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"Gas alam, seperti kebanyakan komoditas lainnya dapat disimpan selama periode yang tidak daps ditentukan. Eksplorasi, produksi dan transportasi gas alam membutuhkan waktu, dan gas al yang mencapai tujuannya tidak dapat dibutuhkan secara langsung, untuk mengatasi kekuran pasokan gas dalam kondisi dimana terdapat kegagalan pada fasilitas sumur produksi atau fasilitas jaringan pipe transmisi dan distribusi berikut fasilitasnya, periode beban puncak loading) atau penctrasi pasar, untuk itu diperlukan bantalan suplai (buffer) gas untuk menunjan kehandalan pasokan, yaitu underground gas storage.Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan kajian teknis dan ekonomis terhadap aplikas underground storage di Indonesia khususnya Jawa Barat, dikaitkan dengan sistim jaringan pi trasmisi dan distribusi PGN-Eks Sumur gas Depleted PERTAMINA DOH-Cirebon sehin pengaturan pasokan gas dan pendistribusiannya dapat beijalan sesuai dengan keinginan kepuasan pelanggan.Dari basil analisa perhitungan untuk kompressor didapatka Hp 165.777 ratio kompresi 1:4 reciprocating dengan kompresi adiabtic. Sedangkan untuk metering dipakai orifice 3 unit masin dngan kapasitas 200 MMscfd. Untuk dehydrasi digunakan glycol TEG, konsentrasi Lean TE 98,0 wt% dan circulation ratio 104,7 gal TEG/Ibm H2O absorbedDari hasil analisa perhitungan untuk pembangunan storage ini dibutuhkan biaya investas sebesar 99 Juta USD dan IRR sebesar 27,4 % margin 0,6 USD/MMBTU, NPV 71,7 Juta USD Pay back periode 5 Tabun. Tarif atau ongkos untuk storage sebesar 0,3-0,6 USD/MMBTU Dilihat dari angka - angka tersebut make pembangunan storage di Jawa Barat layak untuk dilakukan.

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Natural gas, like another common commodity can be storage for unlimited time. Exploration, production, and transportation for natural gas need time and it cant be directly used to encounter the lack of gas storage, in case of malfunction of gas well site, transmission, and distribution facilities, or moreover in peak load period and market penetration. Therefore, it needs gas bufering to support storage reliability, it is underground gas storage.Main purpose in this writing is to give technical and economic analysis for underground storage application in Indonesia, especially in West Java. In case with PGN transmission and distribution pipeline in Depleted Gas Well site in Cirebon PERTAMINA DOH-, so then gas storage management and distribution can run properly, as customer satisfaction and needs.From result of analysis calculation for kompressor power get horse power 165.777 Hp ratio compression 1:4 type reciprocating with compression adiabtic. While for metering is used by orifice 3 unit each capacities has 200 MMscfd. For dehydration is applied by glycol TEG, concentration of lean TEG 98,0 wt% and circulation ratio 104,7 gal TEG/lbm H2O absorbedBased on calculated results, to build this storage need invest about 99 million USD and IRR 27,4 % margin 0,6 USD/MMBTU, NPV 71,7 million USD with payback period 5 years. Therefore, the storage cost is 0,3 - 0,6 USD/MMBTU. So then, it can be said that storage development in West Java is feasible to be done."

"Pelaku underground economy lebih menyukai penggunaan uang kartal dalam transaksinya karena lebih sukar dilacak oleh aparat negara dibanding jenis uang yang lain. Jika aktivitas underground economy meningkat, maka permintaan terhadap uang kartal pun semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini mencoba mengukur besarnya underground economy di Indonesia melalui analisis sensitivitas permintaan uang kartal terhadap adanya beban pajak. Besarnya underground economy di Indonesia periode 2000 ? 2009 sekitar 5,03% - 5,04% dari PDB. Potensi pajak atas aktivitas ekonomi tersebut mencapai sekitar Rp 18,76 Triliun - Rp 18,77 Triliun setiap tahunnya.

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Economics agents in the underground economy prefer cash payments in their transaction because it is not easy to be tracked by the state apparatus than other types of money. If the underground economy activity increases, the demand for money (currency) also increasing. This study attempts to measure the underground economy in Indonesia use the currency demand method. The size of the underground economy in Indonesia during the period 2000 - 2009 is around 5.03 - 5.04 as a percentage of GDP. Meanwhile, the tax potential on the activity is around Rp 18.76 trillion - to Rp 18.77 trillion annually."

"Even though the Underground Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) building presents an opportunity to overcome land limitations in the development of electricity infrastructure in DKI Jakarta, there are several environmental, social and economic issues that must be analyzed concerning underground locations: the effect of perceived comfort and safety knowledge on work behavior, investment feasibility, the proportion of Green Open Space (RTH), and how the sustainable building model of Underground GIS can be applied. The purpose of this research is to achieve a model of Underground GIS building in DKI Jakarta. The quantitative approach is carried out by a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods. The social parameters obtained during this research process can be used as guidelines for the implementation of the basement design. With an area of approximately 1700 m2, the proportion of green space is predicted to reach 34%. The feasibility of building investment is influenced by physical investment costs, land use mechanisms, and the valuation of environmental and social benefits. The Sustainable building model of Underground GIS can be fulfilled if investment feasibility that accommodates social and environmental aspects is achieved.

