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ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini mempelajari efek dari imigran terhadaptingkat pengangguran di Belanda. Efek yang diprediksi menurut model ekonomi standar adalah bahwa paraimigran membawa efek buruk pada pengangguran, yaitu, adanya peningkatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi OLS, menggunakan data kuartal imigrasi dan tingkat pengangguran. Tidak seperti yang ditemukan oleh banyak penelitian, skripsi ini menemukan bahwa imigrasi di Belanda membawa efek positif pada pengangguran, yaitu adanya penurunan, namun koefisien yang ditemukan tidak signifikan.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis studies the effectof immigration on the unemployment rate in the Netherlands. The predicted effect according to standard economic models is that immigration influx brings an adverse effect on unemployment, that is, an increase in unemployment. The research employs an OLS regression analysis, usingquarterly data of immigrationandunemployment rate.Contrary to what most research conclude, this paper finds that immigration in the Netherlands brings a positive effect on unemployment, which is a decreasing rate, but the coefficient is insignificant.

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ABSTRAK
The nature of the relationship between the twin problem of poverty and unemployment has been unclear recently. Although the nature of the relationship has received more extensive scholarly attention worldwide and even in Nigeria, no study raised on the nature of its relationship in the region (state) which might produce an inverse relationship different from the proportionate obtained in previous studies. Hence the study on the relationship between poverty and unemployment in Niger state, Nigeria, using descriptive and a logistics regression model to analyze the 102 cross-sectional data randomly collected from the three geopolitical regions in the state. The result thus shows the existence of a proportionate relationship between poverty and unemployment, following the pattern of previous studies. The study thus recommends the actions of the policymakers in creating vocational skill programs to the aid-curb unemployment problem in the state. Accordingly, the increase in expenditure on education and the minimum wage as well recommended.

Abstrak :
Termotivasi dari laporan ketenagakerjaan yang mengungkapkan persentase NEE di Indonesia yang masih tinggi, maka dengan menggunakan data IFLS5 kami melakukan kajian terkait dampak karakteristik sosial demografi dan indikator wilayah dan pasar kerja lokal terhadap usia muda yang NEE . Kami tertarik untuk meneliti NEE sebagai populasi yang heterogen dengan cara mengelompokkannya berdasarkan atas sikap dan ketersediaan waktu dari usia muda terhadap pekerjaan (Salvà -Mut, Tugores-Ques, & Quintana-Murci, 2017)agar dapat menangkap pola kerentanan dan keputusan transisi usia muda ke pasar kerja sehingga dapat dihasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan yang tepat. Hasil estimasi dengan multinomial logistik menunjukkan bahwa NEE carers- cared mempunyai karakteristik sebagai perempuan yang berusia muda, tingkat pendidikan rendah, berstatus sudah menikah dan berasal dari latar belakang keluarga yang kurang beruntung terkait ekonomi dan cenderung di pedesaan dengan tingkat pengangguran lokal yang tinggi. Sedangkan NEE unemployed juga mempunyai karakteristik berusia muda, tapi dominan berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan status belum menikah dan tingkat pendidikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bukan NEE, selain itu kategori ini cenderung di perkotaan dan juga dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pengangguran lokal yang tinggi. Namun berbeda dengan dua kategori sebelumnya, walaupun discourage juga cenderung berusia muda, berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan tingkat pendidikan rendah, tapi usia muda ini tidak terpengaruh oleh indikator wilayah dan pasar kerja lokal. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya persepsi dan sikap terhadap pekerjaan. ......Motivated from the employment report which reveals the still high percentage of NEE in Indonesia, by using IFLS5 data we conducted studies related to the impact of individual characteristics, education, family background and regional indicators and local labor market on NEE young age. We are interested in examining NEE as a heterogeneous population by grouping it based on attitudes and time availability from a young age to work (Salvà -Mut, Tugores-Ques, & Quintana-Murci, 2017), in order to capture patterns of vulnerability and young transition decisions to the labor market so that appropriate policy recommendations can be produced. The estimation results with multinomial logistic show that NEE carers-cared have characteristics as young women, low education levels, married status and come from economically disadvantaged family backgrounds and tend to be in rural areas with high local unemployment rates. Whereas unemployed NEEs also have the characteristics of being young, but the dominant male sex is unmarried and the level of education is higher than non-NEE, besides this category tends to be in urban areas and also influenced by high local unemployment rates. However, it differs from the previous two categories, although discourage also tends to be young, male sex and education level low, but young age is not affected by regional indicators and the local labor market. This is due to a lack of perception and attitude towards work.

