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Abstrak :
Pengoperasian kereta api cepat menjadi salah satu perhatian dalam penelitian dan pengembangan industri kereta. Kecelakaan kereta yang diakibatkan oleh bencana dan kondisi pengoperasian yang tidak aman harus dicegah. Crosswind adalah salah satu ancaman yang dapat mengakibatkan kecelakan kereta. Crosswind effect dapat membuat kereta cepat terbalik pada saat kereta mengalami beban aerodinamika dikarenakan adanya normal dan tangensial stress pada permukaan kereta. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mencari dan menganalisa performa aerodinamika yang paling optimum dari beberapa kereta yang diuji ketika mengalami crosswind effect spesifik pada saat kereta berada dalam kondisi non-elevated. Model kereta yang digunakan adalah model kereta cepat Jakarta-Bandung Railway Project, yaitu kereta CR400 AF Fuxing Train yang telah disederhanakan. Simulasi akan dilakukan menggunakan computational fluid dynamics dan mencari parameter aerodinamika dan aliran pada kereta api cepat pada saat mengalami crosswind dengan menggunakan realizable k-ε turbulence model. ......The operation of high-speed trains has become one of the concerns of current railway research and development. Fatal railway accidents, which are catastrophic consequences of unsafe operating conditions, should be prevented. Crosswinds are one of the major threats that can cause fatal railway accidents. Crosswind effect can flip and overturn the high-speed train as the train experiences aerodynamic loads due to the normal and tangential stresses in its surfaces when it cruises. This thesis aims to find and analyze the most optimum aerodynamics performance for the high-speed trains when experiencing crosswind effects from several train models specifically on non-elevated conditions (ground conditions). The train models used the simplified train model of the Jakarta-Bandung Railway Project which is CR400 AF Fuxing Train. The simulation will be conducted using computational fluid dynamics and try to obtain the aerodynamic parameters and flow process of the high-speed trains due to crosswind using realizable k-ε turbulence model.

Abstrak :
As an initial analysis, numerical simulation has more advantages in saving time and costs regarding experiments. For example, variations in flow conditions and geometry can be adjusted easily to obtain results. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, such as the k-ε model, renormalization group (RNG) k-ε model and reynolds stress model (RSM), are widely used to conduct research on different objects and conditions. Choosing the appropriate model helps produce and develop constant values. Modeling studies as appropriate, i.e., in the turbulent flow simulation in the wind tunnel, is done to get a more accurate result. This study was conducted by comparing the results of the simulation k-ε model, RNG k-ε model and RSM, which is validated by the test results. The air had a density of 1,205 kg/m3, a viscosity of 4×10-5 m2/s and a normal speed of 6 m/s. By comparing the simulation results of the k-ε model, RNG k-ε model and RSM, which is validated by the test results, the third turbulence model provided good results to predict the distribution of speed and pressure of the fluid flow in the wind tunnel. As for predicting the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate and turbulent effective viscosity, the k-ε model was effectively used with comparable results to the RSM models.

Abstrak :
As an initial analysis, numerical simulation has more advantages in saving time and costs regarding experiments. For example, variations in flow conditions and geometry can be adjusted easily to obtain results. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, such as the k-? model, renormalization group (RNG) k-? model and reynolds stress model (RSM), are widely used to conduct research on different objects and conditions. Choosing the appropriate model helps produce and develop constant values. Modeling studies as appropriate, i.e., in the turbulent flow simulation in the wind tunnel, is done to get a more accurate result. This study was conducted by comparing the results of the simulation k-? model, RNG k-? model and RSM, which is validated by the test results. The air had a density of 1,205 kg/m3, a viscosity of 4×10-5 m2/s and a normal speed of 6 m/s. By comparing the simulation results of the k-? model, RNG k-? model and RSM, which is validated by the test results, the third turbulence model provided good results to predict the distribution of speed and pressure of the fluid flow in the wind tunnel. As for predicting the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate and turbulent effective viscosity, the k-? model was effectively used with comparable results to the RSM models.

