dan waktu penggandaan populasi. Uji Generalized Linear Model untuk menilai perbedaan viabilitas antara besar dosis radiasi. Uji Spearman menilai korelasi perbedaan viabilitas kelompok pasca-radiasi, dan pasca radiasi dan kultur. Uji Kruskall-Wallis menilai WPP kelompok pasca-radiasi antara masing-masing besar dosis. Uji Wilcoxon menilai WPP antara kelompok pre-radiasi dengan kelompok pasca-radiasi. Hasil: Waktu konfluensi kultur sel pasca radiasi rata-rata 4.33 hari. Rerata perbedaan viabilitas antara besar dosis radiasi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05). Didapatkan korelasi positif viabilitas pasca radiasi dengan besar dosis radiasi namun tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0.05) namun didapatkan korelasi negatif viabilitas pasca radiasi dan kultur dengan besar dosis radiasi dan bermakna secara statistik. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna median WPP antara kelompok pre-radiasi dan pasca-radiasi (p>0.05) dan perbedaan WPP diantara kelompok pasca radiasi (p>0.05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan secara statistic viabilitas dan WPP SPM jaringan adiposa pasca pajanan radiasi sinar-x c-arm sampai sampai dosis radiasi 32.34 mSv.

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ABSTRACT
Introduction. The use of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)in tissue engineering require implantation procedure that is safe and free of contamination. Minimally invasive procedure in the case of spinal cord injury using a c-arm device for MSC implantation causes x-ray exposure to the implanted cells. Viability and population doubling time (PDT) is a major component of the success of the implantation procedure. This study aims to determine the effect of c-arm x-ray exposure on MSC viability and PDT. Methods. This was an experimental study that used cryopreserved adipose tissue derived MSCs. Cells were thawed, propagated, and exposed to varying doses of c-arm x-ray radiation. Stem cell viability was measured, and then the cells were cultured to assess their PDT. Generalized linear models test was used to compare cell viability between post-thaw, post-propagation, post-radiation, post-culture post-radiation, and control and between radiation dose groups. Kruskal-Wallis test assessed PDT between various radiation doses in post-radiation groups. Wilcoxon test assessed PDT between pre-radiation and post-radiation groups. Results. Mean confluence period of adipose MSCs post radiation was 4.33 days. There was no statistically significant difference in MSC mean viability after exposure to x-ray radiation between each group and control (p>0.05). There was no significant positive correlation between post radiation viability and radiation dose (p > 0.05), however, there was significant negative correlation between post radiation post culture viability and radiation dose. There were no significant differences in PDT between pre- and post-culture post radiation groups and between various radiation doses in post-radiation groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. No statistical differences in MSC viability and PDT after x-ray radiation exposure of c-arm up to 32.34 mSv;Introduction. The use of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)in tissue engineering require implantation procedure that is safe and free of contamination. Minimally invasive procedure in the case of spinal cord injury using a c-arm device for MSC implantation causes x-ray exposure to the implanted cells. Viability and population doubling time (PDT) is a major component of the success of the implantation procedure. This study aims to determine the effect of c-arm x-ray exposure on MSC viability and PDT. Methods. This was an experimental study that used cryopreserved adipose tissue derived MSCs. Cells were thawed, propagated, and exposed to varying doses of c-arm x-ray radiation. Stem cell viability was measured, and then the cells were cultured to assess their PDT. Generalized linear models test was used to compare cell viability between post-thaw, post-propagation, post-radiation, post-culture post-radiation, and control and between radiation dose groups. Kruskal-Wallis test assessed PDT between various radiation doses in post-radiation groups. Wilcoxon test assessed PDT between pre-radiation and post-radiation groups. Results. Mean confluence period of adipose MSCs post radiation was 4.33 days. There was no statistically significant difference in MSC mean viability after exposure to x-ray radiation between each group and control (p>0.05). There was no significant positive correlation between post radiation viability and radiation dose (p > 0.05), however, there was significant negative correlation between post radiation post culture viability and radiation dose. There were no significant differences in PDT between pre- and post-culture post radiation groups and between various radiation doses in post-radiation groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. No statistical differences in MSC viability and PDT after x-ray radiation exposure of c-arm up to 32.34 mSv, Introduction. The use of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)in tissue engineering require implantation procedure that is safe and free of contamination. Minimally invasive procedure in the case of spinal cord injury using a c-arm device for MSC implantation causes x-ray exposure to the implanted cells. Viability and population doubling time (PDT) is a major component of the success of the implantation procedure. This study aims to determine the effect of c-arm x-ray exposure on MSC viability and PDT. Methods. This was an experimental study that used cryopreserved adipose tissue derived MSCs. Cells were thawed, propagated, and exposed to varying doses of c-arm x-ray radiation. Stem cell viability was measured, and then the cells were cultured to assess their PDT. Generalized linear models test was used to compare cell viability between post-thaw, post-propagation, post-radiation, post-culture post-radiation, and control and between radiation dose groups. Kruskal-Wallis test assessed PDT between various radiation doses in post-radiation groups. Wilcoxon test assessed PDT between pre-radiation and post-radiation groups. Results. Mean confluence period of adipose MSCs post radiation was 4.33 days. There was no statistically significant difference in MSC mean viability after exposure to x-ray radiation between each group and control (p>0.05). There was no significant positive correlation between post radiation viability and radiation dose (p > 0.05), however, there was significant negative correlation between post radiation post culture viability and radiation dose. There were no significant differences in PDT between pre- and post-culture post radiation groups and between various radiation doses in post-radiation groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. No statistical differences in MSC viability and PDT after x-ray radiation exposure of c-arm up to 32.34 mSv]

