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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pemanfaatan Dana Alokasi Khusus Bidang Infrastruktur Subbidang Jalan Kabupaten Tangerang Tahun Anggaran 2013 yang berorientasi kepada konteks Results Based Management (RBM) dan kriteria perancangan dana transfer terkait dengan pemanfaatannya. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Desentralisasi Fiskal, dan Transfer Fiskal Antar Tingkat Pemerintahan, Results Based Management dan Project Cycle Management. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan post postivist dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, studi literatur/dokumen dan survei lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan DAK bidang infastruktur subbidang jalan tahun anggaran 2013, dari sisi planning, implementing a project, monitoring, dan evaluating sesuai dengan konteks RBM dan PCM, namun yang menjadi hambatan dalam pelaksanaan pemanfaatan DAK terkait di wilayah Kabupaten Tangerang adalah regulasi, hubungan antar stakeholders, kapasitas internal kelembagaan dan sumber daya manusia. ......This research discusses about the effectiveness of specific purpose grant which is allocated by central government for regional government to fulfill national priority development on regional government, specific at road infrastructure sector in Kabupaten Tangerang fiscal year of 2013. Researcher uses Fiscal Decentralization Theory, Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfer, Results Based Management, and Project Cycle Management. Use post-positvist paradigm, in-depth interview, and field research methods are used by reasearcher to analyse main problem. This research also consider the RBM context (planning, monitoring, and evaluating) and PCM context (implementing a project) to determine the results of this research. Research has shown that management of specific purpose grant, sector of roads infrastructure in Kabupaten Tangerang, Fiscal Year of 2013 has supported RBM and PCM context, but there are some factors affecting the problem of budget management, such as regulations, stakeholders relations, internal institution capacities, and human resources.

Abstrak :
Rattan is a spiny climbing palm that grows into the canopy of the tropical rain forest using a climbing whip in the form of cirrus or flagella. The natural distribution of rattan is from Africa, India, Sri Lanka, China, Malay Peninsula, Indonesian Archipelago, Papua New Guinea until Australia and Fiji. There are 9 genera and about 300 species of rattans in the Indonesian Archipelago. In the forest of Indonesia, rattan grows from the lowland until the mountain area, that is from 0 to 2,900 meters about sea level (m asl). Its habitat is mostly on most area with annual rainfall above 2,000 to 4,000 mm per year. Almost all part of rattan canes are used by people surrounding forest area for many of their everyday life. For Indonesia, rattan is a non timber forest product that gives the greatest income to the economy of the country. The country supplies 90 % of the world demands on rattan cane as the raw material for furniture. For a management of a forest, it is believed that much basic knowledge about the nature of the forest is needed. One of them is to develop the forest as a resource of cane industry in a sustainable way. For this purpose the composition, distribution and density of rattan species in Gunung Halimun National Park (TNGH) were studied as a model. To facilitate a familiarity to the identity of rattan in TNGH, a study on the rattan flora of Java have been conducted. Hence the purpose of the study is to provide a manuscript of a field guide book of the rattan flora of Java and a study of the species composition, density and distribution of rattan in TNGH. Data were collected from December 1994 until May 1995. For the rattan Flora of Java, all specimens herbarium at Herbarium Bogoriense and Forest Research and Development Center and Nature Conservation were observed. Quantitative characters were noted and measured to create the identification key and description of the species. For species composition on rattan in TNGH, three areas were observed namely in Gunung (G.) Kencana, G. Pameungpeuk, and G. Pangkulahan using a continues square transect method, from elevation 800 - 1,400 m asl. The result of the study shows that, there are five genera consisting of 24 species of rattan in Java: Korthalsia (two species), Ceratolobus (two species), Plectocomia (two species), Calamus (14 species) and Daemonorops (four species). It is found that, Ceratolobus glaucescens, C. pseudoconcolor and Plectocomia longistigma are not included in the previous study done by Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr.(1968), however this study supports their opinion that Calamus spectabilis and Daemonorops palembanicus are not found in Java. From three areas in TNGH, it was found that there are 13 species of rattans in the region. In terms of species richness and densities, G. Pameungpeuk comes first, follows by G. Pangkulahan and G. Kencana. Calamus heteroideus, C. javensis, Daemonorops melanochaetes, and Plectocomia elongata are dominant both in seedling and nature forms. The rattans are relatively abundant in the areas less than 1000 m asl. and decrease in number of species as well as the minimal population in the higher altitude. Calanms ornatus occures in 800 - 1,400 m asl., Daemonorops ruber in 800 - 1,500 m asl., D. oblongus in 800 - 1,400 m asl . According to previous studies by DransfieId (1974) and Mahyar (1983), they were found only from 0 - 800 m asl.