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Meskipun bangunan Underground Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) menghadirkan peluang mengatasi keterbatasan lahan didalam pengembangan infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan di DKI Jakarta, namun terdapat beberapa permasalahan lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi yang harus dikaji terkait lokasi di bawah tanah, yaitu: pengaruh persepsi kenyamanan dan pengetahuan keselamatan pada perilaku kerja, kelayakan investasi, proporsi Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH), dan bagaimana model bangunan Underground GIS dapat diterapkan secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan riset ini adalah menghasilkan model bangunan Underground GIS di DKI Jakarta. Pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan metode riset gabungan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Parameter sosial yang didapat selama proses riset ini, dapat dijadikan pedoman pelaksanaan desain ruang bawah tanah. Dengan luas lahan kurang lebih sebesar 1700 m2, proporsi RTH diprediksi dapat mencapai 34%. Kelayakan investasi bangunan dipengaruhi oleh biaya investasi fisik, mekanisme penggunaan lahan, dan nilai manfaat sosial lingkungan. Model bangunan Underground GIS berkelanjutan dapat terpenuhi jika kelayakan investasi yang mengakomodasi aspek sosial dan lingkungan tercapai."

"This paper illustrates the significance of underground comics in Indonesia in the absence of a national comics industry. Underground comics means that its selling is independent of common marketing channels, and the comics usually have non-conventional graphics and narrative style. The author focuses on the life and works of Athonk, an Indonesian independent comics' artist, bypasses conventional modes of marketing and strengthens the global network of independent comics' artists and fans through internet. Fed up with the absurdity of Indonesian cultural and political life, Athonk is consistently creating stories of contestation between the powerful and powerless with cynicism through his amusing characters and language. The author places Athonk in the context of Indonesia art history, and debate between 'high art' and 'low art' that dominates discussion of art in Indonesia. The situation discredits comics as a 'low art' form which makes it still very far from establishing its position. Ironically, public welcome his art and this motivates him to keep working. This article hopefully will give broader picture about Indonesian comics as a potential art form and expression in the future."

"Born in Marseilles, Louis Simonin (1830–86) became a leading mining engineer of his age. He travelled widely on government and private commissions, particularly around the United States, where he was held in very high esteem. His posthumous renown rests primarily on this substantial work on mining, first published in 1867. The book is divided into three parts, dealing with coal mining, metal mining, and the mining of precious stones. It covers metallurgy and mineralogy, the history of mining, and techniques, methods and equipment. Bringing the struggles of miners to life, and enhanced by numerous illustrations by some of the leading engravers of the day, the book is regarded as having inspired and informed Émile Zola, whose great novel Germinal (1885) depicts coal miners' lives during a strike. Simonin's work reached a wide readership in his native France, and this English translation appeared in 1869."

"Metode self - potensial adalah salah satu metode geofisika yang mengukur potensial alam antara dua titik dipermukaan bumi. Saat ini metode self - potensial sudah banyak diaplikasikan dalam penelitan dibidang lingkungan. Dalam tugas akhir ini, metode self - potensial diaplikasikan untuk menentukan aliran air bawah tanah diwilayah Cisoka, Tangerang. Aplikasi metode self - potensial dalam menentukan aliran air bawah tanah, nilai self - potensial yang terukur dipermukaan merupakan nilai Streaming Potensial (SP) atau Potensial Elektrokinetik (PE) yang ditimbulkan oleh pergerakan air bawah tanah melalui pori - pori atau rekahan - rekahan pada batuan. Dengan menggunakan persamaan sederhana yang dikembangkan oleh Oveerbeek (1952, didalam Kim et al.2004) sebagai model matematik, dan nilai K dan C literatur hasil percobaan laboratorium (Hamzah 2007) sebagai parameter geologi bawah tanah, hubungan antara nilai - nilai SP yang terukur dipermukaan dengan nilai - nilai K dan C lapisan batuan, dapat dimodelkan. Hasil pemodelan fisik dapat diketahui arah aliran air bawah permukaan serta pola sebaran air tanah dilokasi penelitian dan mengetahui langkah antisipasif jika terjadi polusi air tanah dari limbah industri dan air laut.

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Self - Potential method is one of qeophysics method to measure natural potential between two points on the surface of ground. At this moment Self - Potential method has many been applied in environmental research. In this final paper, Self - Potential method is applied to determine the flow under ground water in Cisoka sub - district, Tangerang. Application of Self - Potential method in determining the flow of under ground water, the score self - potential which is measured on the surface constitutes the score streaming potential (SP) or electronic potential (EP) caused by the flow of underground water through the crack on the rocks. By using simple equation developed by overbeek (1952, in Kim et al (2004) as the model of math, and score literature of K and C, result of laboratory research (Hamzah 2007) as the parameter underground geology, connection between the scores SP which is measured on the surface with the scores K and C of the aquifer can be modeled. The result of this physical model can be known the direction of flow underground water and spreading pattern of ground water in location research and knowing the anticipation action if it would be happened ground water from industrial waste and sea water."