Abstrak :
Sebagai negara berkembang, di Indonesia saat ini sedang marak pelaksanaan pembangunan infrastruktur. Kemudian  Terdapat proyek-proyek infrastruktur (khususnya proyek jalan tol) yang masuk dalam proyek strategis nasional namun memiliki kelayakan yang rendah secara finansial , hal ini menjadi kasus penelitian untuk  memperoleh skenario/skema investasi agar proyek tersebut bisa tetap dapat diimplementasikan sesuai dengan rencana pemerintah. Analisis akan dilakukan dengan melakukan studi kasus yang mendalam tentang proyek Infrastruktur yang memiliki tingkat kelayakan investasi yang rendah di Indonesia. Studi kasus dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang jelas tentang suatu masalah, serta melakukan identifikasi bagaimana solusi/strategi terbaik untuk meningkatkan kelayakan proyek ini agar dapat tetap diimplementasikan serta  mengetahui dampak dari penerapan skenario terbaik terhadap kelayakan finansial nya. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, pembangunan jalan tol hanya sampai Besuki ternyata merupakan skenario terbaik yang menghasilkan tingkat kelayakan terbaik. Alternatif lain adalah dukungan pemerintah untuk menyelesaikan jalan tol dari Besuki hingga Banyuwangi. Adanya dukungan pemerintah berupa VGF agar jalan tol Probolinggo Banyuwangi dapat terhubung dan memberikan tingkat pengembalian investasi yang menguntungkan bagi investor, dalam hal ini Badan Usaha Jalan Tol. ......As a developing country, Indonesia is currently rampant in implementing infrastructure development. However, there are infrastructure projects (especially toll road projects) that are included in the National Strategic Project (PSN) but have low financial feasibility. Despite this, they are economically and socially politically feasible, and require a particular strategy to ensure the project can still be implemented. The analysis will be conducted by conducting in-depth case studies on infrastructure projects with low investment feasibility in Indonesia. These case studies aim to obtain a clear picture of the problem and identify the best solution/strategy to improve the feasibility of the project, enabling its implementation. Additionally, the impact of implementing the best scenario on its financial feasibility will be determined. Based on the analysis results, shortening the toll road segment is the best scenario that offers the highest financial feasibility. The second alternative involves seeking construction support from the Government to complete the toll road from Besuki to Banyuwangi, which represents the final stretch of the toll road on Java Island. The provision of VGF (Viability Gap Funding) in the form of construction support aims to facilitate the connection of the Probolinggo-Banyuwangi toll road and ensure a profitable rate of return on investment for Toll Road Business Entities, who are the investors in this project.

Abstrak :
Kanker serviks menjadi kanker penyebab kematian tertinggi ketiga di Indonesia setelah kanker paru-paru dan payudara. Metode pencegahan seperti vaksin HPV dan metode pengobatan seperti pembedahan, kemoterapi, dan radioterapi telah dikembangkan. Akan tetapi, masih dibutuhkan pengembangan pengobatan alternatif, salah satunya adalah dari tumbuhan herbal dengan senyawa aktif citronellol. Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu membuktikan bahwa citronellol dapat menurunkan viabilitas dengan menginduksi apoptosis pada beberapa sel kanker, seperti sel kanker paru-paru, payudara, dan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh citronellol terhadap viabilitas sel HeLa menggunakan mikroskop fluoresens. Variasi konsentrasi 10, 25, 50, dan 100 µg/mL citronellol dengan waktu inkubasi 48 jam diujikan pada sel HeLa. Uji viabilitas dilakukan dengan uji WST-1 dan deteksi apoptosis dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Annexin V-FITC/PI menggunakan mikroskop fluoresens. Hasil uji dengan ANAVA satu arah menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari citronellol terhadap viabilitas sel HeLa. Konsentrasi 10 µg/mL cenderung menurunkan viabilitas sel HeLa dibandingkan kontrol. Pengamatan dengan mikroskop fluoresens menunjukkan terdeteksinya sel apoptosis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sel nekrosis dan perubahan morfologi pada sel late apoptosis. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh pengaruh citronellol terhadap sel HeLa. ......Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia following lung cancer and breast cancer.  Prevention methods such as the HPV vaccine and treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have been developed. However, the development of alternative medicine is still needed, one of which is from herbal plants with the active compound of citronellol. Previous studies have shown that citronellol can reduce viability by inducing apoptosis in some cancer cells, such as lung, breast, and blood cancer cells. This study aims to determine the effects of citronellol on HeLa cells viability and to detect apoptosis by Annexin V- FITC/PI staining using a fluorescence microscope. Concentration variations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL citronellol with an incubation time of 48 hours were treated on HeLa cells. A viability test was carried out by WST-1 test and apoptosis detection was carried out by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining using a fluorescence microscope. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant effect of different concentrations of citronellol on the viability of HeLa cells. The concentrations of 10 µg/mL of citronellol tended to decrease HeLa cells viability. Observations with fluorescence microscope showed a higher detection rate of apoptotic cells than necrotizing cells and a more visible morphological changes in late apoptotic cells. Furthermore, fluorescence microscopy detected apoptotic cells. Further study is required to get a more comprehensive information on the effects of citronellol on HeLa cells.