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Abstrak :
Aturan-aturan pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun atau yang biasa disebut limbah B3 yang adalah bagian dari pengelolaan lingkungan hidup yang berlaku di Indonesia dianggap tidak selaras dengan jalannya kegiatan industri yang merupakan penghasil limbah B3, oleh karena itu penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat apakah peraturan-peraturan yang mengatur limbah B3 di Indonesia telah sedemekian rupa sehingga tidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan-ketentuan internasional dan untuk menjelaskan bahwa tidak selamanya limbah B3 itu tidak dapat dimanfaatkan kembali. Penulisan ini dianalisis secara yuridis normatif dan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Peraturan-peraturan yang mengatur tentang limbah B3 yang telah ada masih dianggap rigid, karena dalam pelaksanaannya peraturan-peraturan tersebut belum dapat menyesuaikan perkembangan teknologi dalam pengelolaan limbah B3 dan juga dianggap tidak adanya keselarasan antara pengelolaan limbah B3 yang merupakan bagian dari pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dengan kegiatan industri sebagai penghasil limbah B3. Kemajuan teknologi dalam pengelolaan limbah B3 di dunia mengakibatkan beberapa limbah B3 dianggap tidak lagi sebagai limbah B3 atau pun menyebabkan limbah B3 yang berbahaya tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan kembali oleh industri-industri lain baik sebagai bahan baku utama kegiatannya atau pun sebagai bahan baku sekunder yang mana memunculkan adanya kegiatan ekonomi yang mengakibatkan munculnya kegiatan lintas batas limbah B3 yang menurut beberapa negara masih sangat berbahaya tapi dianggap sebagai salah satu upaya pengelolaan limbah B3 apabila dilakukan sesuai dengan aturan dan pengelolaan yang baik. ......The arrangements of hazardous and toxic waste management which is part of the prevailing environmental management in Indonesia is considered not aligned with the course of industrial activity as the producer of the hazardous and toxic waste, therefore the study was conducted to see whether the regulations governing hazardous and toxic waste in Indonesia have been in such a way that do not in contrary with the international provisions and to clarify that such hazardous and toxic waste not always can not be reused. This study analayzed by juridical normative and using a qualitative approach. The existing regulations governing hazardous and toxic waste are considered rigid, due to in practice, such regulations have not been able to adjust the development of hazardous and toxic waste management technologies and also considered that there is no alignment between the hazardous and toxic waste management which is part of the environmental management with the industrial activity as the producer of the hazardous and toxic waste. Technological advances in hazardous and toxic waste management in the world have caused several hazardous and toxic wastes are no longer considered as the hazardous and toxic wastes or even caused such harmful hazardous and toxic waste may be reused by other industries either as the main raw material of their activities or as the secondary raw material of which raises the economic activity resulting the emergence of transboundry movement of hazardous and toxic waste activity which according to some countries are still very dangerous however considered as one of the hazardous and toxic waste management efforts if conducted in accordance with the rules and proper management.

Abstrak :
Smoking causes and contributes to a large number of human diseases, yet due to the large number of potentially hazardous compounds in cigarette smoke. almost 5,000 chemicals have been identified, establishing the link between smoking and disease has often proved difficult. This unbiased and scientifically accurate overview of current knowledge begins with an overview of the chemical constituents in cigarette smoke, their fate in the human body, and their documented toxic effects on various cells and tissues. Recent results detailing the many ways components of cigarette smoke adversely affect human health are also presented, highlighting the role of smoking in cardiovascular, respiratory, infectious and other diseases. A final chapter discusses current strategies for the treatment and prevention of smoking-induced illness. Despite the obvious importance of the topic, this is the first comprehensive reference on tobacco smoke toxicity, making for essential reading for all toxicologists and healthcare professionals dealing with smoking-related diseases.

Abstrak :
Nowadays. in the deveropment of materials and medicaments one must not only consider the strength or functional aspect, but also its biocompatibility. The bio-compatibility of materials and medicaments is one of the main requirements to be considered in treating a patient. The non-toxic effect of a material or medicament is a strict condition as being biocompatible. Almost all dental treatment involve the use of materials and medicament, of which the basic substances are composed from chemical compounds. The use of chemical substances in the human body can give benefits or cause harm. Toxicity is one of the adverse effects of chemical compounds on living organism. It is then becoming a problem that there are materials and medicaments which chemically are harmful but still used in dentistry, as there are no other alternatives. In this situation, the best way for dentists to give a save treatment is to get a deeper insight into the biocompatibility of materials and medicaments in dentistry.;Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 144-147;Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 144-147

Abstrak :
Pola asuh adalah suatu kegiatan di mana setiap masyarakat memiliki pandangan dan perspektif masing-masing tentang bagaimana orang tua memperlakukan anaknya dan sebaliknya. Penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana seorang anak, khususnya perempuan dewasa, melihat orang tuanya dan pola asuhnya sebagai sesuatu yang dianggap toxic. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagian besar berdasarkan otoetnografi dan observasi, di mana peneliti sendiri merupakan informan utama. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan dan pengendalian secara terus-menerus dari orang tua adalah alasan utama mengapa seorang anak menganggap orang tuanya toxic. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa banyak norma budaya dan kepercayaan yang membentuk bagaimana masyarakat merespon ketika terjadi konflik orang tua dan anak yang juga memberikan tekanan bagaimana seorang anak harus bertindak dalam menghadapi toxic parenting. ...... Parenting is an activity in which every community has their own views and perspectives about how parents treat their children and vice versa. This research focuses on how a child, specifically an adult woman, sees her parents and their parenting ways as something that is considered toxic. The data that was used in this research is mainly based on autoethnography and observation, where the researcher herself is the main informant. This research showed that the constant pressure and control from parents are the main reason why a child thinks that her parents are toxic. This research also showed that there are many cultural norms and beliefs that shape how society responds when there’s a parent and child conflict, which also gives pressure on how a child should act in dealing with toxic parenting.