Abstrak :
Kebutuhan akan sistem pendinginan pada masa kini sangat penting terkait meningkatnya beban panas akibat miniaturisasi produk alat ? alat elektronik. Sistem pendinginan konvensional berbasis fan telah mencapai batas efisiensinya dan dibutuhkan teknik pendinginan baru. Synthetic jet merupakan sistem pendinginan baru berdasar input massa netto nol tetapi momentum tidak nol. Dalam penelitian ini sebuah impinging synthetic jet digetarkan dengan fungsi gelombang triangle. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahapan yaitu komputasional dan eksperimental. Tahapan komputasional bertujuan untuk melihat distribusi aliran panas synthetic jet. Tahapan eksperimental bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakterisasi synthetic jet. Pada tahap komputasional penelitian ini menggunakan software CFD Fluent dengan model turbulensi k-w SST dengan elemen meshing Tet/Hybrid tipe Tgrid, sedangkan pada tahap eksperimental menggunakan function generator untuk menggerakkan membran dengan tiga frekuensi osilasi yaitu 80 hz, 120 hz, dan 160 hz pada amplitudo tetap 1 m/s. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan adanya pengaruh gelombang dan frekuensi osilasi yang signifikan terhadap laju perpindahan panas yang terjadi. Laju perpindahan panas/pendinginan terbaik terjadi pada frekuensi osilasi yang lebih rendah; dalam penelitian ini pada frekuensi 80 hz. ......The need for cooling in the present system becomes very important as the consequence of the increased heat load due to product miniaturization of electronics devices. Conventional fan-based cooling system has reached the limit of its efficiency and needed a new cooling technique. Synthetic jet is a new cooling system based on zero netto mass input but non zero momentum. In this study an impinging synthetic jet was vibrated with a triangle function. The study was conducted in two stages, computational and experimental. Computational stage aims to look at the distribution of heat flow of synthetic jet. Experimental stage intended to obtain characterization of synthetic jet. In the computational stage the research using CFD Fluent software with a turbulence model k-w SST with meshing elements Tet/Hybrid type TGrid, while in the experimental stage it used the function generator to drive the membrane with three oscillation frequency: 80 hz, 120 hz, and 160 hz at fixed amplitude of 1 m/s. The experimental results show significant effect of wave and oscillation frequency on the heat transfer rate that occured. The best heat transfer rate / cooling effect occurs at a lower oscillation frequency; in this study at a frequency of 80 hz.

Abstrak :
Kontrol aktif aliran merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif dalam mengurangi drag aerodinamika pada kendaraan untuk memenuhi tuntutan isu mengenai krisis sumber energi. Secara mendasar kontrol aktif aliran bertujuan untuk mengubah lapisan batas yang mengalami separasi. Untuk mencapai hal itu kontrol aktif aliran menggunakan sejumlah energi untuk memberikan eksitasi pada medan aliran berupa blowing, suction dan synthetic jet. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian pengurangan drag pada model kendaraan family van dengan menggunakan suction dimana reversed Ahmed body digunakan sebagai model untuk kendaraan ini. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 pendekatan, yaitu komputasi dan eksperimental dengan variasi data kecepatan upstream 11.1 m/s, 13.9 m/s, dan 16.7 m/s dan kecepatan hisapan 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s , dan 1 m/s. Software CFD Fluent dan pemodelan turbulensi k-epsilon digunakan dalam pendekatan komputasi untuk melihat karakterisitik aliran dan performa aerodinamika. Hasil dari simulasi CFD menunjukkan pengurangan drag hingga 14.73%, sedangkan data eksperimental menunjukkan pengurangan drag hingga 16.52%. ......Active flow control is one kind of effective methods in order to achieve drag reductions at vehicle as the answer of the issue about energy resources crises. Basically the aim of active flow control is to modify boundary layer where the flow separation take place. To achieve that purposes active flow control uses some energy to give excitation in the flow field such as blowing, suction, and synthetic jet. This study concerns with drag reduction in family car model by using suction flow and reversed Ahmed body is used as the model of this kind vehicle. Both of computational and experimental methods was used to conduct this research with variations at upstream flow velocity of 11.1 m/s, 13.9 m/s, 16.7 m/s, and at suction flow velocity of 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s and 1 m/s. CFD Fluent software was used as solver, and k-epsilon turbulence model was applied in numerical computation to get characteristic of flow field and aerodynamics performance. The solution offered by CFD simulation showed drag reduction up to 14.73%, while experimental methods showed drag reductions up to 16.52%.