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Abstrak :
Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, teknologi memiliki peranan penting dalam memajukan perekonomian, utamanya bagi negara berkembang dan negara terbelakang yang belum menguasai teknologi tepat guna bagi perindustrian. Untuk mengadakan akses terhadap teknologi bagi negara-negara berkembang dan negara-negara terbelakang, dilakukanlah transfer of technologi dari negara maju agar negara berkembang dan negara terbelakang dapat menguasai teknologi-teknologi yang meningkatkan daya saing mereka dalam perdagangan internasional. Namun, kerjasama transfer of technology seringkali menimbulkan sengketa, khususnya terkait hak dan kewajiban para pihak (termasuk hak kekayaan intelektual pengalih teknologi dan perbedaan kepentingan antara negara berkembang dan negara maju). Untuk itu, dalam skripsi ini penulis meninjau sengketa-sengketa terkait transfer of technology dari perspektif hukum perdagangan internasional. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, dimana penulis menganalisis sengketa transfer of technology dari berbagai perjanjian antarnegara, peraturan perundang-undangan dan kasus-kasus. Dari penelitian tersebut, penulis menemukan bahwa sengketa transfer of technology pada umumnya mencakup pelanggaran hak kekayaan intelektual pengalih teknologi dan aspek-aspek lain dalam perdagangan internasional. Kemudian, penulis menemukan bahwa sejatinya instrumen-instrumen hukum perdagangan internasional telah mengakomodasi kepentingan negara berkembang dan negara terbelakang untuk menguasai teknologi yang dapat memajukan perekonomian serta kepentingan negara maju terkait pelindungan hak kekayaan intelektual.

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As the world advances to a new era, technology remains at the corner stone of economic development, especially for developing and the least-developed nations, which have yet to possess viable technological base for their industries. To provide access for such technology, transfer of technology from the developed to the developing and least-developed countries is necessary, as it would lead the recipients to a more competitive position in the international trade. This, however, is not without its issues. Transfer of technology often sparks dispute between the parties involved, mainly with respect to their rights and obligations (including, but not limited to, the intellectual property rights of the transferor and competing interests of developing and developed nation). For that reason, the author will thoroughly observe the legal aspects of such disputes from international trade law standpoint. In doing so, the author implements the normative-juridical method, of which the author will analyze those disputes based on treaties, laws and regulations, and case laws. From this observation, the author found that transfer of technology disputes strongly connects with intellectual property issues and other aspects of international trade. Furthermore, the author found that international trade law instruments have sufficiently accommodate the interests of developing and the least-developed nations with respect to technology dissemination, as well as developed countries interest on intellectual property rights protection.

Abstrak :
Technology is one of important factors in economic building of developing countries, including Indonesia. Developing countries need various modern technologies governed by developed countries by transfer of technology among countries. but very often, there appear handicaps in the process of transfer of technology to developing countries from the developed ones, one of the handicaps is lack of law regulations. In this article the problem of the role of law in the transfer of technology is analysed by using juridical normative and quantitative methods of approach. The data used in the analysis comprise both the primary and secondary data. Form those methods approach it is concluded that law has a role to give the basis for the creation of effective mechanism for the transfer of technology among countries by fair conditions both for providers and receivers of technologies.

Abstrak :
The work presents and describes the phenomenon of technology transfer from universities to industry through an original perspective, from "insiders", that is, the perspective of universities. The book tells, through the pen of the same players, the birth, growth and experiences of Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) of the main Italian universities, highlighting the heterogeneity of their ambitions, goals achieved and the resources available to them for the development of scientific research. The basic idea of ​​the work is that the "numbers" give a vision important but only part of what is a university TTO. The technology transfer professionals has shown that the activities of these offices is full of meaningful stories and high education, where the human element, and the ways in which it is run, play a central role in knowledge transfer from research to industry.