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas studi kasus kecelakaan kerja akibat gas beracun di tambang bawah tanah PT Freeport Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian desain deskriptif dan analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa terdapat 3 kasus kecelakaan akibat gas beracun di seluruh blok penambangan bawah tanah PTFI selama periode 2019-2022 dengan faktor risiko berasal dari tindakan tidak aman yang dikategorikan dalam Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) yang terbagi menjadi empat yaitu organizational influences, unsafe leadership, precondition for unsafe acts, dan unsafe acts. Pada penelitian didapatkan hasil kegagalan sistem pertahanan pada pengaruh organisasi dalam kasus keracunan gas beracun di dominasi kategori resource management berjumlah 7 kegagalan (57%), faktor-faktor penyumbang kegagalan sistem management antara lain SOP, safety sign, Planned Inspection, PJO, Kebijakan K3, Database incident management system dan komunikasi saat penyampaian instruksi kerja. Tingkat Unsafe Supervision dalam kasus keracunan gas beracun berjumlah 11 kegagalan (55%) dengan dominasi oleh kategori Supervisory Violation, faktor-faktor penyumbang kegagalan sistem manajemen antara lain Neil George Checklist, Bulkhead Ventilation, Re-entry Checklist, Airlock Door, Vent bag, Supervisor Inspection, Alat Pelindung Diri, Pengawasan di lapangan, kelayakan sistem ventilasi di lokasi kerja, observasi pengawas ke pekerja terkait pengoperasian portable gas detector dan instruksi kerja. Tingkat Precondition for Unsafe Acts dalam kasus keracunan gas beracun didominasi kategori Personal Readiness berjumlah 8 kegagalan (38%), faktor-faktor penyumbang kegagalan sistem management antara lain peralatan blasting, PDA, pemahaman bahasa pengantar, emission test alat berat, ceklist stope vent dan ventilasi di area blasting, tidak mempedulikan alarm gas detector. Tingkat Unsafe Acts dalam kasus keracunan gas beracun berjumlah 11 kegagalan (46%) dari dominasi kategori Violation Routine, faktor-faktor penyumbang kegagalan sistem management antara lain chemical handling, prosedur yang tidak memadai, sign nilai ambang batas dalam satu bahasa, dumper vent terhalang lumpur dan vent bag rusak, fixed gas detector belum terkalibrasi dan tertutup lumpur, evaluasi pelatihan tidak konsisten dilakukan, barikade area, tidak mengikuti re-entry protocol. Perusahaan disarankan untuk melakukan evaluasi pada program penanganan kecelakaan akibat gas beracun. ......This thesis discusses case studies of work accidents due to toxic gas in PT Freeport Indonesia's underground mine. This research is a descriptive design research and the analysis was carried out using the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) method. The results of the study found that there were 3 cases of accidents due to toxic gas in all PTFI underground mining blocks during the 2019-2022 period with risk factors originating from unsafe actions which were categorized in the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which was divided into four, namely organizational influences, unsafe leadership, precondition for unsafe acts, and unsafe acts. In the study, the results of the failure of the defense system on organizational influence in cases of poison gas poisoning were dominated by the category of resource management totaling 7 failures (57%), contributing factors to the failure of the management system including SOP, safety sign, Planned Inspection, PJO, K3 Policy, Database incident management system and communication when submitting work instructions. . The level of Unsafe Supervision in cases of poison gas poisoning amounted to 11 failures (55%) with dominance by the Supervisory Violation category, contributing factors to management system failure including the Neil George Checklist, Bulkhead Ventilation, Re-entry Checklist, Airlock Door, Vent bag, Supervisor Inspection, Personal Protective Equipment, Supervision in the field, feasibility of the ventilation system at the work site, supervisor's observation of workers regarding the operation of portable gas detectors and work instructions. The level of Precondition for Unsafe Acts in cases of poison gas poisoning was dominated by the Personal Readiness category with 8 failures (38%), contributing factors to management system failure including blasting equipment, PDA, understanding of the language of instruction, emission test of heavy equipment, stop vent checklist and ventilation in the blasting area, ignoring the gas detector alarm. The level of Unsafe Acts in cases of poison gas poisoning amounted to 11 failures (46%) from the dominance of the Violation Routine category, contributing factors to management system failure including chemical handling, inadequate procedures, sign threshold values ​​in one language, dumper vents blocked by mud and the vent bag is damaged, the fixed gas detector has not been calibrated and is covered in mud, inconsistent training evaluations are carried out, barricaded areas, do not follow the re-entry protocol. Companies are advised to evaluate the program for handling accidents caused by toxic gasses.