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Indonesia merupakan negara mega biodiversity, namun Indonesia juga dikenal memiliki tingkat penurunan kuatitas dan kuantitas hutan alami dan habitat satwa liar tertinggi. Demikian juga terjadi pada Macan Tutul Jawa (Panthera pardus) yang merupakan satwa endemik dan spesies utama di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak hingga termasuk ke dalam kategori Endangered species menurut 1UCN Red List of Threatened Animals (Hilton, 2000), dan tergolong appendix I CITES. Terdapat ancaman-ancaman TNGHS sebagai habitat dari Panthera pardus diantaranya aktivitas penduduk, yang berupa penebangan hutan (baik untuk kayu bakar, pembukaan lahan untuk pertanian, maupun untuk dijual kayunya) dan penambangan emas liar. Aktivitas-aktivitas ini menyebabkan terjadinya penyempitan dan fragmentasi di kawasan TNGHS. Atas dasar tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun dan membangun model dinamika populasi Panthera pardus serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya sehingga diperoleh gambaran holistik tentang dinamika populasi Panthers pardus di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak. Hasil simulasi model subsistem habitat menunjukkan kondisi habitat terus terdegradasi dengan perilaku grafik yang dihasilkan oleh hasil simulasi menunjukkan perilaku pengurangan eksponensial (exponential collapse/diminishing). Berdasarkan hasil simulasi kondisi populasi babi hutan terus menurun sehingga perilaku grafik yang dihasilkan oleh hasil simulasi menunjukkan perilaku peluruhan (decaying). Degradasi habitat berhubungan positif dengan jumlah populasi babi hutan, dimana semakin berkurangnya luas habitat berkorelasi terhadap penurunan jumlah populasi babi. Pada subsistem Panthers pardus Berdasarkan hasil simulasi penurunan luas habitat alami memberikan efek negatif terhadap jumlah populasi Panthera pardus. Grafik hasil simulasi populasi Panthera pardus menunjukkan perilaku peluruhan (decaying), dengan jumlah populasi yang terus menurun. Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi dinamika populasi Panthera pardus adalah kondisi habitat, dimana semakin berkurangnya habitat berkorelasi terhadap penurunan populasi Panthera pardus dan hewan mangsanya. Sehingga untuk upaya pelestarian perlu dilakukan usaha-usaha: Rehabilitasi kawasan; Peningkatan pemberdayaan masyarakat; Pengembangan ekonomi masyarakat dalam kawasan melalui penciptaan lapangan kerja baik formal maupun non formal atau pembangunan industri ramah lingkungan yang mampu menyerap banyak tenaga kerja; Memasyarakatkan pengetahuan tentang peranan dan manfaat hutan serta isinya terhadap kehidupan, khususnya yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan ekologi tinggi; Pemberlakuan regulasi yang ketat dan sanksi yang tegas untuk setiap pelanggaran.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berusaha melihat implikasi kebijakan perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak sebagai bentuk upaya konservasi terhadap kelangsungan hidup masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan. Penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini berfokus mengeksplorasi akses masyarakat dan kelangsungan hidup masyarakat. Terkait data kelangsungan hidup masyarakat, metode survei dilakukan untuk melengkapi deskripsi kepemilikan aset dan aktivitas masyarakat. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat mekanisme akses melalui kesepakatan antara masyarakat dan pihak taman nasional dengan dibantu organisasi non pemerintah untuk pemanfaatan wilayah yang termasuk ke dalam kawasan, tetapi mekanisme akses tersebut belum cukup memberdayakan kelangsungan hidup masyarakat. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah adanya implementasi yang efektif dari kebijakan sistem zonasi dan model kolaborasi supaya dapat memberikan kepastian akses masyarakat dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup masyarakat. ......This study examines how the expansion of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park impact on the livelihood of communities who live in and around the parks. This study used qualitative approach and explored the livelihood assets and livelihood strategies of the people as they gained their access to use resources inside the park through households survey. The study unveils that communities gain their access through the negotiation of social relation between the communities and the national park authorities with limited help from non governmental organization, but the access mechanism is not yet to empower and to develop their livelihood assets and strategies. This study suggests that the effective implementation of zoning system and collaborative model management are needed to secure the access gained by communities and to improve the livelihood of communities.