Abstrak :
Penulisan tesis ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan beroperasinya nilai budaya persamaan dan nilai budaya kejujuran di dalam proses pengalihan kemampuan dari pekerja asing kepada pekerja lokal terutama karyawan lokal PT Freeport Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menelaah apakah budaya korporasi yang diproduksi dan direproduksi oleh pekerja asing dan pekerja lokal itu, berpengaruh terhadap implementasi. dari program counterpart yang dicanangkan oleh PT Freeport Indonesia. Walaupun dipahami bahwa kebudayaan bukanlah merupakan faktor penentu dari keberhasilan pengalihan kemampuan, tetapi budaya korporasi tidak bisa diabaikan sebagai kebudayaan dalam arti konteks, yaitu sebagai acuan atau menawarkan sejumlah konsepsi yang menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi para pekerja dalam menentukan tindakannya. Hai ini dikarenakan nilai budaya meletakkan fondasi untuk memahami sikap dan motivasi para pekerja, selain itu nilai budaya memiliki kemampuan untuk mernpengaruhi persepsi kita. Pembahasan dalam tesis ini bertumpu pada teori kebudayaan mencakup budaya korporasi, dan teori hubungan internasional, dengan menggunakan pendekatan poststructuralist atau constructivist, yang menekankan pemahaman kebudayaan pada: (I) Norma-norma, nilai-nilai, dan pranata-pranata dikonstruksikan oleh praksis-praksis dari para pekerja yang tentu saja bermuatan kepentingan-kepentingan dan kekuasaan yang mereka miliki; (2) Pranata dipahami sebagai kumpulan praksis yang merefleksikan pengamatan pada pandangan subyektif di antara para pekerja; (3) Para pekerja tidak terpisah dengan pekerja lainnya, atau dari pranata yang ada, sebaliknya tujuan dan perilaku mereka dikondisikan oleh keduanya. Jadi, para pekerja merupakan pengendali dalam mengkonstruksikan, memelihara dan merubah budaya korporasi, dan melalui praksispraksis mereka, para pekerja diberdayakan sekaligus dibatasi oleh struktur sosial di dalam lingkungan kerja PT Freeport Indonesia. Pendek kata, kebudayaan dalam teori ini didekati sebagai suatu praksis termasuk praksis kewacanaan, suatu proses, dan suatu konsep. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif, dengan mengandalkan data kepustakaan yang didukung oleh data dari penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan oleh Tim URGE LTI Penelitian lapangan dilakukan secara acak dan kualitatif melalui `in-depth interview' dengan sejumlah responden para eksekutif dan manajemen menengah, yang diambil dari para pekerja asing dan lokal yang terpilih, di PT Freeport Indonesia. Pengupasan gejala memakai metoda interpretatif dan metoda verstehen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, perbedaan intensitas kadar nilai persamaan dan kejujuran yang digunakan sebagai acuan bertindak dari praksis-praksis para pekerja, memiliki kecenderungan menghambat proses program counterpart di PT Freeport Indonesia; kedua, komitmen positif dari manajemen puncak yang didukung oleh manajemen menengah, memberi pengaruh penting dan menentukan bagi pengalihan teknologi dari para pekerja asing kepada para pekerja lokal.

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Corporate Culture and Transfer of Technology in American Transnational Companies: A Case Study of Counterpart System in PT Freeport Indonesia, 1997 period. The object of this theses is to explore equality and honesty values in operation during the process of disembodied technology transfer between expatriates and local workers at PT Freeport Indonesia. This research tries to answer whether corporate culture which is produced and reproduced by both expatriates and local employees, impact the implementation of counterpart program in PT Freeport Indonesia. Although culture is certainly not a determining factor in the disembodied technology transfer process, but it can not be disregarded as a context. Because it lays the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation and also influences our perceptions. This study relies on the poststructuralist or constructivist approach of both corporate culture and international relations theory, which emphasizes the following: (1) Norms, values and institutions are constructed by the practices of the workers in which involved their interests and powers; (2) The conception of institutions as "sets of practices," reflects this focus on intersubjectivity: (3) Workers are not divorced by other employees or from its institutional setting, conversely their goals and behavior are conditioned by both. So, workers are centrally involved in the construction, maintenance, and change of corporate culture, and through their practices they are enabled as well as constrained by social structure in PT Freeport Indonesia environment. Shortly, culture is approached as practice including discursive practice, as a process, and as a context. It is an investigation which uses qualitative research methodology, based on an intensive literature review combined with the result of in-depth interview of the executives and middle management of selected expatriates and local workers in PT Freeport Indonesia. The narrative highlights the importance of the verstehen and interpretative method. The conclusion of this study indicated that: firstly, the various degree of intensity of particular values such as equality and honesty as a context of employee's practices, tend to inhibit the process of counterpart program in PT Freeport Indonesia; and secondly, the commitment of top management combined with middle management support, has an important and a determined impact on the disembodied technology transfer between expatriates and local employees.