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This study aims to analyse the effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population toward unemployment in the D-8 Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries over the period, 1991 to 2020. The quantitative approach uses techniques analysis of panel data regression. The study result shows a significant simultaneous effect of trade openness, wages, inflation, economic growth, and population on unemployment of D-8 OIC member countries. While partially, trade openness has a significant positive effect on unemployment, wages, economic growth, and inflation have a significant negative relationship with unemployment. The population has a significant positive effect on unemployment. Overall, the result implies that each OIC member country should promote an effective and strategic plan to enhance the demand for labour and employment. Furthermore, professional courses and vocational training should be initiated to fulfil the growing demand for skilled labour.

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Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) usia muda di Indonesia tertinggi kedua (19,68 persen) dibandingkan sebelas negara Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) pada tahun 2018. TPT usia 15-24 tahun pada tahun 2018 hampir empat kali TPT total. Pengangguran memberikan dampak yang luas, baik bagi negara, bagi penganggur itu sendiri, dan juga bagi masyarakat. Dibandingkan dengan penganggur usia yang lebih tua, remaja sangat rentan terhadap dampak negatif pengangguran. Pengangguran yang terjadi pada orang tua dapat menyebabkan transmisi antargenerasi kepada anaknya. Pengangguran orang tua dapat mengurangi investasi orang tua pada anak-anak mereka yang mengarah pada penurunan pencapaian pendidikan dan penurunan prospek pekerjaan ketika dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh orang tua yang menganggur pada masa kanak-kanak terhadap penggangguran usia muda dengan menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) tahun 2007 dan 2014. Hasil regresi multinomial logistik menunjukkan bahwa status pengangguran ayah di masa kanak-kanak berpengaruh secara signifikan hanya pada kuintil pendapatan 40 persen terendah. Anak yang ayahnya menganggur ketika mereka berumur 8-17 tahun lebih cenderung menjadi pengangguran di usia muda daripada keluar dari angkatan kerja. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya transmisi pengangguran antargenerasi pada rumah tangga dengan kelompok ekonomi rendah.

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The youth unemployment rate in Indonesia is the second highest (19,68 percent) among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries in 2018. Indonesian youth unemployment rate in 2018 is almost four times the total unemployment rate. Unemployment has broad effects, for the country, for the unemployed themselves, and also for society. Compared to older unemployed, youth are very vulnerable to the negative effects of unemployment. Unemployment that occurs in parents can cause intergenerational transmission to their children. Parental unemployment can reduce parental investment in their children which leads to a decrease in educational attainment and a decrease in employment prospects as adults. This study aims to investigate the effects of unemployed parents in childhood on youth unemployment using the 2007 and 2014 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data. The results of multinomial logistic regression indicate that fathers unemployment status in childhood age of youth, only significantly affects the youth unemployment status in the lowest 40 percent income group. Children whose father was unemployed in their childhood age, are more tend to be unemployed at young age instead of being out of the labor force. This shows the existence of intergenerational unemployment transmission in households with low economic group.

Abstrak :
Studi ini membahas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status pengangguran usia muda di perkotaan dan di pedesaan. Selain itu, studi ini juga berusaha mencari tahu apakah terdapat perbedaan pengaruh variabel independen terhadap status pengangguran usia muda antara di perkotaan dan pedesaan. Variabel yang digunakan dalam studi ini terdiri dari karakteristik individu, karakteristik rumah tangga, dan karakteristik wilayah. Data yang digunakan adalah data survei SUSENAS untuk periode tahun 2012 dan juga data PDRB, Jumlah penduduk, dan Upah Minimum. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen yang terdiri dari karakteristik individu, rumah tangga, dan wilayah secara bersamaan berpengaruh terhadap status pengangguran usia muda di perkotaan dan pedesaan. ...... This research studied factors that affect youth unemployment status in urban and rural areas. This study also aims to find out whether the independent variables have different effect on youth unemployment status in urban and rural areas. The variables used in this study consists of individual, household, and region characteristics. The Data used are the SUSENAS survey data for the period 2012 and also data on GDP, population, and the minimum wage. The results obtained indicate that the independent variables which consists of individual, household, and region characteristics simultaneously affecting the unemployment status of youth in urban and rural areas.