Abstrak :
Keberadaan Jepang sebagai negara maju tidak disertai dengan kepemilikan wilayah yang strategis dan karena fenomena ildim saling mempengaruhi antara satu negara dengan negara lain, mendorong Jepang untuk bekerjasama dalam penelitian ildim. Terkait dengan hal itu kebijakan bantuan luar negeri Jepang yang berbentuk Technical Assistance diberikan kepada Indonesia pada tahun 2001 untuk membangun stasiun pengamatlSPD di Kototabang. Dalam menganalisa kerjasama tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode deskripsi yang mencoba menjelaskan kerjasama ini dengan menggunakan pengumpulan dana dan informasi melalui studi literatur, dokumen dan wawancara. Sehingga kemudian diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran dan penjelasan atas kerjasama yang telah dilakukan. Adapun kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatairi dan K.J: Halsti, yang rnenjelaskari bantuan luar negeri sebagai sate hal yang terkait dengan pernindahan dana, barang, atau nasehat teknis dari satu negara donor pada negara penerima. Sehingga yang menjadi kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa setiap kerja lama antar negara akan selalu didasari oleh perhitungan-perhitungan kepentingan. Dengan bantuan berupa technical assistance dalam pembangunan SPX) Kototabang, penelitian bidang iklim di Indonesia dapat lebih berkembang dengan suntikan teknologiltransfer teknologi dan dari sisi strategis menempatkan wilayah Indonesia dalam satu mata rantai penelitian iklim global.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai implikasi klausula Grant Back (Lisensi Kembali) dalam Perjanjian Lisensi Paten. Pengaturan klausula Grant Back dalam perjanjian lisensi sulit diketahui karena umumnya Perjanjian Lisensi Paten bersifat tertutup. Namun hal tersebut penting untuk diketahui mengingat keberadaan klausula tersebut dapat melindungi pemberi lisensi namun juga berpotensi menimbulkan persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif untuk menghasilkan data yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Analisa mengenai implikasi Grant Back selanjutnya akan dilakukan dengan melihat perbandingan penerapan hukumnya di Indonesia, Jepang, dan Amerika. Berdasar perbandingan pengaturan tersebut, maka disimpulkan bahwa klausula Grant Back dalam lisensi paten memerlukan batasan tertentu sehingga dapat memberi keuntungan seluruh pihak dalam perjanjian lisensi, yaitu pemberi lisensi dan penerima lisensi, serta pasar.

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This thesis analyzed the implication of Grant Back clause in the License Patent Agreement. There is a notable difficulty in observing the arrangement of the clause, due to the nature of License Patent Agreement, which is strictly restricted and cannot be disclosed outside the involved parties. However, it is critical to understand the existence of such clausal since while it can protect the licensor, it is also prone to trigger unfair business practices. This thesis uses normative law method to generate descriptive analysis data. Following that, the analysis of Grant Back implication will be examined through comparison study of its law application in Indonesia, Japan, and United States. Based on the arrangement comparison, it is concluded that Grant Back clause in Patent License requires specific restrain and condition to ensure that it can be beneficial to all parties involved in the license agreement, i.e., licensor and licensee, as well as the market.

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK
The activity of knowledge and technology transfer from the academic side into businesses or the industrial sector through various schemes, so-called university technology transfer or academic technology transfer, involves a complex process of developing research ideas into the utilization of research. Historically, university technology transfer was triggered by amendment of the U.S. Patent Law, named the Bayh-Dole Act. Shortly after the amendment, technology transfer activity at U.S. universities escalated, particularly in patent and license activities. The movement of transfer technology was closed related to a research activity of the university and university patent in general. Through empirical study, this paper identifies technology transfer activities specifically on herbal pharmaceutical products at two Indonesian state universities, i.e. Institut Pertanian Bogor and Universitas Indonesia. The identification of technology transfer activity in both universities aims to study whether IPRs play a significant role in technology transfer activity.

Abstrak :
At the moment of blue swimming crab portunus pelagicus as export commodity, can not meet with a demand due to deleption of its population on the wild....